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Stress]", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.616, "se": 0.406, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.053, "p_text": "p = 0.053 (registry: 'We report adjusted p-values')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 383, "mean": 11.389, "sd": 6.043, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 547, "mean": 10.815, "sd": 6.346, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome measure 'Family and Maternal Perceived Stress: Perceived Stress', time frame 'Age 12 months': arm mean (SD) and n; analysis: OLS regression with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, slope and its dispersion, p-value ('We report adjusted p-values')", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 2 (child's second birthday, July 2020-July 2021)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-10", "measure": "Perceived stress index (Perceived Stress Scale; 9 of the 10 items at ages 1 and 2 because one item was omitted, all 10 at age 3) [registry wording: Family and Maternal Perceived Stress: Perceived Stress]", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.452, "se": 1.13, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.26, "p_text": "p = 0.26 (registry: 'We report adjusted p-values')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 377, "mean": 10.735, "sd": 5.981, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 543, "mean": 10.319, "sd": 6.187, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome measure 'Family and Maternal Perceived Stress: Perceived Stress', time frame 'Age 24 months': arm mean (SD) and n; analysis: OLS regression with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, slope and its dispersion, p-value ('We report adjusted p-values')", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 3 (child's third birthday, July 2021-July 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-10", "measure": "Perceived stress index (Perceived Stress Scale; 9 of the 10 items at ages 1 and 2 because one item was omitted, all 10 at age 3) [registry wording: Family and Maternal Perceived Stress: Perceived Stress]", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.752, "se": 0.456, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.111, "p_text": "p = 0.111 (registry: 'We report adjusted p-values')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 379, "mean": 13.317, "sd": 6.694, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 542, "mean": 12.535, "sd": 7.41, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome measure 'Family and Maternal Perceived Stress: Perceived Stress', time frame 'Age 36 months': arm mean (SD) and n; analysis: OLS regression with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, slope and its dispersion, p-value ('We report adjusted p-values')", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Parenting stress index (PSID Child Development Supplement parent aggravation index plus the GAIN parenting competence index, reverse coded) [registry wording: Family and Maternal Perceived Stress: Parenting Stress]", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.526, "se": 0.238, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.132, "p_text": "p = 0.132 (registry: 'We report adjusted p-values')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 382, "mean": 15.681, "sd": 3.421, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 547, "mean": 15.048, "sd": 3.521, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome measure 'Family and Maternal Perceived Stress: Parenting Stress', time frame 'Age 12 months': arm mean (SD) and n; analysis: OLS regression with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, slope and its dispersion, p-value ('We report adjusted p-values')", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 2 (child's second birthday, July 2020-July 2021)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Parenting stress index (PSID Child Development Supplement parent aggravation index plus the GAIN parenting competence index, reverse coded) [registry wording: Family and Maternal Perceived Stress: Parenting Stress]", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.52, "se": 2.2, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.05, "p_text": "p = 0.05 (registry: 'We report adjusted p-values')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 375, "mean": 15.181, "sd": 3.63, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 543, "mean": 14.715, "sd": 3.552, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome measure 'Family and Maternal Perceived Stress: Parenting Stress', time frame 'Age 24 months': arm mean (SD) and n; analysis: OLS regression with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, slope and its dispersion, p-value ('We report adjusted p-values')", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Maternal depression (PHQ-8) [registry wording: Maternal Mental Health: Index of Maternal Depression]", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.257, "se": 0.277, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.355, "p_text": "p = 0.355 (registry: 'We report adjusted p-values')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 383, "mean": 3.911, "sd": 4.405, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 546, "mean": 3.718, "sd": 4.092, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome measure 'Maternal Mental Health: Index of Maternal Depression', time frame 'Age 12 months': arm mean (SD) and n; analysis: OLS regression with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, slope and its dispersion, p-value ('We report adjusted p-values')", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 2 (child's second birthday, July 2020-July 2021)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Maternal depression (PHQ-8) [registry wording: Maternal Mental Health: Index of Maternal Depression]", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.328, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.32, "p_text": "p = 0.32 (registry: 'We report adjusted p-values')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 376, "mean": 3.207, "sd": 4.258, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 543, "mean": 2.939, "sd": 3.91, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome measure 'Maternal Mental Health: Index of Maternal Depression', time frame 'Age 24 months': arm mean (SD) and n; analysis: OLS regression with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, slope and its dispersion, p-value ('We report adjusted p-values'); dispersion 1.220 labeled 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 3 (child's third birthday, July 2021-July 2022)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Maternal depression (PHQ-8) [registry wording: Maternal Mental Health: Index of Maternal Depression]", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.03, "se": 0.271, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.991, "p_text": "p = 0.991 (registry: 'We report adjusted p-values')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 378, "mean": 3.23, "sd": 3.957, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 541, "mean": 3.416, "sd": 4.629, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome measure 'Maternal Mental Health: Index of Maternal Depression', time frame 'Age 36 months': arm mean (SD) and n; analysis: OLS regression with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, slope and its dispersion, p-value ('We report adjusted p-values')", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Maternal depression (PHQ-8) [registry wording: Maternal Mental Health: Index of Maternal Depression]", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.258, "se": 0.315, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.396, "p_text": "p = 0.396 (registry: 'We report adjusted p-values')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": 4.465, "sd": 4.607, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": 4.212, "sd": 4.954, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome measure 'Maternal Mental Health: Index of Maternal Depression', time frame 'Age 48 months': arm mean (SD) and n; analysis: OLS regression with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, slope and its dispersion, p-value ('We report adjusted p-values')", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Maternal anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory, 21 items) [registry wording: Maternal Mental Health: Index of Maternal Anxiety (measured by the Beck Anxiety Inventory)]", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.66, "se": 0.51, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.003, "p_text": "p = 0.003 (registry: 'We report adjusted p-values')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 383, "mean": 5.943, "sd": 4.405, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 547, "mean": 4.578, "sd": 4.092, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome measure 'Maternal Mental Health: Index of Maternal Anxiety (measured by the Beck Anxiety Inventory)', time frame 'Age 12 months': arm mean (SD) and n; analysis: OLS regression with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, slope and its dispersion, p-value ('We report adjusted p-values')", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 2 (child's second birthday, July 2020-July 2021)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "GAD-7", "measure": "Maternal anxiety (GAD-7) [registry wording: Maternal Mental Health: Index of Maternal Anxiety (measured by the GAD-7)]", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.299, "se": 1.13, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.32, "p_text": "p = 0.32 (registry: 'We report adjusted p-values')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 376, "mean": 2.782, "sd": 4.139, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 543, "mean": 2.494, "sd": 3.805, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome measure 'Maternal Mental Health: Index of Maternal Anxiety (measured by the GAD-7)', time frame 'Age 24 months': arm mean (SD) and n; analysis: OLS regression with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, slope and its dispersion, p-value ('We report adjusted p-values')", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 3 (child's third birthday, July 2021-July 2022)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "GAD-7", "measure": "Maternal anxiety (GAD-7) [registry wording: Maternal Mental Health: Index 1 of Maternal Anxiety (GAD-7)]", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.173, "se": 0.263, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.809, "p_text": "p = 0.809 (registry: 'We report adjusted p-values')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 379, "mean": 3.063, "sd": 4, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 542, "mean": 3.068, "sd": 4.363, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome measure 'Maternal Mental Health: Index 1 of Maternal Anxiety (GAD-7)', time frame 'Age 36 months': arm mean (SD) and n; analysis: OLS regression with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, slope and its dispersion, p-value ('We report adjusted p-values')", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 3 (child's third birthday, July 2021-July 2022)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Maternal anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory, 21 items) [registry wording: Maternal Mental Health: Index 2 of Maternal Anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory)]", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.044, "se": 0.497, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.991, "p_text": "p = 0.991 (registry: 'We report adjusted p-values')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 377, "mean": 5.029, "sd": 7.423, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 542, "mean": 5.262, "sd": 8.173, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome measure 'Maternal Mental Health: Index 2 of Maternal Anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory)', time frame 'Age 36 months': arm mean (SD) and n; analysis: OLS regression with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, slope and its dispersion, p-value ('We report adjusted p-values')", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "GAD-7", "measure": "Maternal anxiety (GAD-7) [registry wording: Maternal Mental Health: Index of Maternal Anxiety (GAD-7)]", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.581, "se": 0.335, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.124, "p_text": "p = 0.124 (registry: 'We report adjusted p-values')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": 5.095, "sd": 5.02, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": 4.594, "sd": 4.908, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome measure 'Maternal Mental Health: Index of Maternal Anxiety (GAD-7)', time frame 'Age 48 months': arm mean (SD) and n; analysis: OLS regression with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, slope and its dispersion, p-value ('We report adjusted p-values')", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Maternal global happiness (single survey item) [registry: Maternal Happiness and Optimism: Global Happiness]", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.008, "se": 0.047, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.866, "p_text": "p = 0.866 (registry: 'We report adjusted p-values')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 382, "mean": 1.254, "sd": 0.707, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 543, "mean": 1.236, "sd": 0.687, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome measure 'Maternal Happiness and Optimism: Global Happiness', time frame 'Age 12 months': arm mean (SD) and n; analysis: OLS regression with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, slope and its dispersion, p-value ('We report adjusted p-values')", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 2 (child's second birthday, July 2020-July 2021)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Maternal global happiness (single survey item) [registry: Maternal Happiness and Optimism: Global Happiness]", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.022, "se": 0.1, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.689, "p_text": "p = 0.689 (registry: 'We report adjusted p-values')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 373, "mean": 1.214, "sd": 0.716, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 540, "mean": 1.244, "sd": 0.71, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome measure 'Maternal Happiness and Optimism: Global Happiness', time frame 'Age 24 months': arm mean (SD) and n; analysis: OLS regression with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, slope and its dispersion, p-value ('We report adjusted p-values')", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 3 (child's third birthday, July 2021-July 2022)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Maternal global happiness (single survey item) [registry: Maternal Happiness and Optimism: Global Happiness]", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.116, "se": 0.045, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.024, "p_text": "p = 0.024 (registry: 'We report adjusted p-values')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 377, "mean": 1.172, "sd": 0.684, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 542, "mean": 1.271, "sd": 0.656, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome measure 'Maternal Happiness and Optimism: Global Happiness', time frame 'Age 36 months': arm mean (SD) and n; analysis: OLS regression with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, slope and its dispersion, p-value ('We report adjusted p-values')", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mother's labor market participation (dichotomous: participating in the labor market)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.009, "se": 0.033, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.792, "p_text": "p = 0.792 (registry: 'We report adjusted p-values')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 372, "mean": null, "sd": 0.498, "proportion": 0.551 }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": null, "sd": 0.497, "proportion": 0.561 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome measure 'Mother's Labor Market and Education Participation: Mother's Labor Market Participation', time frame 'Age 48 months' (group means of a 0/1 variable with SD); analysis: OLS regression with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, slope and its dispersion, p-value ('We report adjusted p-values')", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mother's earnings in the previous calendar year (not inflation adjusted)", "binary": false, "per": "year", "currency": "USD", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1848.499, "se": 1299.053, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.79, "p_text": "p = 0.790 (registry: 'We report adjusted p-values')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": 352, "mean": 14560.832, "sd": 15161.621, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 488, "mean": 16824.808, "sd": 22972.437, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome measure 'Mother's Labor Market and Education Participation: Maternal Earnings', time frame 'Age 48 months' (slope printed as -1,848.499, SE 1,299.053); analysis: OLS regression with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, slope and its dispersion, p-value ('We report adjusted p-values')", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mother working in paid job at time of Wave 1 follow-up", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.043, "se": 0.033, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "p-value printed (0.179) is for the model with covariates", "kind": "difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.41 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.453 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 2: Impacts on Maternal Time Use, 'Mother working in paid job at time of Wave 1 follow-up' row, 'Coefficient' column (no covariates); SE in parentheses; group means 0.453 low, 0.410 high; N 931; the PMC version (pmid:36798246) prints the same numbers", "source": "bfy:nber-w30379" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mother working in paid job at time of Wave 1 follow-up", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.045, "se": 0.033, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.179, "p_text": "p = 0.179", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.41 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.453 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 2: Impacts on Maternal Time Use, 'Mother working in paid job at time of Wave 1 follow-up' row, 'Coefficient w/covariates' column (effect size -0.09); SE in parentheses; group means 0.453 low, 0.410 high; N 931; the PMC version (pmid:36798246) prints the same numbers", "source": "bfy:nber-w30379" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mother's total hours worked per week at all jobs", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.217, "se": 1.45, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "p-value printed (0.179) is for the model with covariates", "kind": "difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 17.426, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 18.489, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 2: Impacts on Maternal Time Use, 'Mother's total hours worked per week at all jobs' row, 'Coefficient' column (no covariates); SE in parentheses; group means 18.489 low, 17.426 high; N 749 (a survey error skipped hours questions for about 168 mothers); the PMC version (pmid:36798246) prints the same numbers", "source": "bfy:nber-w30379" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mother's total hours worked per week at all jobs", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.999, "se": 1.486, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.179, "p_text": "p = 0.179", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 17.426, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 18.489, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 2: Impacts on Maternal Time Use, 'Mother's total hours worked per week at all jobs' row, 'Coefficient w/covariates' column (effect size -0.10); SE in parentheses; group means 18.489 low, 17.426 high; N 749 (a survey error skipped hours questions for about 168 mothers); the PMC version (pmid:36798246) prints the same numbers", "source": "bfy:nber-w30379" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mother's average monthly earned income (2019 dollars)", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "USD", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 4.063, "se": 45.157, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "p-value printed (0.731) is for the model with covariates", "kind": "difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 600.961, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 596.615, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 1: Impacts on Household Economic Resources, 'Mother's average monthly earned income' row, 'OLS' column (no covariates); SE in parentheses; group means 596.615 low, 600.961 high; N 922; the PMC version (pmid:36798246) prints the same numbers", "source": "bfy:nber-w30379" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mother's average monthly earned income (2019 dollars)", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "USD", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 15.224, "se": 44.197, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.731, "p_text": "p = 0.731", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 600.961, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 596.615, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 1: Impacts on Household Economic Resources, 'Mother's average monthly earned income' row, 'OLS w/covariates' column (effect size 0.02); SE in parentheses; group means 596.615 low, 600.961 high; N 922; the PMC version (pmid:36798246) prints the same numbers", "source": "bfy:nber-w30379" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "[preR] Maternal Global Happiness mean (single item)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.018, "se": 0.047, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "p-value printed (0.866; Westfall-Young 0.866) is for the model with covariates", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 2.254, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 2.236, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 5: Impacts on Economic Stress and Subjective Well-being, '[preR] Maternal Global Happiness mean' row, 'OLS' column (no covariates); SE in parentheses; group means 2.236 low, 2.254 high; N 925; the PMC version (pmid:36798246) prints the same numbers", "source": "bfy:nber-w30379" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "[preR] Maternal Global Happiness mean (single item)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.008, "se": 0.047, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.866, "p_text": "p = 0.866; Westfall-Young adjusted p = 0.866", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 2.254, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 2.236, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5: Impacts on Economic Stress and Subjective Well-being, '[preR] Maternal Global Happiness mean' row, 'OLS w/covariates' column (effect size 0.01); SE in parentheses; group means 2.236 low, 2.254 high; N 925; the PMC version (pmid:36798246) prints the same numbers", "source": "bfy:nber-w30379" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Working for pay at time of age-1 survey", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.04, "se": 0.03, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.18, "p_text": "p = .18; Westfall-Young adjusted p = .84", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.45 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 3 (Summary of Estimates of the Impact of Baby's First Years High-Cash Gift on Breastfeeding, Child Care, and Employment in the First Year), 'Working for pay at time of age-1 survey (%)' row: low-cash gift mean .45, OLS ITT with FE and covariates -.04 (.03), effect size -.09, N 931; the text file renders minus signs as '2' (e.g. '2.04' for -.04)", "source": "bfy:employment-ssr" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Ever worked for pay since birth (first year)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.0, "se": 0.03, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.95, "p_text": "p = .95; Westfall-Young adjusted p = 1.00", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.54 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.54 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 3, 'Ever worked for pay since birth (%)' row: low-cash gift mean .54, OLS ITT .00 (.03), effect size .00, N 928; high-cash mean .54 from Table 1 ('Ever worked for pay (%)', bivariate p .91)", "source": "bfy:employment-ssr" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Number of hours worked for pay per week in past month", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.95, "se": 1.24, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.11, "p_text": "p = .11; Westfall-Young adjusted p = .71", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 14.65, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 3, 'Number of hours worked for pay per week in past month' row: low-cash gift mean 14.65, OLS ITT -1.95 (1.24), effect size -.10, N 922; the text file renders minus signs as '2' (e.g. '2.04' for -.04)", "source": "bfy:employment-ssr" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Currently working full-time in the month before the age-1 survey", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "the high-cash gift group was not more likely to be currently working full-time (results available on request)", "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text after Table 3: 'the high-cash gift group was not more likely to be currently working full-time or currently working part time in the month prior to the age-1 survey (results available on request)' (sentence only)", "source": "bfy:employment-ssr" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "GAD-7", "measure": "Maternal anxiety (GAD-7) total score", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.57, "se": null, "lower": -0.1, "upper": 1.24, "level": 95, "p": 0.09, "p_text": "P = .09; Westfall-Young adjusted P = .15", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": 5.1, "sd": 5.02, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": 4.59, "sd": 4.91, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 2 (Descriptive Statistics and Cash Gift Treatment Effects ... at Age 4 Years), 'GAD-7 total score' row: regression-adjusted difference in means (95% CI); standardized effect size 0.12 (-0.02 to 0.25); No. 883; arm n from Figure 2 CONSORT (515 low, 368 high with GAD-7 and PHQ-8); pmid:40522644 prints the same Table 2", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Maternal depression (PHQ-8) total score", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.21, "se": null, "lower": -0.42, "upper": 0.84, "level": 95, "p": 0.51, "p_text": "P = .51; Westfall-Young adjusted P = .50", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": 4.46, "sd": 4.61, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": 4.21, "sd": 4.95, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 2 (Descriptive Statistics and Cash Gift Treatment Effects ... at Age 4 Years), 'PHQ-8 total score' row: regression-adjusted difference in means (95% CI); standardized effect size 0.04 (-0.08 to 0.17); No. 883; arm n from Figure 2 CONSORT (515 low, 368 high with GAD-7 and PHQ-8); pmid:40522644 prints the same Table 2", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "GAD-7", "measure": "Meets Mild GAD-7 Threshold or Higher (score above 5)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.057, "se": null, "lower": -0.005, "upper": 0.119, "level": 95, "p": 0.07, "p_text": "P = .07", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.438 }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.39 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Supplement eTable 2, Panel A (binary outcomes; logistic regression with site fixed effects and covariates, average marginal effect with 95% CI), row 'Meets Mild GAD-7 Threshold or Higher'; N 883; arm n from Figure 2 CONSORT", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "GAD-7", "measure": "Meets Moderate GAD-7 Threshold or Higher (score above 10)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.046, "se": null, "lower": -0.005, "upper": 0.096, "level": 95, "p": 0.08, "p_text": "P = .08", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.198 }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.157 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Supplement eTable 2, Panel A (binary outcomes; logistic regression with site fixed effects and covariates, average marginal effect with 95% CI), row 'Meets Moderate GAD-7 Threshold or Higher'; N 883; arm n from Figure 2 CONSORT", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "GAD-7", "measure": "Meets Severe GAD-7 Threshold (score above 15)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.009, "se": null, "lower": -0.023, "upper": 0.042, "level": 95, "p": 0.57, "p_text": "P = .57", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.068 }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.058 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Supplement eTable 2, Panel A (binary outcomes; logistic regression with site fixed effects and covariates, average marginal effect with 95% CI), row 'Meets Severe GAD-7 Threshold'; N 883; arm n from Figure 2 CONSORT", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Meets Mild PHQ-8 Threshold or Higher (score above 5)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.069, "se": null, "lower": 0.008, "upper": 0.13, "level": 95, "p": 0.03, "p_text": "P = .03", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.386 }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.326 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Supplement eTable 2, Panel A (binary outcomes; logistic regression with site fixed effects and covariates, average marginal effect with 95% CI), row 'Meets Mild PHQ-8 Threshold or Higher'; N 883; arm n from Figure 2 CONSORT", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Meets Moderate PHQ-8 Threshold or Higher (score above 10)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.005, "se": null, "lower": -0.042, "upper": 0.051, "level": 95, "p": 0.85, "p_text": "P = .85", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.149 }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.138 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Supplement eTable 2, Panel A (binary outcomes; logistic regression with site fixed effects and covariates, average marginal effect with 95% CI), row 'Meets Moderate PHQ-8 Threshold or Higher'; N 883; arm n from Figure 2 CONSORT", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Meets Moderately Severe PHQ-8 Threshold or Higher (score above 15)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.021, "se": null, "lower": -0.051, "upper": 0.01, "level": 95, "p": 0.18, "p_text": "P = .18", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.041 }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.054 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Supplement eTable 2, Panel A (binary outcomes; logistic regression with site fixed effects and covariates, average marginal effect with 95% CI), row 'Meets Moderately Severe PHQ-8 Threshold or Higher'; N 883; arm n from Figure 2 CONSORT", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Meets Severe PHQ-8 Threshold (score above 20)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.015, "se": null, "lower": -0.035, "upper": 0.004, "level": 95, "p": 0.13, "p_text": "P = .13", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.005 }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.017 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Supplement eTable 2, Panel A (binary outcomes; logistic regression with site fixed effects and covariates, average marginal effect with 95% CI), row 'Meets Severe PHQ-8 Threshold'; N 883; arm n from Figure 2 CONSORT", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "GAD-7", "measure": "Maternal anxiety (GAD-7) total score", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.08, "se": null, "lower": -0.07, "upper": 0.23, "level": 95, "p": 0.29, "p_text": "P = .29", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Supplement eTable 3 (SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: adjustments for nonresponse, IPTW-ATT weights), 'GAD-7 Total Score' row: effect size (95% CI) dividing the covariate-adjusted effect by the low-cash group SD; N 883", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "GAD-7", "measure": "Maternal anxiety (GAD-7) total score", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.1, "se": null, "lower": -0.03, "upper": 0.24, "level": 95, "p": 0.14, "p_text": "P = .14", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Supplement eTable 3 (SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: adjustments for nonresponse, NRW-ATE non-response weights), 'GAD-7 Total Score' row: effect size (95% CI) dividing the covariate-adjusted effect by the low-cash group SD; N 883", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "GAD-7", "measure": "Maternal anxiety (GAD-7) total score", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.11, "se": null, "lower": -0.02, "upper": 0.25, "level": 95, "p": 0.1, "p_text": "P = .10", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Supplement eTable 3 (SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: adjustments for nonresponse, multiple imputation), 'GAD-7 Total Score' row: effect size (95% CI) dividing the covariate-adjusted effect by the low-cash group SD; N 995", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Maternal depression (PHQ-8) total score", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.0, "se": null, "lower": -0.15, "upper": 0.14, "level": 95, "p": 0.98, "p_text": "P = .98", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Supplement eTable 3 (SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: adjustments for nonresponse, IPTW-ATT weights), 'PHQ-8 Total Score' row: effect size (95% CI) dividing the covariate-adjusted effect by the low-cash group SD; N 883", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Maternal depression (PHQ-8) total score", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.04, "se": null, "lower": -0.09, "upper": 0.17, "level": 95, "p": 0.54, "p_text": "P = .54", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Supplement eTable 3 (SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: adjustments for nonresponse, NRW-ATE non-response weights), 'PHQ-8 Total Score' row: effect size (95% CI) dividing the covariate-adjusted effect by the low-cash group SD; N 883", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Maternal depression (PHQ-8) total score", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.05, "se": null, "lower": -0.08, "upper": 0.17, "level": 95, "p": 0.45, "p_text": "P = .45", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Supplement eTable 3 (SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: adjustments for nonresponse, multiple imputation), 'PHQ-8 Total Score' row: effect size (95% CI) dividing the covariate-adjusted effect by the low-cash group SD; N 995", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "GAD-7", "measure": "Maternal anxiety (GAD-7) total score", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.54, "se": null, "lower": -0.13, "upper": 1.21, "level": 95, "p": 0.11, "p_text": "P = .11", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 5.1, "sd": 5.02, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 4.59, "sd": 4.91, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Supplement eTable 4, Panel A (SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: receipt of a cash gift overpayment included as a covariate), 'GAD-7 Total Score' row: regression-adjusted difference (95% CI); standardized effect size 0.11 (-0.03 to 0.25); N 883", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Maternal depression (PHQ-8) total score", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.19, "se": null, "lower": -0.44, "upper": 0.82, "level": 95, "p": 0.56, "p_text": "P = .56", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 4.46, "sd": 4.61, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 4.21, "sd": 4.95, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Supplement eTable 4, Panel A (SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: receipt of a cash gift overpayment included as a covariate), 'PHQ-8 Total Score' row: regression-adjusted difference (95% CI); standardized effect size 0.04 (-0.09 to 0.17); N 883", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 2 (child's second birthday, July 2020-July 2021)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Hours of maternal work", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Receipt of the cash transfer appears to have reduced hours of maternal work during the height of the pandemic in 2020-21", "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Abstract only (no full text): 'Receipt of the cash transfer appears to have reduced hours of maternal work during the height of the pandemic in 2020-21' (sentence only; entered at Age 2, whose interviews ran July 2020-July 2021, but the abstract names a calendar period, not a wave)", "source": "pmid:40726482" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "randomized_treated": 400, "randomized_control": 600, "responded_treated": 383, "responded_control": 548, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, participant flow, Age 1 Wave: STARTED 400 and 600, COMPLETED 383 and 548 (the papers analyse 931 age-1 respondents)", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 2 (child's second birthday, July 2020-July 2021)", "randomized_treated": 400, "randomized_control": 600, "responded_treated": 377, "responded_control": 545, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, participant flow, Age 2 Wave: STARTED 397 and 599, COMPLETED 377 and 545", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 3 (child's third birthday, July 2021-July 2022)", "randomized_treated": 400, "randomized_control": 600, "responded_treated": 380, "responded_control": 542, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, participant flow, Age 3 Wave: STARTED 397 and 598, COMPLETED 380 and 542", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "randomized_treated": 400, "randomized_control": 600, "responded_treated": 375, "responded_control": 517, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, participant flow, Age 4 Wave: STARTED 395 and 589, COMPLETED 375 and 517; the JAMA Pediatrics CONSORT diagram (bfy:health-jamaped Figure 2) gives 374 high-cash and 518 low-cash with any data, 374 and 517 with valid data", "source": "NCT03593356" } ], "notes": "Comparison is the $333 high-cash gift against the $20 low-cash gift; every effect is high minus low. Main estimates are covariate-adjusted ITT regressions (site fixed effects, baseline covariates, child age, interview mode). The same results appear in several reports with different numbers, so each place is entered: the published wellbeing paper (pmid:40804074; its SSRN version prints identical main tables), the ClinicalTrials.gov posted results (rounded differently, slightly different n, p-values labeled adjusted, and apparent entry errors: the 12-month anxiety SDs repeat the depression SDs, and 24-month SEs of 1.130, 2.200, and a dispersion of 1.220 labeled standard deviation do not fit the papers' confidence intervals), the NBER/PMC year-1 paper (unadjusted and covariate-adjusted columns), the Social Service Review employment paper, and JAMA Pediatrics with its supplement (age 4). Sensitivity analyses on the whole sample are entered too and tagged 'SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS' in where (SSRN Appendix Tables 7-9; JAMA eTable 3 and eTable 4 Panel A); left out: JAMA eTable 4 Panel B (drops 22 overpayment cases), SSRN Appendix Table 5B (same estimates, other p-value families), and subscales in SSRN Appendix Table 4 (perceived stress distress/coping, parenting aggravation/competence, Beck somatic/psychological). Pooled ages 1-3 estimates match no wave and are left out. Hair cortisol, the economic stress index, and HOPE agency are not codebook outcomes. The Perceived Stress Scale had 9 of its 10 items at ages 1 and 2 and all 10 at age 3; the 9-item age-3 version is entered separately. Anxiety was measured by the Beck Anxiety Inventory at ages 1 and 3 and the GAD-7 at ages 2, 3, and 4. Parenting stress is entered as class stress (instrument other). No baseline measure of these scales exists (baseline depression used the CES-D), so baseline_sd is null. Abstract-only reports give pooled statements that match no wave and are left out: no overall differences over four years in paid work or household earnings (pmid:40726482), and none in paid work or subjective wellbeing over the first three years (pmid:38907028); the pandemic-period hours statement is entered at Age 2 as a sentence. No employment or hours results are printed for ages 2 and 3 apart from that sentence, and none for hours at age 4. Attrition uses the registry's participant flow. The non-result files (bfy:mh-covid-imhj, bfy:brief-age4) have no group comparisons for these outcomes." }, { "trial": "T13", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (10-item Kessler scale, K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.22, "se": 0.52, "lower": -2.13, "upper": -0.16, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "p<0.05", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 142, "mean": 19.55, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 230, "mean": 20.77, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix, Table 10: Comparative Analysis, Kessler Psychological Distress, 6 months row, Recurring Monthly Payment vs. Control columns (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (10-item Kessler scale, K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.63, "se": 0.51, "lower": -1.1, "upper": 0.84, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 151, "mean": 21.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 230, "mean": 20.77, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix, Table 10: Comparative Analysis, Kessler Psychological Distress, 6 months row, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control columns (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (10-item Kessler scale, K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.11, "se": 0.53, "lower": -2.12, "upper": 0.17, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 132, "mean": 20.16, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 231, "mean": 21.27, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix, Table 10: Comparative Analysis, Kessler Psychological Distress, 12 months row, Recurring Monthly Payment vs. Control columns (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (10-item Kessler scale, K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.58, "se": 0.6, "lower": -1.61, "upper": 0.77, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 147, "mean": 21.85, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 231, "mean": 21.27, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix, Table 10: Comparative Analysis, Kessler Psychological Distress, 12 months row, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control columns (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (10-item Kessler scale, K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.2, "se": 0.53, "lower": -2.12, "upper": -0.02, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "p<0.05", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 157, "mean": 20.32, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 241, "mean": 21.52, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix, Table 10: Comparative Analysis, Kessler Psychological Distress, 18 months row, Recurring Monthly Payment vs. Control columns (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (10-item Kessler scale, K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.73, "se": 0.53, "lower": -1.01, "upper": 1.04, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 167, "mean": 22.25, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 241, "mean": 21.52, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix, Table 10: Comparative Analysis, Kessler Psychological Distress, 18 months row, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control columns (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, time of the last payment)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (10-item Kessler scale, K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.92, "se": 0.56, "lower": -1.92, "upper": 0.34, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 168, "mean": 20.15, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 261, "mean": 21.07, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix, Table 10: Comparative Analysis, Kessler Psychological Distress, 24 months row, Recurring Monthly Payment vs. Control columns (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, time of the last payment)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (10-item Kessler scale, K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.71, "se": 0.53, "lower": -1.04, "upper": 0.93, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 166, "mean": 21.78, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 261, "mean": 21.07, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix, Table 10: Comparative Analysis, Kessler Psychological Distress, 24 months row, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control columns (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "30 months (April 2024, 6 months after the last payment)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (10-item Kessler scale, K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.36, "se": 0.63, "lower": -1.47, "upper": 1.11, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 165, "mean": 20.71, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 281, "mean": 21.07, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix, Table 10: Comparative Analysis, Kessler Psychological Distress, 30 months row, Recurring Monthly Payment vs. Control columns (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "30 months (April 2024, 6 months after the last payment)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (10-item Kessler scale, K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.2, "se": 0.67, "lower": -0.71, "upper": 1.83, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 163, "mean": 22.27, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 281, "mean": 21.07, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix, Table 10: Comparative Analysis, Kessler Psychological Distress, 30 months row, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control columns (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress (four-item Perceived Stress Scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.31, "se": 0.21, "lower": -0.48, "upper": 0.35, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 142, "mean": 6.89, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 230, "mean": 7.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix, Table 10: Comparative Analysis, Perceived Stress, 6 months row, Recurring Monthly Payment vs. Control columns (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress (four-item Perceived Stress Scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.02, "se": 0.21, "lower": -0.3, "upper": 0.56, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 151, "mean": 7.22, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 230, "mean": 7.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix, Table 10: Comparative Analysis, Perceived Stress, 6 months row, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control columns (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress (four-item Perceived Stress Scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.05, "se": 0.23, "lower": -0.24, "upper": 0.64, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 132, "mean": 6.99, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 231, "mean": 7.04, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix, Table 10: Comparative Analysis, Perceived Stress, 12 months row, Recurring Monthly Payment vs. Control columns (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress (four-item Perceived Stress Scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.38, "se": 0.21, "lower": 0.1, "upper": 0.91, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "p<0.05", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 147, "mean": 7.42, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 231, "mean": 7.04, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix, Table 10: Comparative Analysis, Perceived Stress, 12 months row, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control columns (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress (four-item Perceived Stress Scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.17, "se": 0.2, "lower": -0.32, "upper": 0.47, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 157, "mean": 6.94, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 241, "mean": 7.11, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix, Table 10: Comparative Analysis, Perceived Stress, 18 months row, Recurring Monthly Payment vs. Control columns (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress (four-item Perceived Stress Scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.22, "se": 0.22, "lower": -0.08, "upper": 0.75, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 167, "mean": 7.33, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 241, "mean": 7.11, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix, Table 10: Comparative Analysis, Perceived Stress, 18 months row, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control columns (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, time of the last payment)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress (four-item Perceived Stress Scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.41, "se": 0.22, "lower": -0.59, "upper": 0.26, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 168, "mean": 6.81, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 261, "mean": 7.22, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix, Table 10: Comparative Analysis, Perceived Stress, 24 months row, Recurring Monthly Payment vs. Control columns (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, time of the last payment)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress (four-item Perceived Stress Scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.19, "se": 0.21, "lower": -0.12, "upper": 0.72, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 166, "mean": 7.41, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 261, "mean": 7.22, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix, Table 10: Comparative Analysis, Perceived Stress, 24 months row, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control columns (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "30 months (April 2024, 6 months after the last payment)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress (four-item Perceived Stress Scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.02, "se": 0.23, "lower": -0.24, "upper": 0.66, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 165, "mean": 7.15, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 281, "mean": 7.17, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix, Table 10: Comparative Analysis, Perceived Stress, 30 months row, Recurring Monthly Payment vs. Control columns (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "30 months (April 2024, 6 months after the last payment)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress (four-item Perceived Stress Scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.42, "se": 0.22, "lower": 0.14, "upper": 0.96, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "p<0.05", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 163, "mean": 7.59, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 281, "mean": 7.17, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix, Table 10: Comparative Analysis, Perceived Stress, 30 months row, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control columns (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Psychological distress (K-10 scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.1, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.03, "p_text": "p=0.03", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 142, "mean": 19.55, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 230, "mean": 20.77, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 35, Impacts on Mental Well-Being, Stress, and the Household Environment (recurring payments): B coefficient (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Psychological distress (K-10 scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.99, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.06, "p_text": "p=0.06", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 132, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 231, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 35, Impacts on Mental Well-Being, Stress, and the Household Environment (recurring payments): B coefficient (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Psychological distress (K-10 scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.08, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.04, "p_text": "p=0.04", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 157, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 241, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 35, Impacts on Mental Well-Being, Stress, and the Household Environment (recurring payments): B coefficient (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "other", "measure": "K-10 distress component: feeling depressed (component of the 10-item Kessler scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.68, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.04, "p_text": "p=0.04", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 142, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 230, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 35: 'Looking at distress components measured by the K-10 scale, recurring recipients reported feeling less depressed ... and less anxious ...' (B coefficient; n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "other", "measure": "K-10 distress component: feeling depressed (component of the 10-item Kessler scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.69, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.04, "p_text": "p=0.04", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 132, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 231, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 35: 'Looking at distress components measured by the K-10 scale, recurring recipients reported feeling less depressed ... and less anxious ...' (B coefficient; n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "K-10 distress component: feeling anxious (component of the 10-item Kessler scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.42, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.03, "p_text": "p=0.03", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 142, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 230, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 35: 'Looking at distress components measured by the K-10 scale, recurring recipients reported feeling less depressed ... and less anxious ...' (B coefficient; n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "K-10 distress component: feeling anxious (component of the 10-item Kessler scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.54, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.02, "p_text": "p=0.02", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 157, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 241, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 35: 'Looking at distress components measured by the K-10 scale, recurring recipients reported feeling less depressed ... and less anxious ...' (B coefficient; n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Proportion reporting lower stress levels (four-item Perceived Stress Scale)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 142, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 35 }, "control": { "n": 230, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 27 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 35: 'The proportion of recurring payment participants reporting lower stress levels ... (35% vs. 27% at 6 months; 29% vs. 25% at 12 months; 28% vs. 29% at 18 months; and 25% vs. 31% at 24 months)'; text says not statistically significant (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Proportion reporting lower stress levels (four-item Perceived Stress Scale)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 132, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 29 }, "control": { "n": 231, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 25 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 35: 'The proportion of recurring payment participants reporting lower stress levels ... (35% vs. 27% at 6 months; 29% vs. 25% at 12 months; 28% vs. 29% at 18 months; and 25% vs. 31% at 24 months)'; text says not statistically significant (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Proportion reporting lower stress levels (four-item Perceived Stress Scale)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 157, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 28 }, "control": { "n": 241, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 29 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 35: 'The proportion of recurring payment participants reporting lower stress levels ... (35% vs. 27% at 6 months; 29% vs. 25% at 12 months; 28% vs. 29% at 18 months; and 25% vs. 31% at 24 months)'; text says not statistically significant (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, time of the last payment)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Proportion reporting lower stress levels (four-item Perceived Stress Scale)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 168, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 25 }, "control": { "n": 261, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 31 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 35: 'The proportion of recurring payment participants reporting lower stress levels ... (35% vs. 27% at 6 months; 29% vs. 25% at 12 months; 28% vs. 29% at 18 months; and 25% vs. 31% at 24 months)'; text says not statistically significant (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived stress (four-item Perceived Stress Scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.49, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.02, "p_text": "p=0.02", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 147, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 231, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 50, Impacts on Mental Well-Being, Stress, and the Household Environment (lump-sum): 'significantly higher stress ... at both the end of the first year (B=0.49, p=0.02) and 6 months after payments ended (B=0.54, p=0.01)' (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "30 months (April 2024, 6 months after the last payment)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived stress (four-item Perceived Stress Scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.54, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.01, "p_text": "p=0.01", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 163, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 281, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 50, Impacts on Mental Well-Being, Stress, and the Household Environment (lump-sum): 'significantly higher stress ... at both the end of the first year (B=0.49, p=0.02) and 6 months after payments ended (B=0.54, p=0.01)' (n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Participants likely mentally well (K-10 score in the 'likely to be well' range)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 151, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 49 }, "control": { "n": 230, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 49 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 10: Participants Likely Mentally Well, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control, 6 months bars (labels printed on the figure; n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Participants likely mentally well (K-10 score in the 'likely to be well' range)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 147, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 48 }, "control": { "n": 231, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 48 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 10: Participants Likely Mentally Well, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control, 12 months bars (labels printed on the figure; n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Participants likely mentally well (K-10 score in the 'likely to be well' range)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 167, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 48 }, "control": { "n": 241, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 49 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 10: Participants Likely Mentally Well, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control, 18 months bars (labels printed on the figure; n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, time of the last payment)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Participants likely mentally well (K-10 score in the 'likely to be well' range)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 166, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 48 }, "control": { "n": 261, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 49 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 10: Participants Likely Mentally Well, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control, 24 months bars (labels printed on the figure; n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "30 months (April 2024, 6 months after the last payment)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Participants likely mentally well (K-10 score in the 'likely to be well' range)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 163, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 52 }, "control": { "n": 281, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 49 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 10: Participants Likely Mentally Well, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control, 30 months bars (labels printed on the figure; n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time (Census employment status)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 142, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 9 }, "control": { "n": 230, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 12 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 5: Employment Trends over Time, Recurring Payment vs. Control (in %), 'Employed full time' row, 6 months (no significance marker; n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time (Census employment status)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 132, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 8 }, "control": { "n": 231, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 10 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 5: Employment Trends over Time, Recurring Payment vs. Control (in %), 'Employed full time' row, 12 months (no significance marker; n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time (Census employment status)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 157, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 10 }, "control": { "n": 241, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 10 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 5: Employment Trends over Time, Recurring Payment vs. Control (in %), 'Employed full time' row, 18 months (no significance marker; n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, time of the last payment)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time (Census employment status)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 168, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 10 }, "control": { "n": 261, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 9 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 5: Employment Trends over Time, Recurring Payment vs. Control (in %), 'Employed full time' row, 24 months (no significance marker; n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "30 months (April 2024, 6 months after the last payment)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time (Census employment status)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 165, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 13 }, "control": { "n": 281, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 10 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 5: Employment Trends over Time, Recurring Payment vs. Control (in %), 'Employed full time' row, 30 months (no significance marker; n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time (Census employment status)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 151, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 15 }, "control": { "n": 230, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 12 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 8: Employment over Time, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control (in %), 'Employed full time' row, 6 months (no significance marker; n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time (Census employment status)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 147, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 16 }, "control": { "n": 231, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 10 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 8: Employment over Time, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control (in %), 'Employed full time' row, 12 months (no significance marker; n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time (Census employment status)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 167, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 15 }, "control": { "n": 241, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 10 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 8: Employment over Time, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control (in %), 'Employed full time' row, 18 months (no significance marker; n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, time of the last payment)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time (Census employment status)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 166, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 14 }, "control": { "n": 261, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 9 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 8: Employment over Time, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control (in %), 'Employed full time' row, 24 months (no significance marker; n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "30 months (April 2024, 6 months after the last payment)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time (Census employment status)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 163, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 14 }, "control": { "n": 281, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 10 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 8: Employment over Time, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control (in %), 'Employed full time' row, 30 months (no significance marker; n from Table 9)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 478, "responded_treated": 142, "responded_control": 230, "where": "Appendix, Table 9: Sample Attrition, 6 months row (Baseline row: 478 control, 200 recurring, 200 lump-sum)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 478, "responded_treated": 151, "responded_control": 230, "where": "Appendix, Table 9: Sample Attrition, 6 months row (Baseline row: 478 control, 200 recurring, 200 lump-sum)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 478, "responded_treated": 132, "responded_control": 231, "where": "Appendix, Table 9: Sample Attrition, 12 months row (Baseline row: 478 control, 200 recurring, 200 lump-sum)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 478, "responded_treated": 147, "responded_control": 231, "where": "Appendix, Table 9: Sample Attrition, 12 months row (Baseline row: 478 control, 200 recurring, 200 lump-sum)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 478, "responded_treated": 157, "responded_control": 241, "where": "Appendix, Table 9: Sample Attrition, 18 months row (Baseline row: 478 control, 200 recurring, 200 lump-sum)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 478, "responded_treated": 167, "responded_control": 241, "where": "Appendix, Table 9: Sample Attrition, 18 months row (Baseline row: 478 control, 200 recurring, 200 lump-sum)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, time of the last payment)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 478, "responded_treated": 168, "responded_control": 261, "where": "Appendix, Table 9: Sample Attrition, 24 months row (Baseline row: 478 control, 200 recurring, 200 lump-sum)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, time of the last payment)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 478, "responded_treated": 166, "responded_control": 261, "where": "Appendix, Table 9: Sample Attrition, 24 months row (Baseline row: 478 control, 200 recurring, 200 lump-sum)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "30 months (April 2024, 6 months after the last payment)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 478, "responded_treated": 165, "responded_control": 281, "where": "Appendix, Table 9: Sample Attrition, 30 months row (Baseline row: 478 control, 200 recurring, 200 lump-sum)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "30 months (April 2024, 6 months after the last payment)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 478, "responded_treated": 163, "responded_control": 281, "where": "Appendix, Table 9: Sample Attrition, 30 months row (Baseline row: 478 control, 200 recurring, 200 lump-sum)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" } ], "notes": "Table 10 effects come from linear mixed-effects models with fixed effects for treatment, time, and their interaction and random intercepts (no covariates named), fitted after multiple imputation (MICE), with bootstrapped standard errors; the table's footnote calls the arm means 'adjusted average score'. Coded as unadjusted differences. Significance is marked by asterisks (* p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001); some estimates are printed in brackets without an asterisk (K-10 recurring at 12 months, [-1.11]). Some printed 95% CIs do not contain their estimates (e.g. lump-sum K-10 at 6 months 0.63 [-1.10, 0.84]; lump-sum K-10 at 30 months 1.20 [-0.71, 1.83]); copied as printed. Arm n is the number of respondents at each wave from Table 9; the report imputed missing data, so the number analysed may differ. The text on p. 35 gives K-10 coefficients for recurring vs control at 6, 12, and 18 months (B=-1.10, -0.99, -1.08) that differ from Table 10 (-1.22, -1.11, -1.20), and the text on p. 50 gives perceived-stress coefficients for lump-sum vs control at 12 and 30 months (B=0.49, 0.54) that differ from Table 10 (0.38, 0.42); both are given. K-10 depression and anxiety components are printed only for the waves where they were significant (recurring arm). Only full-time employment is printed as one share (Tables 5 and 8 list part-time or seasonal, self-employed, and gig work as separate rows), so there is no employed_any entry; the executive summary says differences in full- and part-time employment were null. The SF-36 was administered but only general health, physical functioning, and role limitations due to physical health are reported (no mental-health subscale). Hours and earnings are not reported (only annual household income). The second Newark report (CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ-2) covers housing, parenting, and education and has no results for these outcomes." }, { "trial": "T15", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "6 months (June 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.16, "se": 0.66, "lower": -1.58, "upper": 0.99, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 203, "mean": 22.03, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 165, "mean": 22.19, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix A, Table 15: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Kessler Psychological Distress, 6 months row (robust SE; n from Table 16)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "12 months (December 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.28, "se": 0.67, "lower": -2.74, "upper": -0.01, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "p<0.05", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 203, "mean": 21.99, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 169, "mean": 23.27, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix A, Table 15: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Kessler Psychological Distress, 12 months row (robust SE; n from Table 16)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "18 months (June 2023, end of payments)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.19, "se": 0.7, "lower": -1.69, "upper": 1.05, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 217, "mean": 21.91, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 176, "mean": 22.1, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix A, Table 15: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Kessler Psychological Distress, 18 months row (robust SE; n from Table 16)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "24 months (January 2024, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.33, "se": 0.71, "lower": -1.86, "upper": 0.94, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 221, "mean": 22.3, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 180, "mean": 22.63, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix A, Table 15: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Kessler Psychological Distress, 24 months row (robust SE; n from Table 16)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "6 months (June 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (perceived stress levels)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.17, "se": 0.27, "lower": -0.73, "upper": 0.33, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 203, "mean": 7.79, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 165, "mean": 7.96, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix A, Table 15: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Perceived Stress Levels, 6 months row (robust SE; n from Table 16)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "12 months (December 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (perceived stress levels)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.13, "se": 0.27, "lower": -0.69, "upper": 0.35, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 203, "mean": 7.59, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 169, "mean": 7.72, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix A, Table 15: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Perceived Stress Levels, 12 months row (robust SE; n from Table 16)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "18 months (June 2023, end of payments)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (perceived stress levels)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.21, "se": 0.27, "lower": -0.35, "upper": 0.69, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 217, "mean": 7.87, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 176, "mean": 7.66, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix A, Table 15: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Perceived Stress Levels, 18 months row (robust SE; n from Table 16)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "24 months (January 2024, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (perceived stress levels)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.17, "se": 0.27, "lower": -0.39, "upper": 0.67, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 221, "mean": 7.78, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 180, "mean": 7.61, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix A, Table 15: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Perceived Stress Levels, 24 months row (robust SE; n from Table 16)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "12 months (December 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.42, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.035, "p_text": "p=0.035", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 203, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 169, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, pp. 31-32: 'By the 12-month time point, a statistically significant attenuation in distress scores was observed in the treatment group (B=-1.42, p=0.035)' (n from Table 16)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "12 months (December 2022)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale depression sub-score", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.89, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.035, "p_text": "p=0.035", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 203, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 169, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 31: '... primarily driven by a reduction in the depression sub-score (B=-0.89, p=0.035)' (n from Table 16)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "12 months (December 2022)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale anxiety sub-score", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no significant change", "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": 203, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 169, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, pp. 31-32: '... while the anxiety sub-score showed no significant change' (sentence only, no number)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "6 months (June 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 203, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 16 }, "control": { "n": 165, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 14 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 11: Trends in Employment over Time (in %), 'Employed FT' row, 6 months (no significance marker; n from Table 16)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "12 months (December 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 203, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 19 }, "control": { "n": 169, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 17 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 11: Trends in Employment over Time (in %), 'Employed FT' row, 12 months (no significance marker; n from Table 16)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "18 months (June 2023, end of payments)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 217, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 23 }, "control": { "n": 176, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 18 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 11: Trends in Employment over Time (in %), 'Employed FT' row, 18 months (no significance marker; n from Table 16)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "24 months (January 2024, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 221, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 26 }, "control": { "n": 180, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 18 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 11: Trends in Employment over Time (in %), 'Employed FT' row, 24 months (no significance marker; n from Table 16)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "6 months (June 2022)", "randomized_treated": 300, "randomized_control": 360, "responded_treated": 203, "responded_control": 165, "where": "Appendix B, Table 16: Sample Attrition, 6 months row (Baseline: 300 treatment, 360 control)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "12 months (December 2022)", "randomized_treated": 300, "randomized_control": 360, "responded_treated": 203, "responded_control": 169, "where": "Appendix B, Table 16: Sample Attrition, 12 months row (Baseline: 300 treatment, 360 control)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "18 months (June 2023, end of payments)", "randomized_treated": 300, "randomized_control": 360, "responded_treated": 217, "responded_control": 176, "where": "Appendix B, Table 16: Sample Attrition, 18 months row (Baseline: 300 treatment, 360 control)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "24 months (January 2024, 6 months after payments ended)", "randomized_treated": 300, "randomized_control": 360, "responded_treated": 221, "responded_control": 180, "where": "Appendix B, Table 16: Sample Attrition, 24 months row (Baseline: 300 treatment, 360 control)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" } ], "notes": "Table 15 effects come from linear mixed-effects models (fixed effects for treatment, time, and their interaction, random intercepts; no covariates named; the methods also mention GEE and regression-adjusted means) fitted after multiple imputation (MICE); the footnote calls the arm means 'adjusted average score'. Coded as unadjusted differences. Significance: * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001. Arm n is the number of respondents at each wave from Table 16; the report imputed missing data, so the number analysed may differ. The report does not state the number of items of the Kessler or Perceived Stress scales: Kessler means near 22 with 'clinical threshold strata for mild mental disorder' fit the K10 scored 10-50, and Perceived Stress means near 7.6 fit the four-item scale scored 0-16, so they are coded K10 and PSS-4. The text gives the 12-month Kessler coefficient as B=-1.42 (p=0.035), different from Table 15 (-1.28); both are given. The text says about 80% of both groups were in the moderate-to-high stress range at all time points (no exact shares by wave), so no binary stress entry. Only full-time employment is printed as one share (Table 11 lists part-time or seasonal, business owner/self-employed, and gig work as separate rows), so there is no employed_any entry. SF-36 results printed are general health, physical limitations, and health limits (no mental-health subscale). Hours and earnings are not reported." }, { "trial": "T17", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.72, "se": 1.06, "lower": -2.8, "upper": 1.37, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 62, "mean": 21.19, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 56, "mean": 23.33, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 12: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Kessler Psychological Distress, 6 months row (robust SE; no significance marker; n from Table 11; same arm means in Table 5: Kessler Psychological Distress Scores over Time)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.9, "se": 1.26, "lower": -3.36, "upper": 1.57, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 89, "mean": 22.92, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 73, "mean": 25.23, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 12: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Kessler Psychological Distress, 12 months row (robust SE; no significance marker; n from Table 11; same arm means in Table 5: Kessler Psychological Distress Scores over Time)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.28, "se": 1.2, "lower": -1.07, "upper": 3.64, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 86, "mean": 24.47, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 68, "mean": 24.61, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 12: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Kessler Psychological Distress, 18 months row (robust SE; no significance marker; n from Table 11; same arm means in Table 5: Kessler Psychological Distress Scores over Time)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.46, "se": 1.24, "lower": -1.97, "upper": 2.9, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 84, "mean": 23.5, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 66, "mean": 24.45, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 12: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Kessler Psychological Distress, 24 months row (robust SE; no significance marker; n from Table 11; same arm means in Table 5: Kessler Psychological Distress Scores over Time)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (perceived stress levels)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.15, "se": 0.45, "lower": -1.02, "upper": 0.72, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 62, "mean": 7.44, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 56, "mean": 7.66, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 12: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Perceived Stress Levels, 6 months row (robust SE; no significance marker; n from Table 11)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (perceived stress levels)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.19, "se": 0.41, "lower": -1.0, "upper": 0.63, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 89, "mean": 7.9, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 73, "mean": 8.16, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 12: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Perceived Stress Levels, 12 months row (robust SE; no significance marker; n from Table 11)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (perceived stress levels)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.02, "se": 0.43, "lower": -0.84, "upper": 0.87, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 86, "mean": 8.12, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 68, "mean": 8.17, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 12: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Perceived Stress Levels, 18 months row (robust SE; no significance marker; n from Table 11)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (perceived stress levels)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.13, "se": 0.47, "lower": -1.04, "upper": 0.79, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 84, "mean": 7.9, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 66, "mean": 8.1, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 12: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Perceived Stress Levels, 24 months row (robust SE; no significance marker; n from Table 11)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 62, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 22 }, "control": { "n": 56, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 23 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 4: Employment Trends over Time, Treatment vs. Control (%), 'Employed full time' row, 6 months (n from Table 11)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 89, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 26 }, "control": { "n": 73, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 25 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 4: Employment Trends over Time, Treatment vs. Control (%), 'Employed full time' row, 12 months (n from Table 11)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 86, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 25 }, "control": { "n": 68, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 28 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 4: Employment Trends over Time, Treatment vs. Control (%), 'Employed full time' row, 18 months (n from Table 11)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 84, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 33 }, "control": { "n": 66, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 30 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 4: Employment Trends over Time, Treatment vs. Control (%), 'Employed full time' row, 24 months (n from Table 11)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": 62, "responded_control": 56, "where": "Appendix A, Table 11: Sample Attrition, 6 months row (Baseline: 110 treatment, 132 control)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": 89, "responded_control": 73, "where": "Appendix A, Table 11: Sample Attrition, 12 months row (Baseline: 110 treatment, 132 control)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": 86, "responded_control": 68, "where": "Appendix A, Table 11: Sample Attrition, 18 months row (Baseline: 110 treatment, 132 control)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": 84, "responded_control": 66, "where": "Appendix A, Table 11: Sample Attrition, 24 months row (Baseline: 110 treatment, 132 control)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" } ], "notes": "Table 12 effects come from a linear mixed-effects model (group, time, random effects) fitted after multiple imputation (MICE). Unlike the arm means, each printed 'estimated impact' equals the treatment-control difference at that wave minus the baseline difference (the treatment-by-time interaction), so it is coded as adjusted for baseline (adjusted_difference); the footnote calls the arm means 'adjusted average score'. No Kessler or perceived-stress estimate is marked significant, and the text says the groups never differed significantly on either. Arm n is the number of respondents at each wave from Table 11; the report imputed missing data, so the number analysed may differ. The report does not state the number of items: Kessler cut-offs (<20 likely well, 20-24 mild, 25-29 moderate) fit the K10 scored 10-50, and Perceived Stress means of 7 to 9 fit the four-item scale, so they are coded K10 and PSS-4. Only full-time employment is printed as one share (Table 4 lists part-time/seasonal, business owner/self-employed, and gig work as separate rows), so there is no employed_any entry; Table 4 prints no significance markers. SF-36 results printed are general health, physical limitations, and health limits (no mental-health subscale). Hours and earnings are not reported." }, { "trial": "T22", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "6 months (May 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.26, "se": 0.91, "lower": -3.04, "upper": 0.52, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 102, "mean": 22.03, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 99, "mean": 23.29, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix B, Table 4: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Kessler Psychological Distress, 6 months row (n from Table 3)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "12 months (November 2022, as the cash ended)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.57, "se": 0.97, "lower": -2.49, "upper": 1.35, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 99, "mean": 22.05, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 106, "mean": 22.62, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix B, Table 4: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Kessler Psychological Distress, 12 months row (n from Table 3)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "18 months (May 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.02, "se": 1.04, "lower": -1.9, "upper": 1.94, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 94, "mean": 22.95, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 96, "mean": 22.93, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix B, Table 4: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Kessler Psychological Distress, 18 months row (n from Table 3)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "6 months (May 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (perceived stress levels)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.06, "se": 0.39, "lower": -1.83, "upper": -0.29, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "p<0.01", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 102, "mean": 6.9, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 99, "mean": 7.95, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix B, Table 4: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Perceived Stress Levels, 6 months row (n from Table 3)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "12 months (November 2022, as the cash ended)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (perceived stress levels)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.26, "se": 0.41, "lower": -1.07, "upper": 0.54, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 99, "mean": 6.93, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 106, "mean": 7.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix B, Table 4: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Perceived Stress Levels, 12 months row (n from Table 3)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "18 months (May 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (perceived stress levels)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.51, "se": 0.4, "lower": -1.31, "upper": 0.29, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 94, "mean": 6.91, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 96, "mean": 7.42, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix B, Table 4: Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures, Perceived Stress Levels, 18 months row (n from Table 3)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "18 months (May 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (overall Kessler score)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.02, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no significant difference", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 94, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 96, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, psychological well-being section (p. 37): 'by 18 months ... overall distress levels showed no significant difference from the control (mean difference=-0.02)' (n from Table 3)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "6 months (May 2022)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Anxiety levels (anxiety component of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.37, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 102, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 99, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, psychological well-being section (p. 37): 'By the 6-month follow-up, the treatment group showed a notable decrease in both the overall Kessler score (mean difference=-1.26) and anxiety levels (mean difference=-0.37) compared to the control group' (n from Table 3)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "12 months (November 2022, as the cash ended)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Average Anxiety (panel of an unnumbered figure)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": 99, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 106, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Unnumbered line figure on p. 33, 'Average Anxiety' panel, 12 months: figure only, no numbers printed (figure text is garbled in the file); the text says by 18 months the treatment group's anxiety rose above its baseline", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "18 months (May 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Average Anxiety (panel of an unnumbered figure)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": 94, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 96, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Unnumbered line figure on p. 33, 'Average Anxiety' panel, 18 months: figure only, no numbers printed (figure text is garbled in the file); the text says by 18 months the treatment group's anxiety rose above its baseline", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "6 months (May 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Low Stress (share of participants; panel of an unnumbered figure)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": 102, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 99, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Unnumbered line figure on p. 33, 'Low Stress' panel, 6 months: figure only, no numbers printed (figure text is garbled in the file)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "12 months (November 2022, as the cash ended)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Low Stress (share of participants; panel of an unnumbered figure)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": 99, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 106, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Unnumbered line figure on p. 33, 'Low Stress' panel, 12 months: figure only, no numbers printed (figure text is garbled in the file)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "18 months (May 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Low Stress (share of participants; panel of an unnumbered figure)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": 94, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 96, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Unnumbered line figure on p. 33, 'Low Stress' panel, 18 months: figure only, no numbers printed (figure text is garbled in the file)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "6 months (May 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time (self-reported employment status)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 102, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 65 }, "control": { "n": 99, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 50 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, Employment section (p. 40): '65% vs. 50% at 6 months' (x2=4.59, p=0.03); Figure 4 (Trends in Employment Status) prints no numbers (n from Table 3)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "12 months (November 2022, as the cash ended)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time (self-reported employment status)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 99, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 62 }, "control": { "n": 106, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 55 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, Employment section (p. 40): '62% vs. 55% at 12 months'; Figure 4 (Trends in Employment Status) prints no numbers (n from Table 3)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "18 months (May 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time (self-reported employment status)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 94, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 66 }, "control": { "n": 96, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 50 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, Employment section (p. 40): '66% vs. 50% at 18 months'; Figure 4 (Trends in Employment Status) prints no numbers (n from Table 3)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "6 months (May 2022)", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": 102, "responded_control": 99, "where": "Appendix A, Table 3: Sample Attrition, 6 months row (Baseline: 110 treatment, 132 control)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "12 months (November 2022, as the cash ended)", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": 99, "responded_control": 106, "where": "Appendix A, Table 3: Sample Attrition, 12 months row (Baseline: 110 treatment, 132 control)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "18 months (May 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": 94, "responded_control": 96, "where": "Appendix A, Table 3: Sample Attrition, 18 months row (Baseline: 110 treatment, 132 control)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" } ], "notes": "Table 4 effects come from GEE 'regression-adjusted means' fitted after multiple imputation (MICE); no covariates are named and each printed mean difference equals the difference of the two printed arm means at that wave, so they are coded as unadjusted differences. Significance: * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001. Arm n is the number of respondents at each wave from Table 3; the report imputed missing data, so the number analysed may differ. The report does not state the number of items: Kessler means near 23 ('mild mental distress') fit the K10 scored 10-50 and Perceived Stress means near 7-8 fit the four-item scale, so they are coded K10 and PSS-4. The text gives the 18-month Kessler mean difference as -0.02, while Table 4 prints 0.02 (control 22.93, treatment 22.95); both are given. The 6-month anxiety result (mean difference -0.37) is printed only in the text; an unnumbered figure with 'Low Stress', 'Low Chaos', and 'Average Anxiety' panels shows treatment and control lines at each wave but prints no numbers (entries with null numbers). The text's statement that anxiety stayed high in both groups (75% to 71% control, 70% to 65% treatment, in the food-security section) gives only start and end values with no wave, so it is left out. Full-time employment shares come from the text (Figure 4 prints no numbers); the text says the treatment group was significantly more likely to be employed full time at every time point but prints a test only for baseline and 6 months. No employed_any share is printed. SF-36 results printed are general health, health limits, and physical (no mental-health subscale). Hours and earnings are not reported." }, { "trial": "T23", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T23-1", "wave": "Wave 3 (April 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.53, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "statistically non-significant", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 32: 'The observed mean difference at Wave 3 was 0.53, indicating a negative direction (i.e., marginally increased stress) for the treatment group ... albeit statistically non-significant' (no n printed for Wave 3)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-UlsterCounty-NY" }, { "comparison": "T23-1", "wave": "Wave 4 / endline (October 2022, shortly after the GI ended)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.1, "se": 1.61, "lower": -3.77, "upper": 2.62, "level": 95, "p": 0.72, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 39, "mean": 20.54, "sd": 8.86, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 41, "mean": 20.44, "sd": 10.32, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix B: Comparison of Treatment ($500 GI) vs. Control Groups on Various Measures at Baseline and Endline, 'Kessler' row (endline means; mean difference at Wave 4; p from linear regression controlling for baseline)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-UlsterCounty-NY" }, { "comparison": "T23-1", "wave": "Wave 4 / endline (October 2022, shortly after the GI ended)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.24, "se": 0.42, "lower": -0.43, "upper": 1.25, "level": 95, "p": 0.34, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 40, "mean": 8.85, "sd": 1.76, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 41, "mean": 8.61, "sd": 2.08, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix B: Comparison of Treatment ($500 GI) vs. Control Groups on Various Measures at Baseline and Endline, 'Perceived Stress' row (endline means; mean difference at Wave 4; p from linear regression controlling for baseline)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-UlsterCounty-NY" }, { "comparison": "T23-1", "wave": "Wave 4 / endline (October 2022, shortly after the GI ended)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed Full-Time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 32, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 59 }, "control": { "n": 34, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 47 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 3. Change in Employment Status, Endline rows, 'Employed Full-Time' column ('For employment: Treatment=32, Control=34')", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-UlsterCounty-NY" }, { "comparison": "T23-1", "wave": "Wave 4 / endline (October 2022, shortly after the GI ended)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Combined percentage of full- and part-time employed", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 32, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 75 }, "control": { "n": 34, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 59 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 24: 'the higher combined percentage of full- and part-time employed in the treatment group (75%) compared to the control group (59%) by Wave 4' (n from Table 3)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-UlsterCounty-NY" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T23-1", "wave": "Wave 3 (April 2022)", "randomized_treated": 61, "randomized_control": 84, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Methods, p. 12 ('The study enrolled 61 participants in the treatment group and 84 in the control group') and Table 1 (sample size 61 and 84); no Wave 3 response count printed", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-UlsterCounty-NY" }, { "comparison": "T23-1", "wave": "Wave 4 / endline (October 2022, shortly after the GI ended)", "randomized_treated": 61, "randomized_control": 84, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Methods, p. 12 and Table 1 (61 treatment, 84 control); no Wave 4 response count printed: Appendix B gives complete-case sample sizes by measure at endline (SF-36 42 and 47, Perceived Stress 40 and 41, Kessler 39 and 41) and Table 3 gives 32 and 34 for employment", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-UlsterCounty-NY" } ], "notes": "The report analysed complete cases only. The study sample is 61 treatment and 84 control participants (Table 1, Methods), although the program paid 100 households; attrition entries use 61 and 84. In Appendix B the printed 'mean difference' is the raw difference of the endline means, while the p-values come from linear regression controlling for baseline values; the printed 95% CIs and standard errors are not centred on the printed differences (Kessler 0.10 [-3.77, 2.62]; Perceived Stress 0.24 [-0.43, 1.25]), which suggests they come from the baseline-adjusted model. Copied as printed, with kind 'difference'. Appendix B's standard deviations are for each group, with no time stated (taken as endline). Baseline means differed (Kessler 22.00 vs 21.02; Perceived Stress 7.80 vs 6.80; full-time employment 50% vs 32%). The report does not state the number of Perceived Stress items; means of 7 to 9 fit the four-item scale, so it is coded PSS-4. Wave 3 results are printed only for the Kessler scale, in the text, with no n. The employed_any entry is the text's combined full- and part-time share, which may leave out self-employment or gig work not shown in Table 3. Appendix A ('Relative Impact with 95% Confidence Interval') is a figure with no numbers. SF-36 results printed are physical limits, physical functioning, and general health (no mental-health subscale). Hours and earnings are not reported." }, { "trial": "T31", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T31-1", "wave": "12-month survey", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Working at the time of the 12-month survey, counting all types of employment", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 69 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 70 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 10: 'Counting all types of employment, similar numbers of study members in the ARISE participant and control groups (69% of ARISE participants and 70% of control group members) were working at the time of the 12-month survey'", "source": "aei:alexandria" }, { "comparison": "T31-1", "wave": "12-month survey", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Rate of full-time employment", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no significant differences", "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 10: 'At that time there were no significant differences between the two groups in rates of full-time employment, part-time employment, caregiving, or any other category of employment' (sentence only, no numbers)", "source": "aei:alexandria" }, { "comparison": "T31-1", "wave": "12-month survey", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983; number of items not stated)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "marginally significantly lower scores than the control group", "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 6: 'They also reported marginally significantly lower scores than the control group on the Perceived Stress Scale' (sentence only; Exhibits 1 and 8-9 are graphics with no numbers in the file; Exhibit 1's legend marks * p < .10, ** p < .05)", "source": "aei:alexandria" }, { "comparison": "T31-1", "wave": "6-month two-question tracking survey", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Full-time work (six-month tracking survey)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "small increases in other types of work (e.g., full-time work, seasonal work, and caregiving)", "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text box, p. 11: 'On the brief, six-month tracking survey, ARISE participants reported a small but significant reduction in part-time employment, which was mostly offset by small increases in other types of work (e.g., full-time work, seasonal work, and caregiving)' (sentence only, no numbers)", "source": "aei:alexandria" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T31-1", "wave": "6-month two-question tracking survey", "randomized_treated": null, "randomized_control": 210, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Text pp. 2-6: 'Abt randomly selected 170 of these applicants to receive the $500 monthly GI payments'; 14 ARISE participants are non-active but kept in the analysis; '210 randomly selected members of the control group'; analytic sample N=394. Exhibit 7 (Survey response rates) is a graphic with no numbers in the file, so no response counts.", "source": "aei:alexandria" }, { "comparison": "T31-1", "wave": "12-month survey", "randomized_treated": null, "randomized_control": 210, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Text pp. 2-6: 'Abt randomly selected 170 of these applicants to receive the $500 monthly GI payments'; 14 ARISE participants are non-active but kept in the analysis; '210 randomly selected members of the control group'; analytic sample N=394. Exhibit 7 (Survey response rates) is a graphic with no numbers in the file, so no response counts.", "source": "aei:alexandria" } ], "notes": "Interim one-year brief. Impacts are differences in mean outcomes with adjustments for sample loss (intent-to-treat, including 14 non-active ARISE participants); the exhibits (1, 7-11) are graphics whose numbers are not in the file, so results come from the text. The number randomized to the ARISE group is not printed as one number (170 selected to receive payments; 14 non-active participants kept; analytic sample 394; control 210), so randomized_treated is null. At 6 months the brief reports only a significant reduction in part-time employment 'mostly offset' by other work, with no overall employment share, so there is no employed_any entry for 6 months. The brief says the GI did not seem to affect 'some measures of mental health' without naming them, so no mental-health entry. Exhibit 11 ('Employment and earnings') prints no numbers; the text reports annual household income (about -$4,500), not earnings, and infers fewer hours without a measured result, so no hours or earnings entries." }, { "trial": "T33", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "Mid-pilot (6 months, September 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6 or K10 not stated)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no statistically significant differences between the SGIP parents and the control group over the course of the pilot", "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 18, Psychological Distress: '... we found no statistically significant differences between the SGIP parents and the control group over the course of the pilot (Exhibit 9)'; Exhibit 9 is a bar chart of the three time points with no numbers in the file (mid-pilot; sentence only)", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "End-of-pilot (12 months, February 2023, last payment)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6 or K10 not stated)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no statistically significant differences between the SGIP parents and the control group over the course of the pilot", "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 18, Psychological Distress: '... we found no statistically significant differences between the SGIP parents and the control group over the course of the pilot (Exhibit 9)'; Exhibit 9 is a bar chart of the three time points with no numbers in the file (end-of-pilot; sentence only)", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "Post-pilot (6 months after GI ended, August 2023)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6 or K10 not stated)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no statistically significant differences between the SGIP parents and the control group over the course of the pilot", "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 18, Psychological Distress: '... we found no statistically significant differences between the SGIP parents and the control group over the course of the pilot (Exhibit 9)'; Exhibit 9 is a bar chart of the three time points with no numbers in the file (post-pilot; sentence only)", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "Mid-pilot (6 months, September 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived stress scale (questions about parents' recent levels of stress; version not stated)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "differences between SGIP participants and the control group were not statistically significant", "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Summary, p. v: 'During the pilot, interviewed parents felt GI reduced their stress. Survey results are generally consistent with interview findings, but differences between SGIP participants and the control group were not statistically significant'; Exhibit 9 ('SGIP Parents and Control Parents Experienced Similar Levels of Stress') prints no numbers (mid-pilot; sentence only)", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "End-of-pilot (12 months, February 2023, last payment)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived stress scale (questions about parents' recent levels of stress; version not stated)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "differences between SGIP participants and the control group were not statistically significant", "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Summary, p. v: 'During the pilot, interviewed parents felt GI reduced their stress. Survey results are generally consistent with interview findings, but differences between SGIP participants and the control group were not statistically significant'; Exhibit 9 ('SGIP Parents and Control Parents Experienced Similar Levels of Stress') prints no numbers (end-of-pilot; sentence only)", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "Post-pilot (6 months after GI ended, August 2023)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived stress scale (questions about parents' recent levels of stress; version not stated)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "differences between SGIP participants and the control group were not statistically significant", "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Summary, p. v: 'During the pilot, interviewed parents felt GI reduced their stress. Survey results are generally consistent with interview findings, but differences between SGIP participants and the control group were not statistically significant'; Exhibit 9 ('SGIP Parents and Control Parents Experienced Similar Levels of Stress') prints no numbers (post-pilot; sentence only)", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "Mid-pilot (6 months, September 2022)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Proportion of parents with at least one job", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no significant differences", "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 35: 'When we examine the likelihood of holding one or more jobs, there are no significant differences between SGIP participants and the control group'; Exhibit 22 ('SGIP Did Not Significantly Change the Proportion of Parents with At Least One Job') prints no numbers (mid-pilot; sentence only)", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "End-of-pilot (12 months, February 2023, last payment)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Proportion of parents with at least one job", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no significant differences", "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 35: 'When we examine the likelihood of holding one or more jobs, there are no significant differences between SGIP participants and the control group'; Exhibit 22 ('SGIP Did Not Significantly Change the Proportion of Parents with At Least One Job') prints no numbers (end-of-pilot; sentence only)", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "Post-pilot (6 months after GI ended, August 2023)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Proportion of parents with at least one job", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no significant differences", "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 35: 'When we examine the likelihood of holding one or more jobs, there are no significant differences between SGIP participants and the control group'; Exhibit 22 ('SGIP Did Not Significantly Change the Proportion of Parents with At Least One Job') prints no numbers (post-pilot; sentence only)", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "Post-pilot (6 months after GI ended, August 2023)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Workers (Appendix Table C1; part of participation in paid or unpaid work)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "SGIP parents were more likely than control group members to be workers post-pilot", "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 38: 'We do not find significant effects on participation in paid or unpaid work (Exhibit 23), although SGIP parents were more likely than control group members to be workers post-pilot (Appendix Table C1)' (sentence only; Appendix Table C1 is not in the file)", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "Mid-pilot (6 months, September 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employment status (full-time)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no significant effects on employment status (full-time, part-time, etc.)", "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 38: 'We do not find significant effects on employment status (full-time, part-time, etc.) at mid-pilot or the end of the pilot (Appendix Table C1)' (mid-pilot; sentence only)", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "End-of-pilot (12 months, February 2023, last payment)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employment status (full-time)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no significant effects on employment status (full-time, part-time, etc.)", "kind": "difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text, p. 38: 'We do not find significant effects on employment status (full-time, part-time, etc.) at mid-pilot or the end of the pilot (Appendix Table C1)' (end-of-pilot; sentence only)", "source": "aei:shreveport" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "Mid-pilot (6 months, September 2022)", "randomized_treated": 165, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Text, pp. 8-9: 'FEC reached out to 165 applicants, 110 of whom were eligible and willing'; the 45 replaced applicants are included in the analysis (intent-to-treat); control group of 132 (summary gives the participant group as n=110). Exhibit 4 (Sample Sizes by Survey) is a graphic with no numbers in the file, so no response counts.", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "End-of-pilot (12 months, February 2023, last payment)", "randomized_treated": 165, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Text, pp. 8-9: 'FEC reached out to 165 applicants, 110 of whom were eligible and willing'; the 45 replaced applicants are included in the analysis (intent-to-treat); control group of 132 (summary gives the participant group as n=110). Exhibit 4 (Sample Sizes by Survey) is a graphic with no numbers in the file, so no response counts.", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "Post-pilot (6 months after GI ended, August 2023)", "randomized_treated": 165, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Text, pp. 8-9: 'FEC reached out to 165 applicants, 110 of whom were eligible and willing'; the 45 replaced applicants are included in the analysis (intent-to-treat); control group of 132 (summary gives the participant group as n=110). Exhibit 4 (Sample Sizes by Survey) is a graphic with no numbers in the file, so no response counts.", "source": "aei:shreveport" } ], "notes": "All of the report's exhibits are bar charts whose numbers are not in the file, and its appendix tables (B, C1) are not included, so every result here is a sentence with no numbers. Impacts are differences in mean outcomes with adjustments for sample loss, intent-to-treat (165 offered, 110 paid, 45 inactive kept). The Kessler and perceived-stress statements are general ('over the course of the pilot', 'during the pilot'); they refer to Exhibit 9, a chart of all three time points, so they are entered at each wave. The post-pilot 'workers' statement is from Appendix Table C1 and the report does not define 'workers' (it explains the result by gig work); it is given as a second employed_any entry beside the at-least-one-job result. The full-time statement covers mid-pilot and end-of-pilot only. Individual and household income (including the GI) are reported, but not earnings or hours from the survey; reduced hours come from interviews only. The second file, dashboard:child-outcomes, is a November 2023 brief on four Southeast pilots that reports only baseline survey data and interviews, with no treatment-control comparisons." }, { "trial": "T65", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T65-1", "wave": "Exit survey (after the program and cash transfer ended)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Physical and mental health composite index (Table 1): nine Kessler distress items (nervous; so nervous nothing could calm you down; hopeless; restless or fidgety; so restless you could not sit still; depressed; everything an effort; so sad nothing could cheer you up; worthless), emergency room visits, injury in a fight, threatened or injured with a weapon, perceived chance of being killed by age 21, and three self-esteem items (a lot of good qualities; a lot to be proud of; feel loved and wanted)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.051, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.751, "p_text": null, "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 4: Impact of conditional and unconditional cash transfers on primary youth outcomes, Intent-to-treat estimates, 'Cash transfer only' row, 'Physical and mental health' column (p-value in parentheses; 88 observations in the cash transfer estimates); same value in Table 6, 'Physical and mental health composite' row", "source": "pmid:38637462" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T65-1", "wave": "Exit survey (after the program and cash transfer ended)", "randomized_treated": 56, "randomized_control": 56, "responded_treated": 50, "responded_control": null, "where": "Table 2 (number of participants after dropout: control 56, cash transfer 56) and Table 3 (cash transfer group: took the outcome survey 50 (89%)); text: 'a 67% response rate for the control group' (no count printed); one control youth dropped out (incarcerated) in the first weeks", "source": "pmid:38637462" } ], "notes": "The report gives no Kessler total score: its only mental-health result is the physical and mental health composite (an index in the style of Kling, Liebman, and Katz, coded so that positive values are better outcomes), which mixes nine Kessler items with physical health and safety items; coded general_mental_health as an index the report constructs, flagged here because it is not purely mental health. The ITT model adjusts for mother's education, foster care, race and ethnicity, ZIP code, age, and the baseline value of each outcome (with dummies for baseline non-response); robust standard errors, but only p-values are printed. Table 6 also prints ITT and TOT estimates for each Kessler item separately (e.g. 'how often did you feel depressed?' 0.076, p=0.740), which are single items rather than scales and are left out, as are the TOT (complier) estimates and the 'any cash' pooled estimates. Financial stress is a single 1-7 item in the financial health composite, not a stress scale, and is left out. No employment results are reported. The PPR749617 abstract states the physical and mental health composite was not significant, with no numbers." }, { "trial": "T67", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T67-1", "wave": "3-month follow-up", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "PROMIS Global Health Scale, mental health score", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 5, "mean": 46.2, "sd": 8.4, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 9, "mean": 42.1, "sd": 6.4, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 1: Change in health-related quality of life, 'Follow-up mean (SD)' row, Mental health columns (UCT n=5, usual care n=9); the same table prints baseline means (SD) of 45.7 (5.4) UCT and 40.8 (8.0) usual care and change means (SD) of 0.5 (5.5) UCT and 1.3 (8.1) usual care; no effect estimate printed", "source": "pmid:39447043" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T67-1", "wave": "3-month follow-up", "randomized_treated": 7, "randomized_control": 10, "responded_treated": 5, "responded_control": 9, "where": "Text: 'randomly assigned to the UCT intervention arm (n = 7) or UC (n = 10). Fourteen (82%) participants went on to complete the 3-month follow-up survey'; Table 1 (UCT n=5, usual care n=9)", "source": "pmid:39447043" } ], "notes": "Only arm means and SDs are printed for the PROMIS mental health score (no between-arm effect); the text says 'No difference in mental health was observed in either arm over time'. Baseline SDs are printed by arm only (8.0 usual care, 5.4 UCT), not pooled, so baseline_sd is null; baseline means differed (40.8 vs 45.7), as did baseline disability (0% UCT vs 67% usual care). The AACR conference abstract (openalex:W4389241817) reports 19 patients enrolled and qualitative exit interviews, with no mental-health results." }, { "trial": "T77", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T77-1", "wave": "Endline survey (12 months after admission)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Worked at least one hour in the previous week (respondent: mother of the youngest child)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.05, "se": 0.03, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 396, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 383, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.61 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5: Job-Seeking and Work: Respondent, Whole Sample, UCT row, column (5) 'Work one hour' (robust SE in parentheses; Mean CG 0.61; 1,134 observations across the three groups; arm n from Table 3 (sample taking the final interview: UCT 396, CG 383))", "source": "openalex:W2910961751" }, { "comparison": "T77-1", "wave": "Endline survey (12 months after admission)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Number of hours worked in the previous week (respondent)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.65, "se": 0.77, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 396, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 383, "mean": 10.7, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5: Job-Seeking and Work: Respondent, Whole Sample, UCT row, column (7) 'Hours work' (robust SE in parentheses; Mean CG 10.70; 1,135 observations across the three groups; arm n from Table 3 (sample taking the final interview: UCT 396, CG 383))", "source": "openalex:W2910961751" }, { "comparison": "T77-1", "wave": "Endline survey (12 months after admission)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Hourly wage (respondent; a wage rate per hour, not earnings over a period)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.14, "se": 0.54, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": 396, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 383, "mean": 3.64, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5: Job-Seeking and Work: Respondent, Whole Sample, UCT row, column (8) 'Hourly wage' (robust SE in parentheses; Mean CG 3.64; 1,030 observations across the three groups; period is per hour, which the codebook's 'per' cannot express; arm n from Table 3 (sample taking the final interview: UCT 396, CG 383))", "source": "openalex:W2910961751" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T77-1", "wave": "Endline survey (12 months after admission)", "randomized_treated": 533, "randomized_control": 521, "responded_treated": 396, "responded_control": 383, "where": "Table 2 (initial sample observations: UCT 533, CG 521) and Table 3 (sample taking the final interview: UCT 396, CG 383); text: response rate 74 percent for the UCT and CG groups", "source": "openalex:W2910961751" } ], "notes": "Estimates are linear probability or linear models with controls for household income (ISEE), household size, members under 18, age of the youngest member, and citizenship, plus randomization-group fixed effects; robust SEs; stars mark 10%, 5%, and 1% levels and none of these UCT estimates is starred. Outcomes are for the survey respondent, the mother of the youngest child; Table 6 prints the same outcomes for partners (UCT: worked one hour 0.03 (0.04), hours 0.35 (1.75), hourly wage 0.53 (0.72)), left out as they are not the sample of the comparison. The hourly wage is coded as earnings with per null because it is a rate per hour (Mean CG 3.64 suggests non-workers enter as zero); the reader may prefer to drop it. Days worked in the previous week (UCT -0.25*, SE 0.14) and employment with a regular contract (UCT -0.03, SE 0.06, 367 observations, apparently among workers) are not codebook outcomes and are left out. No full-time employment result is printed. Arm n is the number interviewed at endline (Table 3); per-arm analysed numbers are not printed." }, { "trial": "T81", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T81-1", "wave": "One-month follow-up survey (sent June 18, 2020)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mental health challenges index (Anderson weighted mean of standardized items from the PHQ-2 for depression and the GAD-2 for anxiety; standardized to the control group)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.01, "se": 0.025, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Bonferroni 1.000; FWER 0.880 (multiplicity-adjusted); not starred", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 0.0, "sd": 1.0, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 2: Primary Outcome Intent-to-Treat Estimates in Full Sample at One and Three Months Post Cash Transfer, One-Month panel, 'Mental Health Challenges' column (robust SE; 6299 observations; control mean 0.000, control SD 1.000)", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0005852_1" }, { "comparison": "T81-1", "wave": "Three-month follow-up survey (launched August 21, 2020)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mental health challenges index (Anderson weighted mean of standardized items from the PHQ-2 for depression and the GAD-2 for anxiety; standardized to the control group)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.002, "se": 0.028, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Bonferroni 1.000; FWER 0.996 (multiplicity-adjusted); not starred", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 3430, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 2344, "mean": -0.001, "sd": 0.999, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 2: Primary Outcome Intent-to-Treat Estimates in Full Sample at One and Three Months Post Cash Transfer, Three-Month panel, 'Mental Health Challenges' column (robust SE; 5244 observations; control mean -0.001, control SD 0.999; arm n = three-month respondents from the text)", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0005852_1" }, { "comparison": "T81-1", "wave": "One-month follow-up survey (sent June 18, 2020)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed part- or full-time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.0, "se": 0.01, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Bonferroni 1.000; not starred", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": 0.483, "proportion": 0.371 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 9: Intent-to-Treat Estimates on Labor Supply, One Month Post Transfer, Full Sample, 'Employed Part- or Full-time' column (printed as -0.000; robust SE; 6608 observations; control mean 0.371, control SD 0.483)", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0005852_1" }, { "comparison": "T81-1", "wave": "One-month follow-up survey (sent June 18, 2020)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Hours worked (period not stated)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.021, "se": 0.345, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Bonferroni 1.000; not starred", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 10.167, "sd": 16.647, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 9: Intent-to-Treat Estimates on Labor Supply, One Month Post Transfer, Full Sample, 'Hours Worked' column (robust SE; 6608 observations; control mean 10.167, control SD 16.647)", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0005852_1" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T81-1", "wave": "One-month follow-up survey (sent June 18, 2020)", "randomized_treated": 7915, "randomized_control": 5777, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Text p. 8 and Appendix A: invitations sent to 13,692 individuals (7,915 treatment, 5,777 control); one-month survey completed by 6,848 individuals, 'a response rate of 60% treatment/59% control' of the invited samples (no counts by arm)", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0005852_1" }, { "comparison": "T81-1", "wave": "Three-month follow-up survey (launched August 21, 2020)", "randomized_treated": 7915, "randomized_control": 5777, "responded_treated": 3430, "responded_control": 2344, "where": "Text p. 8 and Appendix A: three-month survey completed by 5,774 individuals, 'overall response rate of 57% (3,430 [59%] treatment, 2,344 [55%] control)'", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0005852_1" } ], "notes": "May 2022 working paper (Pilkauskas, Jacob, Rhodes, Richard, Shaefer). ITT regressions with controls (Fresh EBT use, screener answers, state, time-invariant baseline characteristics) and robust SEs; outcomes in Table 2 are Anderson composite indices standardized to the control group, coded so that positive is worse. Only multiplicity-adjusted p-values are printed (Bonferroni, FWER); significance stars (+ p<0.10 and up) mark none of these estimates. The report says it also examined the PHQ-2 and GAD-2 separately but prints no separate results. Left out as not whole-sample ITT results: Appendix Table 1 (restricted sample), Appendix Table 2 (LATE), Appendix Table 3 (balanced panel of respondents to both surveys: mental health -0.03 (0.029) at one month and -0.011 (0.029) at three months, 4701 observations), and the earnings-under-$500 subgroup (e.g. Appendix Table 7, mental health -0.101* at three months). 'Employed part- or full-time' is coded employed_any; the paper's other statuses (unemployed, temporarily laid off, other employment status) are not part of it. The period of 'hours worked' is not stated. Per-arm numbers analysed are not printed: arm n is given only for three months, from the respondent counts. The second file (registered:AEARCTR-0005852_2) is the RePEc page of the published article, whose abstract reports no significant full-sample effects (powered for 0.09 SD) and no numbers for these outcomes." } ]