[ { "trial": "T36", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Young parents were randomly assigned to $1,000 a month for 24 months or to a control group, and the report presents K10 distress, perceived stress and employment at 18, 24 and 30 months.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Baltimore, Maryland", "population": "parents aged 18-24 living in Baltimore with household income at or below 300% of the federal poverty level", "years": "2022-08 to 2024-07", "arms": [ { "label": "BYFSF program group (treatment group)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 153 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 156 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T36-1", "treated": "BYFSF program group (treatment group)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-08", "payment_months": 24, "waves": [ { "label": "18-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "24-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "30-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "engaged in paid or unpaid work", "full-time employment", "share of household income from employment", "employed in meaningful work" ], "evaluator": "Abt Global", "result_reports": [ "aei:baltimore" ], "notes": "About 4,000 applied. The program paid 200 young parents; the study's treatment group is 153 randomly selected (130 paid, 23 inactive kept in intent-to-treat), plus 156 controls; 70 paid participants are outside the study. The report says surveys ran every six months but presents only 18, 24 and 30 months. Payments via Steady bank deposits or debit card; benefits counseling. $50 per survey. The 6- and 12-month surveys were reported in an interim report that is not in these files, and the November 2023 to February 2024 interviews were qualitative, with recipients only, so neither is a wave here.", "third_reader": { "decided": [ "waves" ], "why": "The final report presents K10, Perceived Stress Scale and work results only at the 18-, 24- (last payment, July 2024) and 30-month surveys; the 6- and 12-month results are in an interim report not in the files, and the 15-18-month interviews were qualitative with recipients only, so neither is a wave." } }, { "trial": "T38", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Atlanta residents were randomly assigned to $500 a month for 12 months or to a control group; the only file is a qualitative brief that presents parents' mental health and work and says survey results by city will follow.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Atlanta, Georgia", "population": "Atlanta residents 18+ with self-reported income up to 200% of the federal poverty level (about 60% of area median income)", "years": "2022-06 to 2023-05", "arms": [ { "label": "Intervention group (IMPACT)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 300 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": null } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T38-1", "treated": "Intervention group (IMPACT)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-06", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [], "mental_health_instruments": [], "employment_measures": [], "evaluator": "Abt Associates", "result_reports": [ "pilot:impa_1", "dashboard:child-outcomes" ], "notes": "pilot:impa_1 and dashboard:child-outcomes are the same file: Abt's four-city brief 'My kids deserve the world' (Nov 2023), based on interviews with 67 parents (14 from Atlanta) 7-10 months into the pilots plus baseline survey data. It describes each pilot as randomized to an intervention group (12 monthly payments) or a control group, with surveys at baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months and city survey findings to be reported from 2024. 300 participants served (control size not given); open to adults without children; implemented with the Urban League of Greater Atlanta. Qualitative findings: reduced stress and improved mental health, some parents reduced work hours or changed jobs. No quantitative outcome results in the file. Waves are empty: the brief presents no survey results by arm at 6, 12 or 18 months, and its interviews (January to March 2023, 7 to 10 months in) are qualitative and with recipients only.", "third_reader": { "decided": [ "waves" ], "why": "The brief (both file ids are the same text) says survey findings by city would be reported from 2024 and presents only qualitative interviews with paid parents 7-10 months in, with no comparison of arms, so no follow-up has results in these files." } }, { "trial": "T41", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Young adults experiencing homelessness were randomly invited to $1,100 a month for 24 months plus a $3,000 fund and optional services, versus services as usual, and the brief reports employment (no apparent effect) with mental health a registered outcome.", "country": "USA", "sites": "New York City", "population": "young adults aged 18-24 experiencing homelessness, recruited from three NYC shelters and two drop-in centers, without untreated substance use or mental health problems", "years": "2022-04 to 2024-04", "arms": [ { "label": "Trust Youth Initiative (cash plus)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1100, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 34 }, { "label": "Services as usual", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 44 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T41-1", "treated": "Trust Youth Initiative (cash plus)", "control": "Services as usual", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-04", "payment_months": 24, "waves": [ { "label": "Month 30 long survey (6 months after the end of the program)", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "employment" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [], "employment_measures": [ "employment status and earnings (registered secondary outcome); the brief reports no apparent impact on employment" ], "evaluator": "Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago (Mathematica for recruitment, data collection and random assignment)", "result_reports": [ "pilot:trus_1" ], "notes": "Cash plus: $550 twice a month ($1,100/month, $26,400 in all) for 24 months plus a one-time $3,000 Enrichment Fund that could be drawn any time, with optional services (housing navigation, financial coaching, peer counseling) from the Ali Forney Center. 34 of 78 enrolled were randomly invited by biased-coin randomization (registration targeted 30 and 40); 4 did not respond and 1 declined because of SSI, and these 5 were analysed with services as usual (29 vs 49), so the analysis is not intent-to-treat. Services as usual include shelter and case management. Everyone was paid for surveys ($50 long, $20 monthly short). Results are descriptive (no significance testing). Employment and education were described only as showing no apparent impact compared with services as usual, with no wave named and no figures; it is attached to the month-30 survey, the study's last, which is an assumption. The 6-, 12- and 24-month long surveys and the monthly short surveys present no results for mental health or work, so they are not waves here. Mental health was surveyed (registered secondary outcome) but not reported in the brief. Registered AEARCTR-0009034.", "third_reader": { "decided": [ "waves" ], "why": "The brief's only result for these outcomes is that the program did not appear to affect employment compared with services as usual (no wave, no figures); it is placed at the month-30 survey, 6 months after payments ended, and no other survey presents mental health or work results." } }, { "trial": "T44", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "80 households were chosen by lottery for $500 a month for 12 months, with a random draw of non-selected applicants who agreed to follow-up as controls, and the reports present K10 distress, full-time work and work-hours changes.", "country": "USA", "sites": "City of Sacramento, California", "population": "City of Sacramento residents 18+ with household income below size-based thresholds", "years": "2023-07 to 2024-06", "arms": [ { "label": "GI participants", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 80 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 71 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T44-1", "treated": "GI participants", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2023-07", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "endline (T2, June 2024, last month of payments)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours" ] }, { "label": "post-payment, 6 months", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 10 items (K10)" ], "employment_measures": [ "working one stable full-time job", "voluntarily reduced or increased hours worked in the past year", "took time off to look for a more fulfilling job; started a business" ], "evaluator": "California State University, Sacramento (School of Social Work; Center for Health Practice, Policy and Research)", "result_reports": [ "pilot:uwct_1", "pilot:uwct_2" ], "notes": "Lottery among 10,407 applications screened only for age and city residence; selected households were verified for income and given benefits counseling, and non-responders were replaced by new random draws (14 rounds). Controls: 1,794 of 10,005 non-selected applicants (18%) agreed to a second survey for a $25 card and 71 were drawn at random from them, so controls are self-selected lottery losers. All completed the baseline at application (May 2023). 67 of 80 participants answered the endline. Payments via SAFE Credit Union; voluntary financial-education webinars for recipients. The report calls it a 'pre-post, modified, random control study'. The full-time job rate (39% vs 40%) is reported for participants over time; the hours items were asked only at endline.", "third_reader": { "decided": [ "comparisons" ], "why": "One comparison of the 80 randomly selected recipients with the control group, which the report states as 71 applicants drawn at random from non-selected applicants who agreed to a follow-up survey; the 10,005 non-selected applicants were never an arm followed for outcomes." } }, { "trial": "T45", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "130 households were chosen by lottery for $505 a month for 12 months, with random samples of non-selected applicants recruited as controls, and the report presents K10 distress, multiple job holding and work-hours changes.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Sacramento County Districts 1 and 2, California", "population": "residents 18+ of Sacramento County Districts 1 and 2 with household income below size-based thresholds", "years": "2024-01 to 2024-12", "arms": [ { "label": "GI participants", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 505, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 130 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 92 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T45-1", "treated": "GI participants", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2024-01", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "endline (T2, January 2025, when payments stopped)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours" ] }, { "label": "18-month follow-up (T3, June 2025)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "hours" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 10 items (K10)" ], "employment_measures": [ "working more than one job", "employment status (full-time, part-time, not employed)", "voluntarily reduced or increased hours worked" ], "evaluator": "Sacramento State University School of Social Work (Center for Health Care Practice, Policy, and Research)", "result_reports": [ "pilot:uwcr_1" ], "notes": "Lottery among more than 8,400 applicants (8,821 baseline surveys, Oct-Nov 2023); selected households were verified and replaced by new random draws until 130. Controls were recruited at endline from random samples of non-participant applicants who accepted a $25-card survey invitation (first batch of 150 yielded 22; five batches to reach 92), so controls are self-selected lottery losers and differ in household composition. Participant response 64% at endline and 51% at 18 months; control 92 and 71. Payments via SAFE Credit Union; voluntary financial-education webinars. Funded by the county and the Sierra Health Foundation; third United Way cohort.", "third_reader": { "decided": [ "comparisons" ], "why": "One comparison of the 130 randomly selected recipients with the control group, which the report states as 92 people recruited from random samples of non-selected applicants (Table 1 and Table B1); the size of the non-selected pool is not given." } }, { "trial": "T49", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A registered RCT in Los Angeles County that randomly selected 300 applicants aged 18 to 24 for an unconditional $1,000 a month for 36 months, with an optional job-training offer, and 650 for a control group, reporting Kessler-6 psychological well-being, employment and earnings.", "country": "United States", "sites": "Los Angeles County, California", "population": "Work-ready, economically vulnerable young adults aged 18 to 24 who applied to Los Angeles County's TAYportunity plus Guaranteed Income program (3,211 applicants; 93% earned under $600 a month at baseline, 60% unhoused or at risk of losing housing)", "years": "2022-08 to 2025-07", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group ($1,000 a month plus the offer of TAYportunity job training)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 36, "n_randomized": 300 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 650 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T49-1", "treated": "Treatment group ($1,000 a month plus the offer of TAYportunity job training)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-08", "payment_months": 36, "waves": null, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 6 (K6)", "psychological well-being (registered primary outcome)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employment", "monthly earnings", "labor hours supplied in the past month (registered primary outcome)", "income earned in the labor market in the past month (registered primary outcome)", "job satisfaction (four-point scale)" ], "evaluator": "The author of the working paper and dissertation (not named in the files) and research team, with the Los Angeles County Department of Public Social Services (LA DPSS)", "result_reports": [ "pilot:taypo_1", "openalex:W7159681064" ], "notes": "Merged with the group the coders saw separately (T79: the dissertation openalex:W7159681064 and registration AEARCTR-0011791), which describes the same trial: 300 randomly selected from 3,211 applicants for the program and 650 randomly chosen from those not selected as controls. The cash is unconditional and paid on EBT cards; the treatment group was also offered optional TAYportunity paths (six months of subsidized work at $15 an hour, apprenticeships, or entrepreneurship support) that controls were not, so the comparison is cash plus a training offer; instrumental-variable estimates use random assignment to caseworkers. Controls were told the study concerned their experience in the GROW program. Everyone was paid $20 per survey. Payments began in August 2022 for 36 months (years computed from that; the registration's intervention end date is 2026-02-15). Six rounds of surveys plus administrative data (arrest records), but their timing is not stated, so waves are null.", "third_reader": { "decided": [ "comparisons" ], "why": "All three files describe one comparison: 300 randomly selected for $1,000 a month for 36 months (with an optional job-training offer) against 650 randomly chosen controls who got no cash beyond the $20 per survey that all respondents got, so the control amount is 0; the registration adds the August 2022 start." } }, { "trial": "T50", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Registered individual-level RCT of $500 a month for two years to 3,250 Cook County residents against about 8,940 controls; the county's report presents participants' self-reported mental health and stress, and the evaluation's comparative results are pending.", "country": "United States", "sites": "Cook County, Illinois", "population": "Cook County residents who applied to the Promise pilot (more than 230,000 applications); income eligibility criteria are not stated in the files", "years": "2022-12 to 2025-01", "arms": [ { "label": "Cash transfer ($500 a month)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 3250 }, { "label": "Control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 8940 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T50-1", "treated": "Cash transfer ($500 a month)", "control": "Control", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-12", "payment_months": 24, "waves": null, "mental_health_instruments": [ "self-reported impact of the program on mental health and on stress (GiveDirectly survey of participants)" ], "employment_measures": null, "evaluator": "Inclusive Economy Lab, University of Chicago (evaluation); GiveDirectly (program administrator)", "result_reports": [], "notes": "Registration (AEARCTR-0010641) defers outcomes and design details to a pre-analysis plan not in the files; intervention dates 2022-12-15 to 2025-02-28, final payments January 2025 per the press release. Half of recipients (1,625 of 3,250) were also offered optional financial coaching (Working Credit); coded as one cash arm with that sub-arm noted. The press release's mental health and stress percentages come from a survey of participants only, with no control comparison, so no file holds comparative results; full quantitative findings were expected in fall 2025. The registration describes the cash group as one arm of 3,250 against about 8,940 controls and the coaching offer as an addition for 1,625 of the 3,250, without saying how they were chosen, so the coaching subgroup is not coded as a separate arm.", "third_reader": { "decided": [ "comparisons" ], "why": "The registration's abstract and arm list give 3,250 individuals receiving $500 a month, 1,625 of whom will additionally be offered financial coaching, against about 8,940 controls; with no results report and no sign that the coaching offer was a randomized arm, the comparison is the registered one, all cash recipients against the control." } }, { "trial": "T52", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A nationwide mandatory experiment that randomly chose 2,000 of 175,222 recipients of minimum unemployment benefits to get an unconditional, non-tapering basic income of 560 euros a month for 2017 and 2018, the rest staying on the usual benefits, with register-based employment and survey and register mental health outcomes.", "country": "Finland", "sites": [ "Nationwide" ], "population": "People aged 25 to 58 receiving minimum (flat-rate or labour market subsidy) unemployment benefits from Kela in November 2016", "years": "2017-01 to 2018-12", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group (basic income)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 560, "currency": "EUR", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 2000 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "EUR", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 173222 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T52-1", "treated": "Treatment group (basic income)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2017-01", "payment_months": 24, "waves": [ { "label": "First year of the experiment (2017), employment registers", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "employment", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "End-of-experiment telephone survey (15 October to 14 December 2018)", "months_since_first_payment": 22, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "Second year of the experiment (2018), employment registers", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "employment", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Experiment period (2017 to 2018), health registers", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] }, { "label": "After the experiment, health registers", "months_since_first_payment": null, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "MHI-5 (Mental Health Inventory, mental strain)", "psychotropic (psychiatric) drug use from the prescription register", "outpatient mental health visits in secondary care and primary care visits for mental health (registers)", "mental distress and depression items (survey)" ], "employment_measures": [ "days in employment per year from the Finnish Centre for Pensions register", "annual labour earnings from tax registers", "monthly employment share (registers)", "primary outcome: days in employment October 2017 to November 2018", "self-reported employment status and part-time work at the end of the experiment (survey)" ], "evaluator": "Kela (Social Insurance Institution of Finland) with the VATT Institute for Economic Research, Labour Institute for Economic Research, University of Turku, University of Helsinki, Finnish Association for Mental Health and Tänk; later analyses by independent teams (e.g. Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research)", "result_reports": [ "openalex:W3167377507", "openalex:W4416858567", "openalex:W4285086002", "pmc:PMC12555240", "pmid:36767105", "openalex:W4417138655", "openalex:W4414272693", "openalex:W7131668656", "openalex:W4245106623", "openalex:W3193176234", "openalex:W2913727317", "openalex:W3191595179" ], "notes": "The basic income replaced the minimum unemployment benefit (net about 558 euros) and did not taper with earnings, so for someone out of work it barely changed income; its main change was to work incentives and the removal of job-search conditions, though the health paper reports average income rose 9 to 11 percent. Treated people could still claim unemployment benefits for child or programme supplements, and the basic income was deducted from other benefits. Participation was mandatory; the control group is the rest of the target population (173,222) on usual benefits. First payment 9 January 2017; a January 2018 activation reform affected the groups asymmetrically. The survey sampled all 2,000 treated and 5,600 controls, with a 23 percent response (31 percent treated, 20 percent control). Survey months are computed from the window's midpoint; register outcomes summed over a calendar year or the experiment are dated at the period's end. The post-experiment register wave rests on abstracts that give no dates. The abstract openalex:W7221513009 describes 1,000 recipients and 1,000 controls surveyed at 12 and 24 months with 84 and 78 percent response, matching no other report, so it is left out of result_reports. The 2017 and 2018 register waves are calendar-year outcomes (Verho et al., Table 3; the crime paper's Table A7 adds year-end employment and labor earnings for both years); monthly employment shares appear only in a figure. Register mental health results (psychotropic drugs, mental health visits) are given for the two experimental years together, not year by year, and as fading afterward without years. The survey reports financial stress (financial well-being chapter), not a general stress measure, so stress is not coded.", "third_reader": { "decided": [ "waves" ], "why": "Results appear for register employment and earnings in 2017 and 2018, the end-of-experiment survey (15 October to 14 December 2018, about 22 months after the 9 January 2017 first payment: MHI-5 and distress, employment, life satisfaction), register mental health over 2017-2018 as a whole, and register mental health after the experiment (undated); no file gives register mental health by year, and the only stress result is financial stress." } }, { "trial": "T54", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A lottery among 8,200 eligible artists assigned 2,000 to €325 a week for three years and 1,000 to a control paid €650 a year for surveys, with depression, anxiety, life satisfaction, and work outcomes reported every six months.", "country": "Ireland", "sites": "Nationwide (Republic of Ireland)", "population": "Artists and creative arts workers (including those recently trained) aged 18+ in Ireland who applied and were assessed eligible; full-time students excluded", "years": "2022-10 to 2026-02", "arms": [ { "label": "BIA recipients (treatment group)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 325, "currency": "EUR", "per": "week", "months_paid": 42, "n_randomized": 2000 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 650, "currency": "EUR", "per": "year", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 997 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T54-1", "treated": "BIA recipients (treatment group)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "none (the report states no stratification was conducted)", "payment_start": "2022-10", "payment_months": 42, "waves": [ { "label": "April 2023 (6 months)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "October 2023 (1 year)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "April 2024 (18 months)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "October 2024 (2 years)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "April 2025 (2.5 years)", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "felt depressed or downhearted in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "felt anxious in the last four weeks (yes/no)" ], "employment_measures": [ "did not work in the arts in the previous six months (inability to work in the arts)", "weekly hours spent working outside the arts", "weekly hours spent on arts work", "monthly take-home income from the arts and from outside the arts" ], "evaluator": "Basic Income for the Arts Research Team (IGEES staff), Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media (later Department of Culture, Communications and Sport); cost-benefit analysis prepared for the Department", "result_reports": [ "pilot:bifa_1", "pilot:bifa_4", "pilot:bifa_2", "pilot:bifa_3" ], "notes": "Paid as €1,413.21 a month; first payments issued October 2022, backdated to the August 2022 selection; planned for three years (to August 2025) and extended six months to February 2026, so months_paid counts August 2022 to February 2026. The payment is taxed as self-employment income and counts as income for social protection means tests. Of 1,000 assigned controls, 408 declined and were replaced by further random draws (27 in treatment), leaving 2,000 and 997 at baseline. The baseline survey (from 14 October 2022) was fielded after assignment, around the first payment, and some outcomes already differed; analyses are difference-in-differences from October 2022. Participants who miss two surveys in a row are removed. The cost-benefit analysis covers waves to April 2025 using participants who completed baseline and the April 2025 wave (1,961 vs 893).", "third_reader": { "decided": [ "comparisons" ], "why": "One comparison of the 2,000 recipients with the 997-person control group the reports give at baseline (1,000 assigned, decliners replaced by further random draws); the cost-benefit analysis says the three-year payment was extended six months to February 2026, so payments run 42 months from the August 2022 backdating." } }, { "trial": "T60", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Cluster-randomized (by shelter) trial giving CAD 7,500 once to 50 recently homeless people in Vancouver against 65 controls, reporting affect, psychiatric symptoms, and work hours over 12 months.", "country": "Canada", "sites": "Metro Vancouver, British Columbia (22 shelters from four shelter organizations)", "population": "People aged 19-65 homeless for under two years, Canadian citizens or permanent residents, without severe substance use, alcohol use, or psychiatric symptoms", "years": null, "arms": [ { "label": "Condition 1: cash transfer, workshop, and coaching", "kind": "lump_sum", "amount": 7500, "currency": "CAD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 25 }, { "label": "Condition 2: cash transfer and workshop", "kind": "lump_sum", "amount": 7500, "currency": "CAD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 25 }, { "label": "Condition 3: workshop and coaching, no cash", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "CAD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 19 }, { "label": "Condition 4: no cash, workshop, or coaching", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "CAD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 46 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T60-1", "treated": "Condition 1: cash transfer, workshop, and coaching + Condition 2: cash transfer and workshop", "control": "Condition 3: workshop and coaching, no cash + Condition 4: no cash, workshop, or coaching", "kind": "lump_sum" } ], "randomization": "cluster", "stratified_by": "shelter organization (shelters randomized within organization)", "payment_start": null, "payment_months": null, "waves": [ { "label": "1 month", "months_since_first_payment": 1, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "3 months", "months_since_first_payment": 3, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "6 months", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "9 months", "months_since_first_payment": 9, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "12 months", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "hours", "earnings" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "positive affect", "negative affect", "psychiatric symptomatology (Colorado Symptom Index; 3 and 12 months only)" ], "employment_measures": [ "weekly job hours", "hourly pay" ], "evaluator": "University of British Columbia research team", "result_reports": [ "pmid:37643214" ], "notes": "The comparison pools the arms as the report does (conditions 1 and 2 vs 3 and 4; the treated and control labels join exact arm labels with ' + '); the preregistered analyses compared cash with no cash at 1 month. All cash participants got the workshop but only 19 of 65 controls did, so the pooled contrast partly includes the workshop. All participants were offered survey honoraria, a free bank account, ID replacement, a resource booklet, and a used smartphone. The transfer did not affect provincial benefits. Payment dates are not stated (the transfer was paid after baseline; follow-ups at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months after it). Mental health at 1, 6, and 9 months rests on positive and negative affect; psychiatric symptomatology was measured at 3 and 12 months. 'earnings' here is hourly pay.", "third_reader": { "decided": [ "comparisons" ], "why": "The preregistered test (H1) and all exploratory analyses compare conditions 1 and 2 combined (n = 50) with conditions 3 and 4 combined (n = 65); the only per-condition contrasts are cash against cash and no-cash against no-cash, so the trial gets the one pooled comparison the report analyses." } }, { "trial": "T61", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A registered RCT in Metro Vancouver randomly assigning 400 people experiencing homelessness to a one-time unconditional CAD 8,500 or no cash, planning surveys to 12 months that track employment, health and well-being; no results are in the files.", "country": "Canada", "sites": [ "Metro Vancouver, British Columbia" ], "population": "People experiencing homelessness aged 18 to 65, Canadian citizens or permanent residents, without severe substance or alcohol use, severe psychiatric symptoms or problem gambling", "years": null, "arms": [ { "label": "Cash", "kind": "lump_sum", "amount": 8500, "currency": "CAD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": null }, { "label": "Control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "CAD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": null } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T61-1", "treated": "Cash", "control": "Control", "kind": "lump_sum" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": null, "payment_months": null, "waves": [ { "label": "1 month", "months_since_first_payment": 1, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] }, { "label": "2 months", "months_since_first_payment": 2, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] }, { "label": "3 months", "months_since_first_payment": 3, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] }, { "label": "6 months", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] }, { "label": "9 months", "months_since_first_payment": 9, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12 months", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": null, "employment_measures": [ "employment (planned; measure not specified)" ], "evaluator": "University of British Columbia (Jiaying Zhao), with Foundations for Social Change", "result_reports": [], "notes": "Only the registration (NCT05372978, started May 2022, sample sizes planned) and a title without an abstract are in the files, so the waves are the planned surveys 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after the transfer, with no results yet (measures left empty). Registered primary outcomes are housing, savings, spending and shelter costs over 1 to 3 months; the description says employment, health, cognitive function and well-being will also be tracked. Arm sizes are null because the files give only planned numbers: the registration (status recruiting, estimated enrollment 400) plans 200 cash and 200 control.", "third_reader": { "decided": [ "comparisons" ], "why": "One comparison of the cash arm with the control; the registration gives only a planned 200 per arm (estimated enrollment 400, still recruiting) and no file states how many were randomized, so n_randomized is null." } }, { "trial": "T65", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Three-arm RCT in Wilmington in which the cash-alone arm ($150 a week for six months, no requirements) versus a waitlisted control is eligible, reporting a physical and mental health composite built partly from psychological distress items; the cash-plus-programming arm required attending sessions.", "country": "United States", "sites": "Wilmington, Delaware (ZIP codes 19801, 19802, 19805)", "population": "Young men aged 14-17 in Medicaid-eligible families living in three high-crime Wilmington ZIP codes", "years": "2021-11 to 2022-05", "arms": [ { "label": "Cash transfer plus programming (conditional cash transfer)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 150, "currency": "USD", "per": "week", "months_paid": 6, "n_randomized": 59 }, { "label": "Cash transfer alone (unconditional cash transfer)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 150, "currency": "USD", "per": "week", "months_paid": 6, "n_randomized": 56 }, { "label": "Control group (waitlisted)", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "week", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 57 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T65-1", "treated": "Cash transfer alone (unconditional cash transfer)", "control": "Control group (waitlisted)", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "race, ethnicity, and neighborhood (blocked); siblings kept in the same group", "payment_start": "2021-11", "payment_months": 6, "waves": [ { "label": "Exit survey (after the program and cash transfer ended)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "psychological distress items (nervous, hopeless, restless or fidgety, depressed, everything an effort, so sad nothing could cheer you up, worthless; Kessler-type) within a physical and mental health composite that also includes ER visits, injury, threats, chance of being killed by 21, and self-esteem items" ], "employment_measures": null, "evaluator": "Urban Institute with the Delaware Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS)", "result_reports": [ "pmid:38637462", "ppr:PPR749617" ], "notes": "Randomized October 2021; cash ran six months from fall 2021 (month not stated, so payment_start 2021-11 is approximate) to May 2022 on a reloadable card. The cash-plus-programming arm received cash only after attending the first sessions (enough to submit forms), so its comparison is not eligible. 86% of the cash-alone arm picked up the card. Monthly surveys were not analysed because of low response; results come from the exit survey (126 completed) and school records, and the exit survey's exact timing is not stated (before control programming began in summer 2022). Employment status was asked in surveys but no employment results are reported. All participants got $20 gift cards per survey and $40 for the exit survey. The exit survey's date is not given: it followed the end of the six months of payments (May 2022) and came before the control group's programming began in summer 2022, so it is placed at 6 months and counted as during payments under the one-month rule. The four monthly surveys are not analysed, so they are not waves. The financial health composite includes a financial-stress item, which is not coded as stress.", "third_reader": { "decided": [ "waves" ], "why": "Results come only from the exit survey, taken after the six months of $150 a week ended in May 2022 and before the waitlisted controls' programming began that summer (date not given; placed at 6 months, during payments); it presents psychological distress items and the physical and mental health composite, the only stress item is financial stress, and the monthly surveys were not analysed." } }, { "trial": "T75", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Three-arm RCT for transgender and nonbinary adults comparing $150 a month for six months, with or without peer mentoring, against a single $150 microgrant, with Kessler 6 as the primary outcome; protocol only.", "country": "United States", "sites": "National, web-based", "population": "Transgender and nonbinary adults aged 18 or over in the United States with at least one material hardship, able to consent in English, with a mobile phone, email and photo ID", "years": null, "arms": [ { "label": "Arm A: enhanced usual care (single $150 microgrant)", "kind": "control", "amount": 150, "currency": "USD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": null }, { "label": "Arm B: extended microgrants", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 150, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 6, "n_randomized": null }, { "label": "Arm C: peer mentoring (extended microgrants plus peer mentoring)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 150, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 6, "n_randomized": null } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T75-1", "treated": "Arm B: extended microgrants", "control": "Arm A: enhanced usual care (single $150 microgrant)", "kind": "recurring" }, { "id": "T75-2", "treated": "Arm C: peer mentoring (extended microgrants plus peer mentoring)", "control": "Arm A: enhanced usual care (single $150 microgrant)", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "gender identity (transgender man, transgender woman, nonbinary)", "payment_start": "2023-11", "payment_months": 6, "waves": [ { "label": "3-month process measures", "months_since_first_payment": 3, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "6-month survey (end of intervention)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 6 (K6), primary outcome" ], "employment_measures": null, "evaluator": "CARES study team (Duke University IRB of record) with the National Black Trans Advocacy Coalition", "result_reports": [], "notes": "Protocol only; planned 360 (120 per arm), 138 enrolled by July 2024, so n_randomized is null. Soft launch November 2023 (payment_start), full recruitment from January 2024 to March 2025. Microgrants by Mastercard; the only condition is monthly date-of-birth verification. All arms receive monthly financial education videos. Arm A's single $150 equals arm B's first payment. Arm C adds peer mentoring, so C vs A also reflects mentoring. Survey incentives $50 at baseline and 6 months, $70 at 12 months, to all. Planned sizes are 120 per arm (Table 1 of the protocol).", "third_reader": { "decided": [ "comparisons" ], "why": "Two comparisons, each monthly-microgrant arm against the single-$150 arm; the protocol gives only planned sizes of 120 per arm with 138 enrolled by July 2024 and no randomized counts by arm, so n_randomized is null." } }, { "trial": "T80", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A registered RCT in the San Francisco Bay Area that randomly gives households leaving Abode Services' rapid re-housing unconditional monthly payments of $800 to $2,000 (about $13,000 to $16,000 over 12 months) against a token $50 a month, with employment and earnings among the registered secondary outcomes; no results are in the files.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Five San Francisco Bay Area counties (Abode Services rapid re-housing programs)" ], "population": "Heads of household aged 18 or over exiting Abode Services' rapid re-housing programs, not in another cash transfer pilot", "years": null, "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1200, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": null }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 50, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": null } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T80-1", "treated": "Treatment group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": "family type (single or adults-only vs household with dependents) and county of residence", "payment_start": null, "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "12 months after random assignment (administrative data)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "24 months after random assignment (administrative data)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": null, "employment_measures": [ "earnings, wage rate, employed, job exits and job starts (secondary outcomes in the 2022 registration)" ], "evaluator": "LEO at the University of Notre Dame (Mary Kate Batistich, James Sullivan) and Stanford University (Adrienne Sabety), with Abode Services", "result_reports": [], "notes": "Only a pre-analysis plan (January 2023), its abstract and two registrations are in the files; no results yet, so measures are left empty. Treatment payments vary by family type and month (larger for families and in the first months), coded as their approximate average of $1,200 a month; they fall on a fixed schedule, not with earnings. Payments go on a preloaded debit card, with waivers sought for means-tested benefits (not possible for SSI). The plans differ: the 2022 registration (AEARCTR-0010372) planned 990 families (495 per arm), payments from February 2023, and employment and earnings as secondary outcomes; the pre-analysis plan expected enrollment from mid-2023 with 445 per arm analysed and names only homelessness, housing stability and credit outcomes; the 2024 registration (AEARCTR-0013550) gives 545 families (218 treatment, 327 control) from May 2024, with homelessness primary and housing stability and financial wellbeing secondary. Arm sizes are null because every file gives only planned numbers (495 and 495 in 2022; 218 treatment and 327 control in 2024), and payment dates are left null. All outcomes come from administrative data (HMIS, Infutor, Experian; employment records unnamed).", "third_reader": { "decided": [ "comparisons" ], "why": "One comparison of the treatment payments with the $50-a-month control; the registrations and pre-analysis plan give only planned sizes (495 and 495, then 218 and 327) and no file states how many were randomized, so n_randomized is null." } } ]