[ { "trial": "T01", "name": "OpenResearch Unconditional Income Study (Illinois and Texas)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Individuals were randomized to $1,000 a month for three years, unconditional and flat, against a control arm paid a token $50 a month, in the US, with mental health and employment among the reported outcomes.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "10 counties in north-central Texas, including the Dallas and Fort Worth area", "9 counties in northern Illinois, including the Chicago area" ], "population": "Adults aged 21-40 with 2019 household income at or below 300% of the federal poverty level (households receiving SSI, people receiving SSDI, and residents of subsidized public housing excluded)", "years": "2020-11 to 2023-10", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": [ "race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, other)", "income group (0-100%, 101-200%, 201-300% of FPL)", "state (Illinois or Texas)", "blocks of three formed on baseline covariates, with re-randomization to meet minimum balance p-values" ], "payment_start": "2020-11", "payment_months": 36, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 6 (K6)", "PHQ-9", "GAD-2 (two-question Generalized Anxiety Disorder screener, 0-6)", "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10)", "days mental health was good in the last 30", "SF-12 emotional-role items (accomplished less, did things less carefully, emotional problems interfered socially)", "mental health index (family index of the above)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed (survey, any paid work)", "employed (state unemployment-insurance records, quarterly)", "employed (UI records pooled with survey for non-consenters)", "hours worked per week (survey and app time diaries)", "individual wage/salary earnings (UI records and survey)", "total individual and household income excluding the transfers", "hours worked by partner and other household members", "job search, spells of non-employment, and quality-of-employment indices" ], "evaluator": "OpenResearch, with researchers at the University of Toronto, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UC Berkeley and University of Michigan; enumerated surveys by the University of Michigan Survey Research Center", "notes": "Control got $50/month for the same 36 months. Before randomization every enrollee received $50/month during an enrollment period (October 2019 to October 2020). People who knew each other or shared an address were randomized together (18 clusters of 2 and 2 of 3); all others singly. Transfers by direct deposit from non-profits in each state (a reloadable debit card for a few), treated as non-taxable gifts; benefit protections differed by state (Illinois protected SNAP, TANF, child care, Medicaid, energy assistance; Texas only Medicaid and energy assistance). Online-survey year windows are coded at their midpoints (6, 18, 30 months). Main estimates pool periods (endline 70%/midline 30%; years 3/2/1 at 50/30/20%). The PSS and GAD-2 were asked only in the monthly online surveys. Subjective well-being (life satisfaction 0-10, SPANE, domain satisfaction) is reported by year in the employment paper. The consumption paper (aei:openresearch-consumption) has no mental health or employment results. The post-program UI wave is the first quarter after the last payment (Q1 2024), read from the event-study figures (Figure VII, B.5); the report gives no exact end of that window. Biomarker home visits (October 2023-February 2024) measured physical health only.", "arms": [ { "label": "treatment", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 36, "n_randomized": 1000 }, { "label": "control", "kind": "control", "amount": 50, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 36, "n_randomized": 2000 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T01-1", "treated": "treatment", "control": "control", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 1000.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 36.0, "n_treated": 1000.0, "n_control": 2000.0, "control_amount": 50.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "Year 1 (monthly online surveys, app time diaries and quarterly UI records, Nov 2020-Oct 2021)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Midline (enumerated survey, April-August 2022, about 18 months of payments)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Year 2 (monthly online surveys, app time diaries and quarterly UI records, Nov 2021-Oct 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Endline (enumerated survey, March-August 2023, about 30 months of payments)", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Year 3 (monthly online surveys, app time diaries and quarterly UI records, Nov 2022-Oct 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "UI records after the program ends (event study, from Q1 2024)", "months_since_first_payment": 39, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "employment", "earnings" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "aei:openresearch-health", "aei:openresearch-employment" ], "registration": "AEARCTR-0006750", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0006750", "registered_before_payments": true } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T02", "name": "Baby's First Years (New York City, New Orleans, Omaha, Twin Cities)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Mothers of newborns were randomized within site to a $333 monthly unconditional debit-card gift or a token $20 monthly gift, flat, in the US, and the reports present maternal mental health and employment outcomes.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "New York City, New York", "New Orleans, Louisiana", "Omaha, Nebraska", "Minneapolis-St. Paul (Twin Cities), Minnesota" ], "population": "Mothers recruited in postpartum wards of 12 hospitals after giving birth, with prior-year household income below the federal poverty line, English or Spanish speaking, healthy singleton infant", "years": "2018-05 to 2025-09", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": [ "site (city), 40% high-cash / 60% low-cash within each site" ], "payment_start": "2018-05", "payment_months": 76, "mental_health_instruments": [ "PHQ-8 (ages 1-4)", "GAD-7 (ages 2-4)", "Beck Anxiety Inventory (ages 1 and 3)", "Perceived Stress Scale (9 items at ages 1-2, 10 items at age 3)", "parenting stress index (ages 1-2)", "hair cortisol (age 1, in-person subsample)" ], "employment_measures": [ "ever worked for pay or self-employed since the birth (age 1)", "months worked in the first year", "working for pay at the time of the survey", "hours worked per week (past month)", "months to labor-market re-entry and to full-time re-entry", "maternal earnings", "maternal employment, hours and total household earnings through age 4 (pmid:40726482, abstract only)" ], "evaluator": "Baby's First Years study team (University of California, Irvine; Columbia University; University of Wisconsin-Madison; New York University; University of Maryland; Duke University; with other partner universities)", "notes": "Control (low-cash gift) got a token $20/month on the same 4MyBaby debit card, freely spendable. First gift loaded at the hospital at birth, so months since first payment equal child age; enrollment staggered May 2018 to June 2019. Gifts promised for 40 months, extended to 52 months (June 2021) and to 76 months (June/August 2022), ending September 2025. States agreed the gifts would not affect SNAP, Medicaid, TANF, child care or LIHEAP; they counted for SSI. Age 1 interviews moved from home visits to phone in March 2020. Employment, hours and subjective well-being after age 1 appear only in abstracts (pmid:38907028 through age 3; pmid:40726482 through age 4). bfy:mh-covid-imhj analyzes only the low-cash group; pmid:32289072 in this trial's file list concerns the Stockton SEED pilot, not Baby's First Years.", "arms": [ { "label": "high-cash gift", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 333, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 76, "n_randomized": 400 }, { "label": "low-cash gift", "kind": "control", "amount": 20, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 76, "n_randomized": 600 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T02-1", "treated": "high-cash gift", "control": "low-cash gift", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 333.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 76.0, "n_treated": 400.0, "n_control": 600.0, "control_amount": 20.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment", "hours", "earnings", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "Age 2 (child's second birthday, July 2020-July 2021)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment", "hours", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "Age 3 (child's third birthday, July 2021-July 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 36, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment", "hours", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 48, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "pmid:40804074", "pmid:40522644", "bfy:health-jamaped", "bfy:wellbeing-ssrn", "bfy:employment-ssr", "bfy:nber-w30379", "pmid:36798246", "pmid:40726482", "pmid:38907028", "pmid:39148861", "ppr:PPR613857", "NCT03593356" ], "registration": "NCT03593356", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT03593356", "registered_before_payments": true }, { "id": "AEARCTR-0003262", "registered_before_payments": false } ], "integrity": { "ok": false } }, { "trial": "T03", "name": "Stockton Economic Empowerment Demonstration (SEED)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Stockton residents were randomly assigned to $500 a month on a prepaid debit card, unconditional and flat, or to a no-cash control, in the US, with psychological distress and employment reported.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Stockton, California" ], "population": "Adults (18+) with a Stockton address in census tracts at or below the city's median household income ($46,033), recruited by mailer", "years": "2019-02 to 2021-01", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2019-02", "payment_months": 24, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "SF-36 mental health subscales (emotional well-being; role limitations due to emotional health)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed (full-time, part-time, or stay-at-home parent/caregiver) vs. not employed, among those eligible for employment (retired, disabled and students excluded)" ], "evaluator": "SEED research team (article authors; research approved by the University of Tennessee, Knoxville IRB); program run by the City of Stockton (Office of Mayor Michael Tubbs) with the Economic Security Project", "notes": "Simple random assignment in Stata from mailer respondents (addresses sampled by census tract). Payments planned for 18 months (registration; pmid:32289072) and run for 24 (February 2019-January 2021). The administrative (passive) control consented only to administrative data and has no reported outcomes, so it forms no comparison. Months are computed from the February 2019 first payment; Wave 2 (January/February 2019) is treated as baseline. Results are reported only at Waves 4, 6 and 7 (baseline-Wave 4, Wave 4-6 during COVID, Wave 6-7 after payments). Retention by endline about 55% treatment and 35% control; 14 'politically purposive' treatment members excluded. The employment measure counts stay-at-home caregivers as employed. A hold-harmless fund reimbursed recipients' benefit losses.", "arms": [ { "label": "treatment", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 131 }, { "label": "control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 200 }, { "label": "administrative control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 147 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T03-1", "treated": "treatment", "control": "control", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 24.0, "n_treated": 131.0, "n_control": 200.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "Wave 3 (August 2019)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "Wave 4 (February 2020)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment" ] }, { "label": "Wave 5 (August 2020)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "Wave 6 (February 2021, final disbursement)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment" ] }, { "label": "Wave 7 (August 2021, 6-month follow-up)", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "pmid:37037977" ], "registration": "AEARCTR-0003655", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0003655", "registered_before_payments": true } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T04", "name": "Cambridge RISE (Massachusetts)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Single caregivers were randomized to $500 a month for 18 months, unconditional and flat, or to a no-cash control, in the US, with psychological distress and employment reported.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Cambridge, Massachusetts" ], "population": "Single (unmarried) caregivers aged 18+ of at least one child under 18, Cambridge residents with income below 80% of area median income", "years": "2021-09 to 2023-02", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2021-09", "payment_months": 18, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale, 4-item (PSS-4)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employment status categories: employed full-time; employed part-time or seasonal; business owner/self-employed; gig worker; stay-at-home parent or caregiver; student; retired/disabled; unemployed looking for work; unemployed not looking for work" ], "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania", "notes": "286 of 488 applicants selected and randomized. Controls were paid only for surveys. The planned 6-month post-payment survey was dropped because eligible participants moved into the follow-on Rise Up cash program, so there is no post-payment wave. Benefit waivers protected housing and DTA benefits. SF-36 mental health subscales were not collected. Attrition 50% at 6 months; missing data multiply imputed (MICE).", "arms": [ { "label": "treatment", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 18, "n_randomized": 130 }, { "label": "control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 156 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T04-1", "treated": "treatment", "control": "control", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 18.0, "n_treated": 130.0, "n_control": 156.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "6-month (February 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "12-month (August 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "18-month (February 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "cgir:CGIR-Report-Cambridge-MA" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T05", "name": "Columbia Life Improvement Monthly Boost (CLIMB, South Carolina)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Fathers were randomized to $500 a month for 12 months, unconditional and flat, or to a no-cash control, in the US, with psychological distress and employment reported.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Columbia, South Carolina (ZIP codes 29203 and 29223)" ], "population": "Fathers living in ZIP codes 29203 or 29223 who were current or former clients of the Midlands Fatherhood Coalition", "years": "2021-08 to 2022-09", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2021-08", "payment_months": 12, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employment status categories: employed full-time; employed part-time or seasonal; business owner/self-employed; gig worker; stay-at-home parent or caregiver; student; retired/disabled; unemployed looking for work; unemployed not looking for work" ], "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania", "notes": "Simple random assignment of 230 from 251 applicants after the baseline survey (January-April 2021); controls paid only for surveys. The report gives the payment span as August 2021 to September 2022 for 12 monthly payments. Most fathers owed child support or other court-ordered payments (about $300/month), not a condition of the cash. Treatment fathers had higher baseline stress. Attrition 51%, 43% and 52% at the three follow-ups; MICE imputation.", "arms": [ { "label": "treatment", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 100 }, { "label": "control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 130 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T05-1", "treated": "treatment", "control": "control", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": 100.0, "n_control": 130.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "6 months (February 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "12 months (August 2022, end of payments)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "18 months (February 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "cgir:CGIR-Report-Columbia-SC" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T06", "name": "Durham Excel (North Carolina)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Formerly incarcerated residents were randomized to $600 a month for 12 months, unconditional and flat, or to a no-cash control, in the US, with psychological distress and employment reported.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Durham, North Carolina" ], "population": "Adults 18+ living within Durham city limits, released from incarceration within the previous 5 years, with income at or below 60% of the 2021 Durham-Chapel Hill area median income", "years": "2022-03 to 2023-02", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-03", "payment_months": 12, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10), total and depression and anxiety subscores", "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employment status categories: employed full-time; employed part-time or seasonal; business owner/self-employed; gig worker; stay-at-home parent or caregiver; student; retired/disabled; unemployed looking for work; unemployed not looking for work" ], "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania", "notes": "247 selected from about 870 applicants; controls paid only for surveys. The program launched in March 2022 and the 18-month survey was 6 months after the last payment, so payments are coded March 2022-February 2023, although one passage says participants began receiving payments in January 2022. Baseline equivalence was not established (ethnicity, full-time employment); models adjust for ethnicity. Implemented with StepUp Durham. MICE imputation.", "arms": [ { "label": "treatment", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 600, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 109 }, { "label": "control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 138 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T06-1", "treated": "treatment", "control": "control", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 600.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": 109.0, "n_control": 138.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "6 months (August 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "12 months (February 2023, end of payments)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "18 months (August 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "cgir:CGIR-Report-Durham-NC" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T07", "name": "Just Income (Gainesville, Florida)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "People recently released from incarceration were randomized to monthly unconditional cash ($1,000 then $600 a month for 12 months), flat, or to a no-cash control, in the US, with psychological distress and employment reported.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Gainesville / Alachua County, Florida" ], "population": "Alachua County residents 18+ with a felony conviction released from a Florida jail or prison, or starting felony probation in Alachua County, between August 9, 2021 and February 9, 2022", "years": "2022-01 to 2023-02", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-01", "payment_months": 12, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10), total and depression and anxiety subscores", "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employment status categories: employed full-time; employed part-time or seasonal; business owner/self-employed; gig worker; stay-at-home parent or caregiver; student; retired/disabled; unemployed looking for work; unemployed not looking for work" ], "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania", "notes": "First month paid $1,000, then $600 a month for 11 months. Two recruitment cohorts (baselines January and March 2022), so payments ran January-December 2022 and March 2022-February 2023. 249 of about 300 applicants; controls paid only for surveys. Program run by Community Spring. Very high attrition, especially among controls (27 of 134 at 18 months); MICE imputation.", "arms": [ { "label": "treatment", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 600, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 115 }, { "label": "control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 134 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T07-1", "treated": "treatment", "control": "control", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 600.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": 115.0, "n_control": 134.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "6 months (June/August 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "12 months (December 2022/February 2023, end of payments)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "18 months (June/August 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T08", "name": "UpLift, the Central Iowa Basic Income Pilot", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Central Iowa households with dependents were randomized to $500 a month for 24 months, unconditional and flat, or to a no-cash control, in the US, with psychological distress and employment reported.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Polk, Dallas and Warren Counties, Iowa (metropolitan, micropolitan and rural areas)" ], "population": "Adults 18+ living with at least one dependent (up to age 25), household income at or below 60% of area median income", "years": "2023-05 to 2025-04", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": [ "geography (sample set at 65% metropolitan, 25% micropolitan, 10% rural)" ], "payment_start": "2023-05", "payment_months": 24, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employment status categories: employed full-time; employed part-time or seasonal; business owner/self-employed; gig worker; stay-at-home parent or caregiver; student; retired/disabled; unemployed looking for work; unemployed not looking for work", "hours per shift", "days worked per week", "days missed from work", "days less productive at work" ], "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania", "notes": "Reported as 'basic income'. Both arms received $50 gift cards per survey. Geography included as a covariate; the reports do not give survey dates beyond the 6-month schedule. The parenting report's appendix tabulates K10 and PSS at every wave. Coordinated by the Harkin Institute at Drake University with Des Moines University for outreach.", "arms": [ { "label": "treatment", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 110 }, { "label": "control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 140 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T08-1", "treated": "treatment", "control": "control", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 24.0, "n_treated": 110.0, "n_control": 140.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "6 months", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment", "hours" ] }, { "label": "12 months", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment", "hours" ] }, { "label": "18 months", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment", "hours" ] }, { "label": "24 months", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment", "hours" ] }, { "label": "30 months (6 months after the final payment)", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment", "hours" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-HealthAndHope", "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Affordability", "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Parenting" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T09", "name": "Ithaca Guaranteed Income (New York)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Caregivers were randomized to $450 a month for 12 months, unconditional and flat, or to a no-cash control, in the US, with psychological distress and employment reported.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Ithaca, New York" ], "population": "Caregivers aged 18+ (unpaid care for children or for ill, disabled or aging adults) living in the City of Ithaca with income at or below 80% of area median income", "years": "2022-06 to 2023-05", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": [ "race/ethnicity (weighted allocation to mirror Housing Choice Voucher recipients)" ], "payment_start": "2022-06", "payment_months": 12, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employment status categories: employed full-time; employed part-time or seasonal; business owner/self-employed; gig worker; stay-at-home parent or caregiver; student; retired/disabled; unemployed looking for work; unemployed not looking for work" ], "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania", "notes": "242 randomized from about 390 applicants (baseline December 2021); onboarding took about 6 months, delaying the 6-month survey. Replacement of treatment participants during onboarding altered the planned race-weighted proportions, leaving a baseline imbalance that models address with an ethnicity interaction. Two controls withdrew (analysis n=240). Controls paid only for surveys; implemented with the Human Service Coalition of Tompkins County.", "arms": [ { "label": "treatment", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 450, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 110 }, { "label": "control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 132 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T09-1", "treated": "treatment", "control": "control", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 450.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": 110.0, "n_control": 132.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "6 months (November 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "12 months (May 2023, final disbursement)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "18 months (November 2023, 6 months after the final disbursement)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "cgir:CGIR-Report-Ithaca-NY" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T10", "name": "BIG:LEAP (City of Los Angeles)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Applicants were randomized, within council-district quotas, to $1,000 a month for 12 months, unconditional and flat, or to a no-cash control, in the US, with psychological distress and employment reported.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "City of Los Angeles, California" ], "population": "Residents 18+ with a dependent child under 18 (or a student under 24) or pregnant, income at or below the federal poverty line, and economic or medical hardship related to COVID-19", "years": "2022-01 to 2023-03", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": [ "City Council district (quota allocation of slots by district)" ], "payment_start": "2022-01", "payment_months": 12, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale, 4-item (PSS-4)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employment status categories: employed full-time; employed part-time or seasonal; business owner/self-employed; gig worker; stay-at-home parent or caregiver; student; retired/disabled; unemployed looking for work; unemployed not looking for work" ], "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania, with the USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work and the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health", "notes": "Over 50,000 applied; 8,194 randomized. Payments began January 2022 and ran through March 2023 (staggered starts). Controls paid only for surveys; treatment received benefits counseling. Implemented by the city's Community Investment for Families Department; registered as NCT07200648 (registration has no results). Multilevel models account for council districts.", "arms": [ { "label": "treatment", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 3202 }, { "label": "control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 4992 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T10-1", "treated": "treatment", "control": "control", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 1000.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": 3202.0, "n_control": 4992.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "6 months (Wave 2, August 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "12 months (Wave 3, February 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "18 months (Wave 4, August 2023, post-intervention)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "cgir:CGIR-Report-LA-CA-BIGLEAP", "pmid:40633007" ], "registration": "NCT07200648", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT07200648", "registered_before_payments": false } ], "integrity": { "ok": false } }, { "trial": "T11", "name": "Madison Forward Fund (Wisconsin)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Madison parents below 200% of poverty were randomly assigned to an unconditional, flat $500 a month for 12 months or a no-cash control, with Kessler 10 distress, perceived stress, and employment reported.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Madison, Wisconsin" ], "population": "Adult Madison residents with household income below 200% of the federal poverty line and a child under 18 in the home", "years": "2022-09 to 2023-08", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-09", "payment_months": 12, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed full-time", "employed part-time or seasonal", "unemployed and actively looking for work", "gig worker", "other employment status categories" ], "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania, and the Institute for Research on Poverty (IRP), University of Wisconsin-Madison", "notes": "From over 9,000 applicants, 155 households were randomly assigned to the program and 200 to control; the research sample was 146 treatment and 171 control, and 2 controls withdrew (final 315: 146 vs 169). Partners: City of Madison, Mayors for a Guaranteed Income, TASC (administrator), IRP, CGIR; privately funded; benefits counseling before enrollment. Payment method not stated. Baseline August 2022. Groups were unbalanced at baseline on the K10 (treatment higher) and on covering a $400 emergency, which all models control for. Attrition 37%, 32%, 33% at 6, 12, 18 months with about 21-27% differential attrition; MICE imputation, linear mixed models, GEE, regression-adjusted means. Employment reported as shares by status with odds ratios.", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment (Madison Forward Fund, $500/month)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 155 }, { "label": "Control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 200 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T11-1", "treated": "Treatment (Madison Forward Fund, $500/month)", "control": "Control", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": 155.0, "n_control": 200.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "6 months (February 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "12 months (August 2023, when payments ended)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "18 months (February 2024, 6 months after payments ended)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "cgir:CGIR-Report-Madison-WI" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T12", "name": "New Orleans guaranteed income pilot (Louisiana)", "eligible": false, "reason": "no_control_arm", "why": "Recipients were a random draw of applicants, but the evaluation was a non-experimental single-group pre-post study with no control or comparison group followed.", "decided_by": "both coders", "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T13", "name": "Newark Movement for Economic Equity (New Jersey)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A three-arm RCT randomized Newark residents to recurring cash ($250 twice a month) or semi-annual $3,000 lump sums for two years, both unconditional and flat, or to a no-cash control, in the US, with distress and employment reported.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Newark, New Jersey (nine ZIP codes)" ], "population": "Newark residents 18+ with income at or below 200% of the federal poverty line who had been adversely affected by COVID-19", "years": "2021-11 to 2023-10", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": [ "ZIP code (nine ZIP codes contributing equal shares to each arm)" ], "payment_start": "2021-11", "payment_months": 24, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10), total and depression and anxiety components", "Perceived Stress Scale, 4-item (PSS-4)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employment status by the Census protocol (employed full-time; part-time or seasonal; gig; self-employed; stay-at-home caregiver; retired/disabled; student; unemployed looking / not looking)", "barriers to employment (e.g., childcare) and reasons for not seeking work" ], "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania", "notes": "Recurring arm paid $250 twice a month ($500/month). Lump-sum arm paid $3,000 twice a year (four payments over 24 months, $6,000/year); the report does not give its payment dates, so its last payment preceded the 24-month survey by an unknown interval. 878 randomized from about 4,700 applicants, ratio 1:1:2.4 with the control oversampled. The methods give the first disbursement as November 2021 and the last 6 months before April 2024; the executive summary says October 2021-September 2023. Controls paid only for surveys. The companion report on housing, parenting and education (cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ-2, listed as T14) covers the same trial.", "arms": [ { "label": "recurring payment", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 200 }, { "label": "lump-sum payment", "kind": "lump_sum", "amount": 6000, "currency": "USD", "per": "year", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 200 }, { "label": "control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 478 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T13-1", "treated": "recurring payment", "control": "control", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 24.0, "n_treated": 200.0, "n_control": 478.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" }, { "id": "T13-2", "treated": "lump-sum payment", "control": "control", "kind": "lump_sum", "monthly_amount": null, "lump_sum": 6000.0, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 24.0, "n_treated": 200.0, "n_control": 478.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "6 months (April 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "12 months (October 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "18 months (April 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "24 months (October 2023, time of the last payment)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "30 months (April 2024, 6 months after the last payment)", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T15", "name": "Oakland Resilient Families (California)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Low-income Oakland families were randomized to $500 a month for 18 months, unconditional and flat, or to a no-cash control, in the US, with psychological distress and employment reported.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Oakland, California" ], "population": "Oakland residents with at least one child under 18 in the household and 2021 income at or below 138% of the federal poverty line", "years": "2022-01 to 2023-06", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-01", "payment_months": 18, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10), total and depression and anxiety subscores", "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employment status categories: employed full-time; employed part-time or seasonal; business owner/self-employed; gig worker; stay-at-home parent or caregiver; student; retired/disabled; unemployed looking for work; unemployed not looking for work" ], "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania", "notes": "660 randomly selected from over 11,000 applicants (baseline October 2021), then assigned 300/360. Implemented by UpTogether with the City of Oakland. Controls paid only for surveys. MICE imputation.", "arms": [ { "label": "treatment", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 18, "n_randomized": 300 }, { "label": "control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 360 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T15-1", "treated": "treatment", "control": "control", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 18.0, "n_treated": 300.0, "n_control": 360.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "6 months (June 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "12 months (December 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "18 months (June 2023, end of payments)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "24 months (January 2024, 6 months after payments ended)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T16", "name": "Paterson Guaranteed Income Pilot (New Jersey)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Applicants were randomized to $400 a month for 12 months, unconditional and flat, or to a no-cash control, in the US, with psychological distress and employment reported.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Paterson, New Jersey" ], "population": "Residents 18+ earning below New Jersey's living wage ($30,000 for single individuals, $88,000 for families)", "years": "2021-07 to 2022-06", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": [ "race/ethnicity (randomized sample weighted 60% Latinx, 26% Black, 8% White, 4% Asian)" ], "payment_start": "2021-07", "payment_months": 12, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employment status categories: employed full-time; employed part-time or seasonal; business owner/self-employed; gig worker; stay-at-home parent or caregiver; student; retired/disabled; unemployed looking for work; unemployed not looking for work" ], "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania", "notes": "241 drawn at random from about 3,600 applicants (baseline April 2021). The program ran July 2021-June 2022; the methods section's 'first disbursement in July 2022' is a typo given the survey dates. Very high attrition (control respondents 22-30 per follow-up). Controls paid only for surveys. pilot:pgip_1 is an identical copy of the CGIR report.", "arms": [ { "label": "treatment", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 400, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 110 }, { "label": "control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 131 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T16-1", "treated": "treatment", "control": "control", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 400.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": 110.0, "n_control": 131.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "6 months (December 2021)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "12 months (June 2022, end of the program)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "18 months (December 2022, 6 months after the program ended)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "cgir:CGIR-Report-Paterson-NJ", "pilot:pgip_1" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T17", "name": "Providence Guaranteed Income (Rhode Island)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Low-income residents were randomized to $500 a month for 18 months, unconditional and flat, or to a no-cash control, in the US, with psychological distress and employment reported.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Providence, Rhode Island" ], "population": "Providence residents 18+ with income below 200% of the federal poverty line (excluding American Rescue Plan income)", "years": "2021-11 to 2023-04", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": [ "race/ethnicity (randomized sample weighted 44% Hispanic/Latino, 16.5% White, 15.2% Black, 16.8% other)" ], "payment_start": "2021-11", "payment_months": 18, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employment status categories: employed full-time; employed part-time or seasonal; business owner/self-employed; gig worker; stay-at-home parent or caregiver; student; retired/disabled; unemployed looking for work; unemployed not looking for work" ], "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania", "notes": "242 selected from about 4,000 eligible applicants after the August 2021 baseline. Implemented with Amos House. Controls paid only for surveys. Attrition 51% at 6 months and 33-38% at later waves; MICE imputation.", "arms": [ { "label": "treatment", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 18, "n_randomized": 110 }, { "label": "control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 132 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T17-1", "treated": "treatment", "control": "control", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 18.0, "n_treated": 110.0, "n_control": 132.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "6 months (April 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "12 months (October 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "18 months (April 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "24 months (October 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T18", "name": "Richmond RVA Guaranteed Income (Virginia)", "eligible": false, "reason": "no_control_arm", "why": "Eighteen recipients were randomly selected from a city client list, but the study followed only them, with no control or comparison group.", "decided_by": "both coders", "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T19", "name": "San Diego for Every Child (California)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Families with young children were randomized to $500 a month for 24 months, unconditional and flat, or to a no-cash control, in the US, with psychological distress and employment reported.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Encanto/Bay Terraces (92114), San Diego", "Paradise Hills (92139), San Diego", "National City (91950)", "San Ysidro (92173), San Diego" ], "population": "Families with at least one child under 12, income at or below 200% of the federal poverty line, living in one of the four ZIP codes", "years": "2022-03 to 2024-02", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-03", "payment_months": 24, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employment status categories: employed full-time; employed part-time or seasonal; business owner/self-employed; gig worker; stay-at-home parent or caregiver; student; retired/disabled; unemployed looking for work; unemployed not looking for work" ], "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania", "notes": "300 families randomly selected from about 5,300 eligible applicants (baseline December 2021); one per arm later withdrew (n=298). More Latino participants in control; models control for race. Controls paid only for surveys. pilot:sand_1 is an identical copy of the CGIR report.", "arms": [ { "label": "treatment", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 150 }, { "label": "control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 150 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T19-1", "treated": "treatment", "control": "control", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 24.0, "n_treated": 150.0, "n_control": 150.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "6 months (August 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "12 months (February 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "18 months (August 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "24 months (February 2024, final payment)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "30 months (August 2024, 6 months after the final payment)", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA", "pilot:sand_1" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T20", "name": "Santa Fe guaranteed income pilot (New Mexico)", "eligible": false, "reason": "no_control_arm", "why": "Most recipients were randomly selected from applicants, but the evaluation was a non-experimental longitudinal study of the 100 recipients with no control or comparison group.", "decided_by": "both coders", "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T21", "name": "People's Prosperity Pilot and CollegeBound Boost (Saint Paul, Minnesota)", "eligible": false, "reason": "no_eligible_outcome", "why": "The randomized part, CollegeBound Boost ($500 a month for 24 months plus quarterly deposits to a child's college savings account, against CSA-only and deposits-only arms), is reported only in two qualitative interview papers that present no mental health or employment outcomes by arm and state no plan to, while the People's Prosperity Pilot report that presents Kessler-10 and employment is a single-group study with no control group.", "decided_by": "third reader", "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T22", "name": "Growing Resilience in Tacoma (GRIT, Washington)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Applicants were randomly assigned to $500/month unconditional cash for 12 months or a no-cash control, and the report presents Kessler distress, perceived stress, and full-time employment.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Tacoma, Washington (ZIP codes 98404, 98405, 98408, 98409)" ], "population": "Single parents or guardians of a child 0-17 (or disabled child to 21) with income 100-200% of the federal poverty level", "years": "2021-12 to 2022-11", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2021-12", "payment_months": 12, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003), total and anxiety subscale", "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed full-time (self-reported employment status)", "part-time or seasonal work", "unemployed and looking for work", "stay-at-home parent or caregiver" ], "evaluator": "University of Pennsylvania Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR)", "notes": "Baseline survey August 2021; wave months are the report's labels. The treatment group was already more often employed full-time at baseline (57% vs 42%). Estimates are GEE regression-adjusted means after multiple imputation. Both groups were compensated for surveys. Attrition at 18 months: 94 of 110 treatment, 96 of 132 control.", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 110 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 132 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T22-1", "treated": "Treatment group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": 110.0, "n_control": 132.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "6 months (May 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "12 months (November 2022, as the cash ended)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "18 months (May 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T23", "name": "Project Resilience (Ulster County, New York)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Applicants were randomly selected for $500/month unconditional cash or a no-cash control, and the report presents Kessler-10, perceived stress, and employment status.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Ulster County, New York" ], "population": "Ulster County households earning under 80% of area median income ($46,900)", "years": "2021-05 to 2022-09", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2021-05", "payment_months": 17, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10)", "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed full-time", "employed part-time" ], "evaluator": "University of Pennsylvania Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR)", "notes": "100 households were randomized to payments and 84 to control, but the research sample was 61 treatment and 84 control. Payments were $500 from May 2021 to June 2022 (12 planned plus 2 extended months), then tapered by schedule, not by income: $400 in July, $350 in August, $250 in September 2022. Wave months computed from dates (first payment May 2021); the report also calls Wave 4 six months after the pilot's original end. Treatment participants got benefits counseling. Complete-case analysis with heavy control attrition (employment table n = 32 treatment, 34 control).", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 17, "n_randomized": 100 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 84 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T23-1", "treated": "Treatment group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 17.0, "n_treated": 100.0, "n_control": 84.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "Wave 3 (April 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 11, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] }, { "label": "Wave 4 / endline (October 2022, shortly after the GI ended)", "months_since_first_payment": 17, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "cgir:CGIR-Report-UlsterCounty-NY" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T24", "name": "Compton Pledge (California)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Low-income Compton households were randomly assigned to two years of flat unconditional transfers (paid twice monthly or quarterly) or a no-transfer control, and the endline reports a psychological well-being index that includes the K6, plus labor market participation, hours, and earnings.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Compton, California (Los Angeles County)" ], "population": "Low-income households in Compton with a member aged 23 to 57 and income below 220% of the federal poverty line, excluding SSI/SSDI recipients", "years": "2021-02 to 2023-04", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "participant sex", "payment_start": "2021-02", "payment_months": 24, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Psychological well-being index: first principal component of depression frequency (1-5), stress frequency (1-5), life satisfaction (1-10), happiness (1-4), and the Kessler 6 (K6); only the index is reported" ], "employment_measures": [ "participated in labor market (any hours worked)", "weekly hours worked in formal, informal, and self-employment jobs", "respondent earnings before taxes, last 30 days", "household income excluding transfers, last 30 days", "follow-up survey: self-reported increase or decrease since March 2021 in weekly work hours and weekly earnings (Likert items)" ], "evaluator": "Balakrishnan (Jain Family Institute), Chan and Morduch (NYU Wagner), Constantino (Stanford), and Haushofer (Cornell); survey data collected by the USC Center for Economic and Social Research (CESR)", "notes": "Transfer size depended on the number of children ($300, $450, or $600 a month); $492 is the average among the 625 who took up; averaged over all 695 offered (70 never took up) it was $442 ($448 twice-monthly, $436 quarterly). Both arms had the same total value: the twice-monthly arm was paid on the 7th and 21st of each month and the quarterly arm a lump sum at the start of each quarter, so amounts are coded as monthly equivalents. Paid by prepaid debit card, direct deposit, PayPal, or Venmo; benefits protected by waivers and a hold-harmless fund. Everyone was paid $50 per completed survey, with extra follow-up and timeliness bonuses aimed especially at controls. Endline response was 51% (1,074: 374 treated, 700 control). Randomization ran in enrollment waves with different treatment shares, and the analysis is weighted; 253 participants were erroneously re-randomized in the second wave; 102 households paid from the program's start in December 2020-January 2021 are excluded; 38 households had more than one recipient. The Summer 2023 follow-up (942 respondents) asked retrospectively about changes since March 2021 (Table A14); its months are computed from dates. The May 2025 paper supersedes the November 2024 NBER version (aei:compton and registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1 are the same file).", "arms": [ { "label": "Twice-monthly transfers", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 492, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 345 }, { "label": "Quarterly transfers", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 492, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 350 }, { "label": "Control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 1402 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T24-1", "treated": "Twice-monthly transfers", "control": "Control", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 492.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 24.0, "n_treated": 345.0, "n_control": 1402.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" }, { "id": "T24-2", "treated": "Quarterly transfers", "control": "Control", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 492.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 24.0, "n_treated": 350.0, "n_control": 1402.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "Endline survey (18 months after the start of transfers, May-September 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Follow-up survey (Summer 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 28, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "hours", "earnings" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2", "aei:compton", "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1" ], "registration": "AEARCTR-0007621", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0007621", "registered_before_payments": false } ], "integrity": { "ok": false } }, { "trial": "T25", "name": "Montgomery County Guaranteed Income Program (Maryland)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Main-cohort parents were chosen by lottery for $800 a month for 24 months, with lottery losers as the comparison group, and the report presents anxiety, worry, self-rated mental health, employment and earnings at 18 and 24 months.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "USA", "sites": "Montgomery County, Maryland", "population": "county DHHS clients who had applied for or received benefits since 2020, with a child under 18 and at least one priority condition (child 6 or under, single adult head, older adult with child, or COVID relief eligibility)", "years": "2022-07 to 2024-08", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-07", "payment_months": 24, "mental_health_instruments": [ "felt anxious more than half the days or nearly every day", "not able to stop worrying", "struggling with mental health (self-rated very poor or poor)", "felt worried about children's mental health" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed (full- or part-time, self-employed, seasonal, informal)", "unemployed and looking for work", "not in the labor force", "personal annual income from paid work (bands)" ], "evaluator": "Urban Institute (surveys administered by Montgomery County DHHS)", "notes": "DHHS invited a random sample of 1,066 eligible clients; 401 applied and 200 were chosen by lottery; the comparison group is 166 eligible applicants not selected. The comparison group had no baseline survey; survey weights used. A second cohort (SEPH, 100 people who had exited shelters) has a comparison group not formed by lottery and only administrative housing outcomes, so it is not part of the randomized comparison and is not coded as an arm. Treatment participants were each assigned a guaranteed-income coach and got benefits counseling (controls did not); some federal benefit waivers were not obtained. Payments began in summer 2022 (month not stated; enrollment May-Oct 2022), so payment_start, years and interview months are approximate. The 24-month survey was taken by most about three months after their last payment. Response rates 60% (18 months) and 50% (24 months), small comparison-group samples.", "arms": [ { "label": "Main cohort (MoCo BOOST participants)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 800, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 200 }, { "label": "Main cohort comparison group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 166 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T25-1", "treated": "Main cohort (MoCo BOOST participants)", "control": "Main cohort comparison group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 800.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 24.0, "n_treated": 200.0, "n_control": 166.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "18-month survey (April 2024)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "24-month survey (November 2024)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "earnings" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "aei:montgomery" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T26", "name": "Denver Basic Income Project (Colorado)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Adults experiencing homelessness were randomized to $1,000/month, a $6,500 lump sum then $500/month, or a $50/month active control, and the report presents Kessler-10 and employment.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Denver, Colorado" ], "population": "Adults experiencing homelessness using one of 19 partner agencies, without severe unaddressed mental health or substance use needs", "years": "2022-11 to 2024-01", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-11", "payment_months": 12, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Parenting Distress Scale (stress related to parenting; parents only)" ], "employment_measures": [ "full-time employment as a source of income", "part-time employment as a source of income", "paid temporary work" ], "evaluator": "Daniel Brisson, Katie Hoops Calhoun and colleagues (the report's text does not name their organization)", "notes": "Group B got $6,500 at the start and $500/month for the next 11 months ($12,000 total, as Group A). All groups got a phone with a 12-month plan, a debit card, and connection to the project, so Group C is an active control. 807 enrolled; per-group randomized numbers are not given (Timepoint 1 respondents: A 209, B 193, C 229). Cohorts were first paid Nov 15, 2022 to Feb 15, 2023, about a month after enrollment; Timepoint 3, 10 months after enrollment, is coded at 9 months since the first payment. Timepoint 1 was at enrollment, after participants knew their group. Results compare Timepoint 1 to 3 for those completing both. The report says the project was extended by 6 months. Biweekly text surveys were also collected. The older-adult subsample abstract (openalex:W4405976894) reports housing and SF-36 only.", "arms": [ { "label": "Group A ($1,000/month)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": null }, { "label": "Group B (lump sum)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": null }, { "label": "Group C ($50/month)", "kind": "control", "amount": 50, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": null } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T26-1", "treated": "Group A ($1,000/month)", "control": "Group C ($50/month)", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 1000.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": null, "n_control": null, "control_amount": 50.0, "control_per": "month" }, { "id": "T26-2", "treated": "Group B (lump sum)", "control": "Group C ($50/month)", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": null, "n_control": null, "control_amount": 50.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "Timepoint 3 (10 months after enrollment, August-November 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 9, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "aei:denver" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T27", "name": "In Her Hands (Georgia)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Women were chosen by lottery for $850 a month or $4,300 then $700 a month for 24 months, with non-selected applicants as the comparison group, and the reports present K10 distress, employment and work hours.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "USA", "sites": "Old Fourth Ward (Atlanta), College Park, and the Clay-Randolph-Terrell county cluster, Georgia", "population": "women 18+ with household income at or below 200% of the federal poverty level in three majority-Black Georgia communities", "years": "2022-07 to 2024-06", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-07", "payment_months": 24, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler-10 (K10)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed full-time", "employed part-time", "unemployed", "weekly hours worked" ], "evaluator": "Research team led by Leah Hamilton (Appalachian State University) with the Center for Social Development at Washington University in St. Louis, Morehouse School of Medicine, UCLA and Clark Atlanta University", "notes": "Group B: $4,300 in month 1, then $700/month for months 2-24 ($20,400 in all, as Group A). 15,309 applied, 2,370 eligible; 654 randomized to payments (329 A, 325 B) and 1,716 comparison (the final report says about 1,816). The final report pools both cash arms against the comparison group. The comparison group had no baseline survey and was surveyed only annually (recipients twice a year); response 40.8% vs 11.9% at 12 months and 41.6% vs 10.5% at 24 months. Program launched in summer 2022 (first-payment month not stated, so payment_start and years are approximate); the 24-month survey came about 24 months after the first payment, around the end of payments. K10 at 12 and 24 months is in the abstract pmid:41448443; openalex:W7213452893 reports credit, debt and savings. Implemented by the Georgia Resilience and Opportunity Fund and GiveDirectly. $20-40 per survey.", "arms": [ { "label": "Group A ($850 per month)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 850, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 329 }, { "label": "Group B ($4,300, then $700 per month)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 700, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 325 }, { "label": "Comparison group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 1716 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T27-1", "treated": "Group A ($850 per month)", "control": "Comparison group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 850.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 24.0, "n_treated": 329.0, "n_control": 1716.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" }, { "id": "T27-2", "treated": "Group B ($4,300, then $700 per month)", "control": "Comparison group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 700.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 24.0, "n_treated": 325.0, "n_control": 1716.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "12-month survey (Year One)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours" ] }, { "label": "24-month survey (Year Two, summer-fall 2024)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "aei:in-her-hands", "pmid:41448443" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T28", "name": "Rise Up Alameda (California)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Applicants were randomly assigned to $1,000 a month for 24 months or to a control group, and the interim report presents K10 distress, perceived stress and employment at 12 months.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "USA", "sites": "Alameda, California", "population": "Alameda residents 18+ with household income at or below 50% of area median income", "years": "2023-12 to 2025-11", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2023-12", "payment_months": 24, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale, 4-item (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed full-time", "any paid or unpaid work (including full-time caregiving)", "unemployed and reasons for job search", "household income" ], "evaluator": "Abt Global", "notes": "2,368 eligible applicants. 192 were randomly selected for the program group; 42 proved ineligible or declined and were replaced by randomly selected unassigned applicants; 150 received GI. Inactive members are treated as survey nonrespondents, so the program group is coded as 192 (the report also describes 150 vs 180). Benefits counseling for those selected; no ongoing eligibility recertification. Response at 12 months 62% program vs 51% control. Results from the 6-month brief survey are in an appendix not included in the file. Interim report; final report due 2026.", "arms": [ { "label": "Program group (Rise Up participants)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 192 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 180 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T28-1", "treated": "Program group (Rise Up participants)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 1000.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 24.0, "n_treated": 192.0, "n_control": 180.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "6-month three-question survey", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "one-year (12-month) survey", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "18-month three-question survey", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "two-year survey (planned, November 2025)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] } ], "result_reports": [ "aei:rise-up-alameda" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T29", "name": "Minneapolis Guaranteed Basic Income Pilot (Minnesota)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Households were randomly assigned to $500 a month for 24 months or to a control group paid only for surveys, and the paper presents K10 distress, a labor supply index and a well-being index at each wave.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "USA", "sites": "Minneapolis, Minnesota (nine high-poverty ZIP codes)", "population": "adults 18+ in nine high-poverty Minneapolis ZIP codes with 2021 household income at or below 50% of area median income who attested to economic harm from Covid-19", "years": "2022-06 to 2024-05", "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": "poverty status, presence of children under 18, and North Minneapolis ZIP codes (eight strata)", "payment_start": "2022-06", "payment_months": 24, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "subjective well-being index: self-reported health, happiness and life satisfaction (life satisfaction)" ], "employment_measures": [ "labor supply index (worked last month, employed last week, in labor force, full-time, multiple jobs, usual weekly hours)", "employed (exploratory individual outcome)" ], "evaluator": "Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis (surveys administered by the City of Minneapolis)", "notes": "1,500 randomly drawn from 8,335 apparently eligible applicants were invited to the baseline survey; 530 responded (529 after a duplicate) and were randomized within strata. Both arms got $150 per survey every six months, so the control's amount is coded 0. After randomization 28 treatment-assigned people were ineligible or unreachable and 2 slots were unfilled; the City moved randomly chosen controls into treatment (201 ever assigned, 200 paid). Large differential attrition from eligibility verification and survey nonresponse (40-42% of controls vs 68-74% of treatment respond); pre-specified adjustments. Payments June 2022-May 2024 per the methods (the introduction says July 2022-June 2024). Registered AEARCTR-0011369 (200 treatment, 330 control).", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 200 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 329 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T29-1", "treated": "Treatment group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 24.0, "n_treated": 200.0, "n_control": 329.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "6-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "12-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "18-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "24-month survey (one to two months after the final payment)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "30-month post-pilot survey (in progress)", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] }, { "label": "36-month post-pilot survey (in progress)", "months_since_first_payment": 36, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "result_reports": [ "aei:minneapolis-paper", "aei:minneapolis-overview" ], "registration": "AEARCTR-0011369", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0011369", "registered_before_payments": false } ], "integrity": { "ok": false } }, { "trial": "T30", "name": "Embrace Mothers (Birmingham, Alabama)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Single mothers were randomly assigned to $375/month for 12 months or a no-cash control, and the report presents Kessler-10, perceived stress, and full-time employment during and after the pilot.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Birmingham, Alabama" ], "population": "Single mothers 18+ living in Birmingham, regardless of income", "years": "2022-03 to 2023-02", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-03", "payment_months": 12, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed full-time", "full-time caregiver or stay-at-home parent", "types of paid and unpaid labor", "work issues due to childcare" ], "evaluator": "Abt Global (Abt Associates)", "notes": "131 assigned to the participant group: 110 initially, with 21 who could not be onboarded replaced by random draws; the 21 inactive members remain in the intent-to-treat analysis (N = 263). Participants got benefits counseling at onboarding. First payment March 25, 2022. Detailed impact tables are in appendices not included in the file. dashboard:child-outcomes is a qualitative interview brief.", "arms": [ { "label": "Embrace Mothers participant group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 375, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 131 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 132 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T30-1", "treated": "Embrace Mothers participant group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 375.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": 131.0, "n_control": 132.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "Mid-pilot (6 months, September 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "End of pilot (12 months, February 2023, last payment)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "Post-pilot (6 months after payments ended, September 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "aei:birmingham", "dashboard:child-outcomes" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T31", "name": "Alexandria Recurring Income for Success and Equity (ARISE, Virginia)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Applicants were randomly assigned to $500/month (24 months plus a 5-month extension) or a no-cash control, and the year-one report presents employment status and perceived stress.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Alexandria, Virginia" ], "population": "Alexandria residents in households at or below 50% of area median income", "years": "2023-02 to 2025-06", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2023-02", "payment_months": 29, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "working (any employment)", "employed full-time", "employed part-time", "caregiving or other employment category" ], "evaluator": "Abt Global", "notes": "170 received GI; 14 more assigned to the participant group (unreachable, ineligible, or declined) are kept in the intent-to-treat analysis but were not surveyed (analytic N = 394). Payments were planned for 24 months and extended 5 months through June 2025. The report says GI did not seem to affect 'some measures of mental health' without naming or reporting them. The final report will add the 18- and 24-month surveys and 30-month interviews. Participants got benefits counseling.", "arms": [ { "label": "ARISE participant group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 29, "n_randomized": 184 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 210 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T31-1", "treated": "ARISE participant group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 29.0, "n_treated": 184.0, "n_control": 210.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "6-month two-question tracking survey", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "employment" ] }, { "label": "12-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "stress", "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "aei:alexandria" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T32", "name": "Rochester Guaranteed Basic Income (New York)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Applicants were randomly ordered and offered $500/month for 12 months, compared with applicants not offered, and the report presents employment, earned income, perceived stress, and life satisfaction.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Rochester, New York (qualifying census tracts)" ], "population": "Residents 18+ living in Rochester at least a year, in qualifying census tracts, with household income at or below 185% of the federal poverty level", "years": "2023-09 to 2024-11", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2023-09", "payment_months": 12, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Perceived Stress Scale (0-40; stress), which the report groups under mental health" ], "employment_measures": [ "currently employed", "currently employed full-time (at least 35 hours a week)", "earned income (annual)" ], "evaluator": "Wilson Sheehan Lab for Economic Opportunities (LEO), University of Notre Dame, with Rochester Institute of Technology", "notes": "Two cohorts: 175 paid September 2023-August 2024 and 176 paid December 2023-November 2024. Treatment is the 410 contacted for enrollment (351 enrolled); control is 11,180 applicants never contacted; one applicant per household was eligible for selection. The survey invited all treatment and 1,000 randomly chosen controls; 518 completed it (53% treatment, 30% control). Both groups could get information on free financial counseling. Life satisfaction is the Cantril ladder. Quarterly credit bureau records were also analyzed. ITT and TOT estimates reported.", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 410 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 11180 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T32-1", "treated": "Treatment group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": 410.0, "n_control": 11180.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "12-month follow-up survey (final month of payments)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "stress", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "earnings" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "aei:rochester" ], "registration": "AEARCTR-0014150", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0014150", "registered_before_payments": false } ], "integrity": { "ok": false } }, { "trial": "T33", "name": "Shreveport Guaranteed Income (Louisiana)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Single parents were randomly assigned to $660/month for 12 months or a no-cash control, and the report presents Kessler distress, perceived stress, and employment during and after the pilot.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Shreveport and Caddo Parish, Louisiana" ], "population": "Single parents 18+ of a child aged 3-20 with household income at or below 120% of the federal poverty level", "years": "2022-03 to 2023-02", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "area: about half of participants drawn from the five lowest-income ZIP codes and half from the rest of the parish", "payment_start": "2022-03", "payment_months": 12, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (version not stated)", "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "has at least one job", "participation in paid or unpaid work", "employment status (full-time, part-time)", "job fulfillment; looked for work because wanted to" ], "evaluator": "Abt Global (Abt Associates)", "notes": "165 randomly assigned to the participant group (110 initial plus 55 random replacements for those not onboarded); 110 received GI; the 45 replaced but application-eligible stay in the intent-to-treat analysis (155 analyzed); the other 10 replaced applicants are not analyzed. Participants got benefits counseling. Detailed impact tables are in appendices not included in the file. dashboard:child-outcomes is a qualitative interview brief.", "arms": [ { "label": "SGIP participant group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 660, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 165 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 132 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T33-1", "treated": "SGIP participant group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 660.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": 165.0, "n_control": 132.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "Mid-pilot (6 months, September 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "End-of-pilot (12 months, February 2023, last payment)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "Post-pilot (6 months after GI ended, August 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "aei:shreveport", "dashboard:child-outcomes" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T34", "name": "Young Adult Louisville Income for Transformation (YALift!, Kentucky)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Young adults were randomly assigned to $500/month for 12 months or a no-cash control, and the report presents Kessler-10, perceived stress, and work during and after the pilot.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "California, Russell, and Smoketown neighborhoods, Louisville, Kentucky" ], "population": "Young adults aged 18-24 living in three neighborhoods, regardless of income", "years": "2022-04 to 2023-03", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "neighborhood (selection divided evenly across the three neighborhoods)", "payment_start": "2022-04", "payment_months": 12, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "working (paid work)", "working full-time", "full-time caregiver or full-time student", "difficulty fulfilling commitments outside work" ], "evaluator": "Abt Global (Abt Associates)", "notes": "194 assigned to the participant group: 151 received GI and 43 who could not be onboarded stay in the intent-to-treat analysis. Participants got benefits counseling and chose an app or prepaid card. Mental health impacts are in an appendix table not included in the file. dashboard:child-outcomes is a qualitative interview brief.", "arms": [ { "label": "YALift! participant group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 194 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 180 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T34-1", "treated": "YALift! participant group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": 194.0, "n_control": 180.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "Mid-pilot (6 months, October 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "End of pilot (12 months, March 2023, last payment)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "Post-pilot (6 months after payments ended, October 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "aei:louisville", "dashboard:child-outcomes" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T35", "name": "Chelsea Eats (Massachusetts)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A lottery gave households a Visa cash card usable anywhere, reloaded with up to $400 a month for nine months, against lottery losers, and the paper presents PHQ-2/GAD-2 and employment and hours.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Chelsea, Massachusetts" ], "population": "Chelsea households with income at or below 30% of area median income", "years": "2020-11 to 2021-08", "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2020-11", "payment_months": 9, "mental_health_instruments": [ "PHQ-2 and GAD-2 (anxious or depressed: score of 3 or more on either)" ], "employment_measures": [ "respondent worked for pay last week", "respondent or spouse worked for pay last week", "respondent hours worked per week", "household hours worked per week" ], "evaluator": "Harvard University and the Rappaport Institute for Greater Boston (Liebman, Carlson, Novick, Portocarrero); health care utilization study by Harvard Medical School / Brigham and Women's Hospital", "notes": "Card amount by household size: $200 (one person), $300 (two), $400 (three or more). Weighted lottery (extra tickets for priority criteria), analyzed with inverse-probability weights; 139 drawn from a randomized waitlist were added to the 2,074 winners. Nine monthly credits from November 25, 2020 to August 2, 2021 (the program began with six planned months). 1,936 entrants consented to surveys before the lottery; 95% answered the final survey. The pulse surveys present only control-group trends for employment and PHQ-2/GAD-2, not comparisons. Wave months computed from dates. pmid:39037892 reports behavioral-health emergency visits from medical records.", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group (lottery winners)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 400, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 9, "n_randomized": 2213 }, { "label": "Control group (lottery losers)", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 1402 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T35-1", "treated": "Treatment group (lottery winners)", "control": "Control group (lottery losers)", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 400.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 9.0, "n_treated": 2213.0, "n_control": 1402.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "Final ('April') survey (April 12-May 10, 2021)", "months_since_first_payment": 5, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "aei:chelsea-eats", "pmid:39037892", "openalex:W7112998148" ], "registration": "AEARCTR-0008063", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0008063", "registered_before_payments": false }, { "id": "NCT05622903", "registered_before_payments": false }, { "id": "NCT05782660", "registered_before_payments": false }, { "id": "NCT07381049", "registered_before_payments": false } ], "integrity": { "ok": false } }, { "trial": "T36", "name": "Baltimore Young Families Success Fund (Maryland)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Young parents were randomly assigned to $1,000 a month for 24 months or to a control group, and the report presents K10 distress, perceived stress and employment at 18, 24 and 30 months.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "USA", "sites": "Baltimore, Maryland", "population": "parents aged 18-24 living in Baltimore with household income at or below 300% of the federal poverty level", "years": "2022-08 to 2024-07", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-08", "payment_months": 24, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "engaged in paid or unpaid work", "full-time employment", "share of household income from employment", "employed in meaningful work" ], "evaluator": "Abt Global", "notes": "About 4,000 applied. The program paid 200 young parents; the study's treatment group is 153 randomly selected (130 paid, 23 inactive kept in intent-to-treat), plus 156 controls; 70 paid participants are outside the study. The report says surveys ran every six months but presents only 18, 24 and 30 months. Payments via Steady bank deposits or debit card; benefits counseling. $50 per survey. The 6- and 12-month surveys were reported in an interim report that is not in these files, and the November 2023 to February 2024 interviews were qualitative, with recipients only, so neither is a wave here.", "arms": [ { "label": "BYFSF program group (treatment group)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 153 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 156 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T36-1", "treated": "BYFSF program group (treatment group)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 1000.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 24.0, "n_treated": 153.0, "n_control": 156.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "18-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "24-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "30-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "aei:baltimore" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T37", "name": "Arlington's Guarantee (Virginia)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "The county randomly split a pool of eligible households into 200 receiving $500 a month for 18 months and 100 comparison households, and the report presents employment, work income and days limited by stress, anxiety or sadness.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "USA", "sites": "Arlington County, Virginia", "population": "Arlington households with a child under 18 and income at or below 30% of area median income, mostly county Housing Grant recipients, plus returning citizens and undocumented heads of household", "years": "2021-09 to 2023-11", "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": "sample pool (Housing Grant recipients, returning citizens, undocumented heads of household), implied", "payment_start": "2021-09", "payment_months": 18, "mental_health_instruments": [ "days in the past month that stress, anxiety or sadness prevented usual activities" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed", "median monthly income from work", "hourly wage" ], "evaluator": "Arlington County Department of Human Services with Arlington Community Foundation (Urban Institute technical support)", "notes": "Selected households were notified by letter and could decline; cash households enrolled in eight cohorts from September 2021 to May 2022, each paid 18 months on a debit card (150 Housing Grant, 25 returning citizens, 25 undocumented). Cash group only: optional 1:1 coaching and a one-time donor-funded $500 holiday deposit. Comparison households were surveyed on the same schedule for $30-40 gift cards ($20 for the cash group). Results compare baseline and final surveys; 6- and 12-month results are not reported. The county ran the evaluation and describes it as not a full contracted RCT, though the comparison group was randomly selected from the same pool. Benefits protected administratively.", "arms": [ { "label": "Participant group (cash)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 18, "n_randomized": 200 }, { "label": "Comparison group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 100 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T37-1", "treated": "Participant group (cash)", "control": "Comparison group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 18.0, "n_treated": 200.0, "n_control": 100.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "6-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "final survey (18 months)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "earnings" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "pilot:argu_1" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T38", "name": "I.M.P.A.C.T. (Atlanta, Georgia)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Atlanta residents were randomly assigned to $500 a month for 12 months or to a control group; the only file is a qualitative brief that presents parents' mental health and work and says survey results by city will follow.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "USA", "sites": "Atlanta, Georgia", "population": "Atlanta residents 18+ with self-reported income up to 200% of the federal poverty level (about 60% of area median income)", "years": "2022-06 to 2023-05", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-06", "payment_months": 12, "mental_health_instruments": [], "employment_measures": [], "evaluator": "Abt Associates", "notes": "pilot:impa_1 and dashboard:child-outcomes are the same file: Abt's four-city brief 'My kids deserve the world' (Nov 2023), based on interviews with 67 parents (14 from Atlanta) 7-10 months into the pilots plus baseline survey data. It describes each pilot as randomized to an intervention group (12 monthly payments) or a control group, with surveys at baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months and city survey findings to be reported from 2024. 300 participants served (control size not given); open to adults without children; implemented with the Urban League of Greater Atlanta. Qualitative findings: reduced stress and improved mental health, some parents reduced work hours or changed jobs. No quantitative outcome results in the file. Waves are empty: the brief presents no survey results by arm at 6, 12 or 18 months, and its interviews (January to March 2023, 7 to 10 months in) are qualitative and with recipients only.", "arms": [ { "label": "Intervention group (IMPACT)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 300 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": null } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T38-1", "treated": "Intervention group (IMPACT)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": 300.0, "n_control": null, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [], "result_reports": [ "pilot:impa_1", "dashboard:child-outcomes" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T39", "name": "Camp Harbor View Guaranteed Income Pilot (Boston)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A lottery gave 50 families $583 a month for two years with an equal-size control group paid a stipend for sharing information, and the report presents psychological distress and life satisfaction.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "USA", "sites": "Boston, Massachusetts", "population": "families in the Camp Harbor View community earning less than $70,500 per adult household member, mostly not receiving public assistance", "years": "2021-08 to 2023-07", "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2021-08", "payment_months": 24, "mental_health_instruments": [ "psychological distress (instrument not named)", "life satisfaction (instrument not named; life satisfaction)" ], "employment_measures": [], "evaluator": "Blakely Consulting (lottery administered by UMass Boston)", "notes": "Short program report (Jan 2024) with headline results only (for example, risk of psychological distress fell 23% for recipients and rose 8% for non-recipients); no methods detail, sample sizes or measurement dates beyond 'continuously' and 'at the two-year mark'. Control stipend amount not stated. Recipients could attend optional workshops; delivered with UpTogether; benefits protected. Launched August 2021, pilot ended fall 2023 (years approximate). Employment appears only in participant stories. A second cohort began in 2024.", "arms": [ { "label": "Direct Cash families", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 583, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 50 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": null, "currency": "USD", "per": null, "months_paid": null, "n_randomized": 50 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T39-1", "treated": "Direct Cash families", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 583.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 24.0, "n_treated": 50.0, "n_control": 50.0, "control_amount": null, "control_per": null } ], "waves": [ { "label": "two-year mark", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "pilot:chvg_1" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T40", "name": "The Bridge Project (New York City)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Cohort 1 (100 New York City mothers) was an RCT of $1,000 a month against a control group; its reported outcomes so far are financial, but the brief says mothers' mental health will be explored.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "USA", "sites": "New York City", "population": "low-income mothers of newborns or infants in New York City (cohort 1 eligibility not described)", "years": null, "randomization": null, "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": null, "payment_months": null, "mental_health_instruments": [], "employment_measures": [], "evaluator": "University of Pennsylvania Center for Guaranteed Income Research (cohort 1 RCT); The Bridge Project research team (cohorts 2 and 3)", "notes": "The Bridge Project has several cohorts: cohort 1 (100 NYC mothers) is the RCT run by Penn's CGIR, comparing a $1,000/month group with a control group (control condition, arm sizes, start date and duration not given in the files); cohort 2 (500 NYC mothers, July 2022-June 2025) and cohort 3 (500 New York mothers, with a $1,500 prenatal stipend) have no control group. Cohort 1 results: savings, $400 emergency, childcare access, and home stability (CHAOS and HARMONY scales) at 18 months, with no mental health or employment results. The brief says ongoing and future projects will explore mothers' physical and mental health. Only non-comparative evidence on mental health and work (cohort 3: 88% said stress decreased; qualitative comments on returning to work; nybp_2 reports education enrollment), so no result report is listed. Eligibility rests on the stated plan.", "arms": [ { "label": "$1,000/month group (cohort 1)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": null, "n_randomized": null }, { "label": "Control group (cohort 1)", "kind": "control", "amount": null, "currency": "USD", "per": null, "months_paid": null, "n_randomized": null } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T40-1", "treated": "$1,000/month group (cohort 1)", "control": "Control group (cohort 1)", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 1000.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": null, "n_treated": null, "n_control": null, "control_amount": null, "control_per": null } ], "waves": [ { "label": "18 months (cohort 1)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": null, "measures": [] } ], "result_reports": [], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T41", "name": "Trust Youth Initiative (New York City)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Young adults experiencing homelessness were randomly invited to $1,100 a month for 24 months plus a $3,000 fund and optional services, versus services as usual, and the brief reports employment (no apparent effect) with mental health a registered outcome.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "USA", "sites": "New York City", "population": "young adults aged 18-24 experiencing homelessness, recruited from three NYC shelters and two drop-in centers, without untreated substance use or mental health problems", "years": "2022-04 to 2024-04", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-04", "payment_months": 24, "mental_health_instruments": [], "employment_measures": [ "employment status and earnings (registered secondary outcome); the brief reports no apparent impact on employment" ], "evaluator": "Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago (Mathematica for recruitment, data collection and random assignment)", "notes": "Cash plus: $550 twice a month ($1,100/month, $26,400 in all) for 24 months plus a one-time $3,000 Enrichment Fund that could be drawn any time, with optional services (housing navigation, financial coaching, peer counseling) from the Ali Forney Center. 34 of 78 enrolled were randomly invited by biased-coin randomization (registration targeted 30 and 40); 4 did not respond and 1 declined because of SSI, and these 5 were analysed with services as usual (29 vs 49), so the analysis is not intent-to-treat. Services as usual include shelter and case management. Everyone was paid for surveys ($50 long, $20 monthly short). Results are descriptive (no significance testing). Employment and education were described only as showing no apparent impact compared with services as usual, with no wave named and no figures; it is attached to the month-30 survey, the study's last, which is an assumption. The 6-, 12- and 24-month long surveys and the monthly short surveys present no results for mental health or work, so they are not waves here. Mental health was surveyed (registered secondary outcome) but not reported in the brief. Registered AEARCTR-0009034.", "arms": [ { "label": "Trust Youth Initiative (cash plus)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1100, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 34 }, { "label": "Services as usual", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 44 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T41-1", "treated": "Trust Youth Initiative (cash plus)", "control": "Services as usual", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 1100.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 24.0, "n_treated": 34.0, "n_control": 44.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "Month 30 long survey (6 months after the end of the program)", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "pilot:trus_1" ], "registration": "AEARCTR-0009034", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0009034", "registered_before_payments": true } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T42", "name": "PHLHousing+ (Philadelphia)", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_flat", "why": "Cash payments were set like a housing voucher so the household pays 30% of its income on housing, and were recalculated on current income after a year, so the amount falls as income rises.", "decided_by": "both coders", "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T43", "name": "Austin Guaranteed Income Pilot (Texas)", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_randomized", "why": "Ten community organizations chose participants for their slots (one used a lottery among its own applicants) and there is no randomized control group, only an external statewide survey benchmark.", "decided_by": "both coders", "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T44", "name": "Guaranteed Income Program 2.0 (City of Sacramento)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "80 households were chosen by lottery for $500 a month for 12 months, with a random draw of non-selected applicants who agreed to follow-up as controls, and the reports present K10 distress, full-time work and work-hours changes.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "USA", "sites": "City of Sacramento, California", "population": "City of Sacramento residents 18+ with household income below size-based thresholds", "years": "2023-07 to 2024-06", "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2023-07", "payment_months": 12, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 10 items (K10)" ], "employment_measures": [ "working one stable full-time job", "voluntarily reduced or increased hours worked in the past year", "took time off to look for a more fulfilling job; started a business" ], "evaluator": "California State University, Sacramento (School of Social Work; Center for Health Practice, Policy and Research)", "notes": "Lottery among 10,407 applications screened only for age and city residence; selected households were verified for income and given benefits counseling, and non-responders were replaced by new random draws (14 rounds). Controls: 1,794 of 10,005 non-selected applicants (18%) agreed to a second survey for a $25 card and 71 were drawn at random from them, so controls are self-selected lottery losers. All completed the baseline at application (May 2023). 67 of 80 participants answered the endline. Payments via SAFE Credit Union; voluntary financial-education webinars for recipients. The report calls it a 'pre-post, modified, random control study'. The full-time job rate (39% vs 40%) is reported for participants over time; the hours items were asked only at endline.", "arms": [ { "label": "GI participants", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 80 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 71 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T44-1", "treated": "GI participants", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": 80.0, "n_control": 71.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "endline (T2, June 2024, last month of payments)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours" ] }, { "label": "post-payment, 6 months", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "pilot:uwct_1", "pilot:uwct_2" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T45", "name": "Guaranteed Income Program (County of Sacramento)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "130 households were chosen by lottery for $505 a month for 12 months, with random samples of non-selected applicants recruited as controls, and the report presents K10 distress, multiple job holding and work-hours changes.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "USA", "sites": "Sacramento County Districts 1 and 2, California", "population": "residents 18+ of Sacramento County Districts 1 and 2 with household income below size-based thresholds", "years": "2024-01 to 2024-12", "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2024-01", "payment_months": 12, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 10 items (K10)" ], "employment_measures": [ "working more than one job", "employment status (full-time, part-time, not employed)", "voluntarily reduced or increased hours worked" ], "evaluator": "Sacramento State University School of Social Work (Center for Health Care Practice, Policy, and Research)", "notes": "Lottery among more than 8,400 applicants (8,821 baseline surveys, Oct-Nov 2023); selected households were verified and replaced by new random draws until 130. Controls were recruited at endline from random samples of non-participant applicants who accepted a $25-card survey invitation (first batch of 150 yielded 22; five batches to reach 92), so controls are self-selected lottery losers and differ in household composition. Participant response 64% at endline and 51% at 18 months; control 92 and 71. Payments via SAFE Credit Union; voluntary financial-education webinars. Funded by the county and the Sierra Health Foundation; third United Way cohort.", "arms": [ { "label": "GI participants", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 505, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 130 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 92 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T45-1", "treated": "GI participants", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 505.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": 130.0, "n_control": 92.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "endline (T2, January 2025, when payments stopped)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours" ] }, { "label": "18-month follow-up (T3, June 2025)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "hours" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "pilot:uwcr_1" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T46", "name": "Yolo County Basic Income (California)", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_randomized", "why": "YoBI enrolled every eligible Housing Support Program family plus further invited CalWORKs families, and its comparison group was recruited afterwards for similarity to them (a quasi-experimental design), so nobody was assigned at random; the stipend was also a top-up to $1 above the California Poverty Measure.", "decided_by": "both coders", "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T47", "name": "The $50 Study (Rooted School, Indianapolis and New Orleans)", "eligible": false, "reason": "no_eligible_outcome", "why": "A randomized trial of $50 a week for 10 months to high school students against a $10-a-month gift card control, but its report presents only GPA, attendance, financial capability and self-perception outcomes, with no mental health or employment outcome presented or planned.", "decided_by": "both coders", "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T48", "name": "Guaranteed Income Validation Effort (GIVE, Gary, Indiana)", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_randomized", "why": "The only file is a news article saying 125 people were chosen from responses to a survey sent to 4,000 Gary residents to receive $500 a month for 12 months; it describes no random assignment and no control group.", "decided_by": "both coders", "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T49", "name": "TAYportunity (Los Angeles County)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A registered RCT in Los Angeles County that randomly selected 300 applicants aged 18 to 24 for an unconditional $1,000 a month for 36 months, with an optional job-training offer, and 650 for a control group, reporting Kessler-6 psychological well-being, employment and earnings.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "United States", "sites": "Los Angeles County, California", "population": "Work-ready, economically vulnerable young adults aged 18 to 24 who applied to Los Angeles County's TAYportunity plus Guaranteed Income program (3,211 applicants; 93% earned under $600 a month at baseline, 60% unhoused or at risk of losing housing)", "years": "2022-08 to 2025-07", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-08", "payment_months": 36, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 6 (K6)", "psychological well-being (registered primary outcome)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employment", "monthly earnings", "labor hours supplied in the past month (registered primary outcome)", "income earned in the labor market in the past month (registered primary outcome)", "job satisfaction (four-point scale)" ], "evaluator": "The author of the working paper and dissertation (not named in the files) and research team, with the Los Angeles County Department of Public Social Services (LA DPSS)", "notes": "Merged with the group the coders saw separately (T79: the dissertation openalex:W7159681064 and registration AEARCTR-0011791), which describes the same trial: 300 randomly selected from 3,211 applicants for the program and 650 randomly chosen from those not selected as controls. The cash is unconditional and paid on EBT cards; the treatment group was also offered optional TAYportunity paths (six months of subsidized work at $15 an hour, apprenticeships, or entrepreneurship support) that controls were not, so the comparison is cash plus a training offer; instrumental-variable estimates use random assignment to caseworkers. Controls were told the study concerned their experience in the GROW program. Everyone was paid $20 per survey. Payments began in August 2022 for 36 months (years computed from that; the registration's intervention end date is 2026-02-15). Six rounds of surveys plus administrative data (arrest records), but their timing is not stated, so waves are null.", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group ($1,000 a month plus the offer of TAYportunity job training)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 36, "n_randomized": 300 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 650 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T49-1", "treated": "Treatment group ($1,000 a month plus the offer of TAYportunity job training)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 1000.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 36.0, "n_treated": 300.0, "n_control": 650.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [], "result_reports": [ "pilot:taypo_1", "openalex:W7159681064" ], "registration": "AEARCTR-0011791", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0011791", "registered_before_payments": false } ], "integrity": { "ok": false } }, { "trial": "T50", "name": "Cook County Promise Guaranteed Income Pilot (Illinois)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Registered individual-level RCT of $500 a month for two years to 3,250 Cook County residents against about 8,940 controls; the county's report presents participants' self-reported mental health and stress, and the evaluation's comparative results are pending.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "United States", "sites": "Cook County, Illinois", "population": "Cook County residents who applied to the Promise pilot (more than 230,000 applications); income eligibility criteria are not stated in the files", "years": "2022-12 to 2025-01", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-12", "payment_months": 24, "mental_health_instruments": [ "self-reported impact of the program on mental health and on stress (GiveDirectly survey of participants)" ], "employment_measures": null, "evaluator": "Inclusive Economy Lab, University of Chicago (evaluation); GiveDirectly (program administrator)", "notes": "Registration (AEARCTR-0010641) defers outcomes and design details to a pre-analysis plan not in the files; intervention dates 2022-12-15 to 2025-02-28, final payments January 2025 per the press release. Half of recipients (1,625 of 3,250) were also offered optional financial coaching (Working Credit); coded as one cash arm with that sub-arm noted. The press release's mental health and stress percentages come from a survey of participants only, with no control comparison, so no file holds comparative results; full quantitative findings were expected in fall 2025. The registration describes the cash group as one arm of 3,250 against about 8,940 controls and the coaching offer as an addition for 1,625 of the 3,250, without saying how they were chosen, so the coaching subgroup is not coded as a separate arm.", "arms": [ { "label": "Cash transfer ($500 a month)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 3250 }, { "label": "Control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 8940 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T50-1", "treated": "Cash transfer ($500 a month)", "control": "Control", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 24.0, "n_treated": 3250.0, "n_control": 8940.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "AEARCTR-0010641", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0010641", "registered_before_payments": true } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T51", "name": "HudsonUP (Hudson, New York)", "eligible": false, "reason": "no_control_arm", "why": "HudsonUP chose recipients of $500 a month for five years by a weighted lottery among applicants, but the only report analyses interviews with recipients and states that the study lacked a control group.", "decided_by": "both coders", "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T52", "name": "Finnish basic income experiment", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A nationwide mandatory experiment that randomly chose 2,000 of 175,222 recipients of minimum unemployment benefits to get an unconditional, non-tapering basic income of 560 euros a month for 2017 and 2018, the rest staying on the usual benefits, with register-based employment and survey and register mental health outcomes.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "Finland", "sites": [ "Nationwide" ], "population": "People aged 25 to 58 receiving minimum (flat-rate or labour market subsidy) unemployment benefits from Kela in November 2016", "years": "2017-01 to 2018-12", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2017-01", "payment_months": 24, "mental_health_instruments": [ "MHI-5 (Mental Health Inventory, mental strain)", "psychotropic (psychiatric) drug use from the prescription register", "outpatient mental health visits in secondary care and primary care visits for mental health (registers)", "mental distress and depression items (survey)" ], "employment_measures": [ "days in employment per year from the Finnish Centre for Pensions register", "annual labour earnings from tax registers", "monthly employment share (registers)", "primary outcome: days in employment October 2017 to November 2018", "self-reported employment status and part-time work at the end of the experiment (survey)" ], "evaluator": "Kela (Social Insurance Institution of Finland) with the VATT Institute for Economic Research, Labour Institute for Economic Research, University of Turku, University of Helsinki, Finnish Association for Mental Health and Tänk; later analyses by independent teams (e.g. Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research)", "notes": "The basic income replaced the minimum unemployment benefit (net about 558 euros) and did not taper with earnings, so for someone out of work it barely changed income; its main change was to work incentives and the removal of job-search conditions, though the health paper reports average income rose 9 to 11 percent. Treated people could still claim unemployment benefits for child or programme supplements, and the basic income was deducted from other benefits. Participation was mandatory; the control group is the rest of the target population (173,222) on usual benefits. First payment 9 January 2017; a January 2018 activation reform affected the groups asymmetrically. The survey sampled all 2,000 treated and 5,600 controls, with a 23 percent response (31 percent treated, 20 percent control). Survey months are computed from the window's midpoint; register outcomes summed over a calendar year or the experiment are dated at the period's end. The post-experiment register wave rests on abstracts that give no dates. The abstract openalex:W7221513009 describes 1,000 recipients and 1,000 controls surveyed at 12 and 24 months with 84 and 78 percent response, matching no other report, so it is left out of result_reports. The 2017 and 2018 register waves are calendar-year outcomes (Verho et al., Table 3; the crime paper's Table A7 adds year-end employment and labor earnings for both years); monthly employment shares appear only in a figure. Register mental health results (psychotropic drugs, mental health visits) are given for the two experimental years together, not year by year, and as fading afterward without years. The survey reports financial stress (financial well-being chapter), not a general stress measure, so stress is not coded.", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group (basic income)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 560, "currency": "EUR", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 2000 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "EUR", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 173222 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T52-1", "treated": "Treatment group (basic income)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 560.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "EUR", "months_paid": 24.0, "n_treated": 2000.0, "n_control": 173222.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "First year of the experiment (2017), employment registers", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "employment", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "End-of-experiment telephone survey (15 October to 14 December 2018)", "months_since_first_payment": 22, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "Second year of the experiment (2018), employment registers", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "employment", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Experiment period (2017 to 2018), health registers", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] }, { "label": "After the experiment, health registers", "months_since_first_payment": null, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "openalex:W3167377507", "openalex:W4416858567", "openalex:W4285086002", "pmc:PMC12555240", "pmid:36767105", "openalex:W4417138655", "openalex:W4414272693", "openalex:W7131668656", "openalex:W4245106623", "openalex:W3193176234", "openalex:W2913727317", "openalex:W3191595179", "openalex:W3192851985" ], "registration": "AEARCTR-0002095", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0002095", "registered_before_payments": false } ], "integrity": { "ok": false } }, { "trial": "T53", "name": "Pilotprojekt Grundeinkommen (Germany)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A preregistered block-randomized trial in which 107 people in Germany got 1,200 euros a month, tax-free and without conditions, for three years against 1,580 controls paid only survey incentives, with mental health (WHO-5, perceived stress) and employment (social security records and surveys) outcomes.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "Germany", "sites": [ "Nationwide (German residents)" ], "population": "Single-person households aged 21 to 40 with monthly net income of 1,100 to 2,600 euros, not receiving long-term unemployment benefits, who registered after a public call", "years": "2021-06 to 2024-05", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "blocks of 32 participants matched on baseline covariates (mental health, wellbeing, gender, socio-economic background, finances, political attitudes; Mahalanobis distance), 2 treated per block, 53 blocks sampled to match the eligible population on gender, education and income", "payment_start": "2021-06", "payment_months": 36, "mental_health_instruments": [ "WHO-5 Wellbeing Index (used as a depression screener)", "Perceived Stress Scale (five items of the PSS-10)", "purpose in life (single item)", "general and domain life satisfaction (single items)", "an index of mental health and wellbeing combining these" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed, full-time and part-time from IAB social security records (Integrated Labour Market Biographies)", "net earnings and gross wages from IAB records", "self-reported working hours per week", "self-reported not unemployed, self-employed, net earnings, and training or education", "job search effort and job transitions" ], "evaluator": "DIW Berlin (German Institute for Economic Research) with researchers at WU Vienna, Frankfurt School of Finance and Management and the University of Oxford; financed and implemented by Mein Grundeinkommen e.V.", "notes": "Survey waves 1 to 6 ran at six-month intervals during the program (baseline about 3 months before the first payment); waves 7 and 8 were 6 and 18 months after the program, so their months are counted from the end of the 36-month program. The WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were missing at wave 1 and the stress items at wave 2. Labour results average the three payment years, with per-wave survey and monthly administrative estimates in figures; administrative data cover the 99 treated and 1,278 controls who consented to linkage. Controls got 10 euros per completed survey plus 30 euros for completing all six (up to about 100 euros), coded here as 20 euros a year; both groups got 20 euros for each post-program survey. The registration planned 1,377 controls; the 212 block reserves were later added to the control group, and after 7 controls withdrew and 2 were moved into treatment to replace 2 treated who left before payments, 1,580 controls remained. Treated people had to complete the six surveys; the payments were tax-free and raised baseline household income by 46 to 110 percent.", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group (basic income recipients)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1200, "currency": "EUR", "per": "month", "months_paid": 36, "n_randomized": 107 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 20, "currency": "EUR", "per": "year", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 1580 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T53-1", "treated": "Treatment group (basic income recipients)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 1200.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "EUR", "months_paid": 36.0, "n_treated": 107.0, "n_control": 1580.0, "control_amount": 20.0, "control_per": "year" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "Wave 1", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "stress", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Wave 2", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Wave 3", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Wave 4", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Wave 5", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Wave 6", "months_since_first_payment": 36, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Wave 7 (6 months after the program)", "months_since_first_payment": 42, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "Wave 8 (18 months after the program)", "months_since_first_payment": 54, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "IAB administrative records (monthly, averaged over the three payment years)", "months_since_first_payment": 36, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "employment", "earnings" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "pilot:germ_3", "pilot:germ_2", "pilot:germ_1" ], "registration": "AEARCTR-0007734", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0007734", "registered_before_payments": true } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T54", "name": "Basic Income for the Arts (Ireland)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A lottery among 8,200 eligible artists assigned 2,000 to €325 a week for three years and 1,000 to a control paid €650 a year for surveys, with depression, anxiety, life satisfaction, and work outcomes reported every six months.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "Ireland", "sites": "Nationwide (Republic of Ireland)", "population": "Artists and creative arts workers (including those recently trained) aged 18+ in Ireland who applied and were assessed eligible; full-time students excluded", "years": "2022-10 to 2026-02", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "none (the report states no stratification was conducted)", "payment_start": "2022-10", "payment_months": 42, "mental_health_instruments": [ "felt depressed or downhearted in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "felt anxious in the last four weeks (yes/no)" ], "employment_measures": [ "did not work in the arts in the previous six months (inability to work in the arts)", "weekly hours spent working outside the arts", "weekly hours spent on arts work", "monthly take-home income from the arts and from outside the arts" ], "evaluator": "Basic Income for the Arts Research Team (IGEES staff), Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media (later Department of Culture, Communications and Sport); cost-benefit analysis prepared for the Department", "notes": "Paid as €1,413.21 a month; first payments issued October 2022, backdated to the August 2022 selection; planned for three years (to August 2025) and extended six months to February 2026, so months_paid counts August 2022 to February 2026. The payment is taxed as self-employment income and counts as income for social protection means tests. Of 1,000 assigned controls, 408 declined and were replaced by further random draws (27 in treatment), leaving 2,000 and 997 at baseline. The baseline survey (from 14 October 2022) was fielded after assignment, around the first payment, and some outcomes already differed; analyses are difference-in-differences from October 2022. Participants who miss two surveys in a row are removed. The cost-benefit analysis covers waves to April 2025 using participants who completed baseline and the April 2025 wave (1,961 vs 893).", "arms": [ { "label": "BIA recipients (treatment group)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 325, "currency": "EUR", "per": "week", "months_paid": 42, "n_randomized": 2000 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 650, "currency": "EUR", "per": "year", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 997 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T54-1", "treated": "BIA recipients (treatment group)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 1408.33, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "EUR", "months_paid": 42.0, "n_treated": 2000.0, "n_control": 997.0, "control_amount": 650.0, "control_per": "year" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "April 2023 (6 months)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "October 2023 (1 year)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "April 2024 (18 months)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "October 2024 (2 years)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "April 2025 (2.5 years)", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "pilot:bifa_1", "pilot:bifa_4", "pilot:bifa_2", "pilot:bifa_3" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T55", "name": "B-MINCOME (Barcelona)", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_flat", "why": "B-MINCOME randomized households in a poor area of Barcelona, but its Municipal Inclusion Support topped household income up to a threshold set by household income, size and composition and was withdrawn as income rose (100 percent in the full-withdrawal arm, 25 to 35 percent in the partial arm), so no arm got a flat amount.", "decided_by": "both coders", "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T56", "name": "Dutch social assistance experiments (Weten wat werkt and others)", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_flat", "why": "The Dutch municipal experiments (Utrecht, Groningen, Wageningen, Tilburg, Deventer) randomized social assistance recipients, but every arm kept the means-tested social assistance benefit (a top-up to the social minimum withdrawn as earnings rise); the treatments only waived job-search obligations, added counselling, or let people keep 50 percent of extra earnings up to about 200 euros a month, so no arm got a flat, unconditional payment.", "decided_by": "both coders", "registration": "AEARCTR-0003592", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0003592", "registered_before_payments": null }, { "id": "AEARCTR-0003618", "registered_before_payments": null }, { "id": "AEARCTR-0004048", "registered_before_payments": null }, { "id": "AEARCTR-0004131", "registered_before_payments": null }, { "id": "AEARCTR-0004170", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T57", "name": "Dutch guaranteed income for forensic psychiatric patients", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_randomized", "why": "All fourteen outpatients of one Dutch forensic psychiatric facility were invited and received a fixed income supplement (to 1,350 euros a month) for three years; there was no random assignment and no control group (a single-group mixed-methods study).", "decided_by": "both coders", "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T58", "name": "Ontario Basic Income Pilot (Canada)", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_flat", "why": "The Ontario Basic Income Pilot used a negative income tax design in which payments (up to 75 percent of the Low Income Measure) were reduced by $0.50 for every dollar of employment income; the files hold only qualitative and descriptive studies of it.", "decided_by": "both coders", "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T59", "name": "Negative income tax experiments and Mincome (United States and Canada, 1968 to 1982)", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_flat", "why": "The US negative income tax experiments (New Jersey-Pennsylvania, Gary and others) and Manitoba's Mincome guaranteed incomes that were taxed back as earnings rose, so their payments were not flat.", "decided_by": "both coders", "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T60", "name": "New Leaf Project (Vancouver)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Cluster-randomized (by shelter) trial giving CAD 7,500 once to 50 recently homeless people in Vancouver against 65 controls, reporting affect, psychiatric symptoms, and work hours over 12 months.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "Canada", "sites": "Metro Vancouver, British Columbia (22 shelters from four shelter organizations)", "population": "People aged 19-65 homeless for under two years, Canadian citizens or permanent residents, without severe substance use, alcohol use, or psychiatric symptoms", "years": null, "randomization": "cluster", "stratified_by": "shelter organization (shelters randomized within organization)", "payment_start": null, "payment_months": null, "mental_health_instruments": [ "positive affect", "negative affect", "psychiatric symptomatology (Colorado Symptom Index; 3 and 12 months only)" ], "employment_measures": [ "weekly job hours", "hourly pay" ], "evaluator": "University of British Columbia research team", "notes": "The comparison pools the arms as the report does (conditions 1 and 2 vs 3 and 4; the treated and control labels join exact arm labels with ' + '); the preregistered analyses compared cash with no cash at 1 month. All cash participants got the workshop but only 19 of 65 controls did, so the pooled contrast partly includes the workshop. All participants were offered survey honoraria, a free bank account, ID replacement, a resource booklet, and a used smartphone. The transfer did not affect provincial benefits. Payment dates are not stated (the transfer was paid after baseline; follow-ups at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months after it). Mental health at 1, 6, and 9 months rests on positive and negative affect; psychiatric symptomatology was measured at 3 and 12 months. 'earnings' here is hourly pay.", "arms": [ { "label": "Condition 1: cash transfer, workshop, and coaching", "kind": "lump_sum", "amount": 7500, "currency": "CAD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 25 }, { "label": "Condition 2: cash transfer and workshop", "kind": "lump_sum", "amount": 7500, "currency": "CAD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 25 }, { "label": "Condition 3: workshop and coaching, no cash", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "CAD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 19 }, { "label": "Condition 4: no cash, workshop, or coaching", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "CAD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 46 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T60-1", "treated": "Condition 1: cash transfer, workshop, and coaching + Condition 2: cash transfer and workshop", "control": "Condition 3: workshop and coaching, no cash + Condition 4: no cash, workshop, or coaching", "kind": "lump_sum", "monthly_amount": null, "lump_sum": null, "currency": null, "months_paid": null, "n_treated": null, "n_control": null, "control_amount": null, "control_per": null } ], "waves": [ { "label": "1 month", "months_since_first_payment": 1, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "3 months", "months_since_first_payment": 3, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "6 months", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "9 months", "months_since_first_payment": 9, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "12 months", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "hours", "earnings" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "pmid:37643214" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T61", "name": "New Leaf replication (Vancouver)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A registered RCT in Metro Vancouver randomly assigning 400 people experiencing homelessness to a one-time unconditional CAD 8,500 or no cash, planning surveys to 12 months that track employment, health and well-being; no results are in the files.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "Canada", "sites": [ "Metro Vancouver, British Columbia" ], "population": "People experiencing homelessness aged 18 to 65, Canadian citizens or permanent residents, without severe substance or alcohol use, severe psychiatric symptoms or problem gambling", "years": null, "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": null, "payment_months": null, "mental_health_instruments": null, "employment_measures": [ "employment (planned; measure not specified)" ], "evaluator": "University of British Columbia (Jiaying Zhao), with Foundations for Social Change", "notes": "Only the registration (NCT05372978, started May 2022, sample sizes planned) and a title without an abstract are in the files, so the waves are the planned surveys 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after the transfer, with no results yet (measures left empty). Registered primary outcomes are housing, savings, spending and shelter costs over 1 to 3 months; the description says employment, health, cognitive function and well-being will also be tracked. Arm sizes are null because the files give only planned numbers: the registration (status recruiting, estimated enrollment 400) plans 200 cash and 200 control.", "arms": [ { "label": "Cash", "kind": "lump_sum", "amount": 8500, "currency": "CAD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": null }, { "label": "Control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "CAD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": null } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T61-1", "treated": "Cash", "control": "Control", "kind": "lump_sum", "monthly_amount": null, "lump_sum": 8500.0, "currency": "CAD", "months_paid": 0.0, "n_treated": null, "n_control": null, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "once" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "1 month", "months_since_first_payment": 1, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] }, { "label": "2 months", "months_since_first_payment": 2, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] }, { "label": "3 months", "months_since_first_payment": 3, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] }, { "label": "6 months", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] }, { "label": "9 months", "months_since_first_payment": 9, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12 months", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "result_reports": [], "registration": "NCT05372978", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT05372978", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T62", "name": "Randomizing unconditional cash transfer amounts (United States, 2020)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Low-income US adults were individually randomized to a one-time unconditional $500 or $2,000 transfer or nothing, and three post-transfer surveys report a psychological well-being index that includes the PHQ-9.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "National, online (participants in 45 states and the District of Columbia)" ], "population": "Low-income adults affected by the COVID-19 pandemic who had applied to a national non-profit for relief funds", "years": "2020-08 to 2021-01", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2020-08", "payment_months": null, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Psychological index (Anderson 2008 weighting) of sense of agency, 'living their best life', positive mental health (e.g., life satisfaction, feeling carefree), how happy, anxious, and lonely they felt, and depression", "PHQ-9 (depression, a component of the index)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employment, work performance and work satisfaction (if employed), and earned income, as components of the financial well-being index; item-level results are only in appendix figures, which are not among the files" ], "evaluator": "Jaroszewicz (UC San Diego), Hauser (University of Exeter), Jachimowicz (Harvard Business School), and Jamison (University of Oxford and University of Exeter), with a national non-profit partner that delivered and funded the transfers", "notes": "One-time payments about 3.5 weeks after the baseline (t1) survey, in seven enrollment waves, through the non-profit's online platform (pulled to an external account) or pushed directly; funds non-taxable. Every arm was paid $20 per survey plus a $20 completion bonus and lottery tickets for $1,000 prizes, and $10 per linked bank account. Participants were cross-randomized to access to new features of the non-profit's online platform (controlled for, not analyzed). About 43% had received $500 from the non-profit before the trial (median 243 days earlier). At least one post-treatment survey was answered by 80% of controls, 90% of the $500 group, and 88% of the $2,000 group. A sixth-wave error delayed payments and that wave got a second t2 survey. The main table pools t2-t4; results by time point are in Figure 5 and Appendix Table C.6 (appendix not in the files). The abstract gives follow-ups as one week, six weeks, and 15 weeks after receipt; months here follow the methods text. AEARCTR-0006149 is the trial's registration; AEARCTR-0006150 covers a separate question (beliefs about others' need) in the same trial.", "arms": [ { "label": "$500 Group", "kind": "lump_sum", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 1374 }, { "label": "$2,000 Group", "kind": "lump_sum", "amount": 2000, "currency": "USD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 699 }, { "label": "Control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 3170 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T62-1", "treated": "$500 Group", "control": "Control", "kind": "lump_sum", "monthly_amount": null, "lump_sum": 500.0, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 0.0, "n_treated": 1374.0, "n_control": 3170.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "once" }, { "id": "T62-2", "treated": "$2,000 Group", "control": "Control", "kind": "lump_sum", "monthly_amount": null, "lump_sum": 2000.0, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 0.0, "n_treated": 699.0, "n_control": 3170.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "once" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "t2 (about one week after the cash transfer)", "months_since_first_payment": 0.25, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] }, { "label": "t3 (about one month and one week after the cash transfer)", "months_since_first_payment": 1.25, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] }, { "label": "t4 (about three months and one week after the cash transfer)", "months_since_first_payment": 3.25, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "registered:AEARCTR-0006150_1", "ppr:PPR602979" ], "registration": "AEARCTR-0006149", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0006149", "registered_before_payments": true }, { "id": "AEARCTR-0006150", "registered_before_payments": true } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T63", "name": "One-time cash during COVID-19 (Ontario, Canada)", "eligible": false, "reason": "no_eligible_outcome", "why": "A randomized trial in Ontario primary care of a one-time unconditional C$1,000 (C$1,200 for households of three or more) against public health guidance alone, whose outcomes over 14 days were COVID-19 symptoms, close contacts, infection, general health, making ends meet, food security and medication non-adherence, with no mental health or employment outcome.", "decided_by": "both coders", "registration": "NCT04359264", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT04359264", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T64", "name": "Wealth redistribution of $10,000 gifts (several countries)", "eligible": false, "reason": "no_eligible_outcome", "why": "TED's experiment randomly gave US$10,000 to 200 of 300 people in seven countries (three of them, with 145 participants, not high-income), but it reports only subjective well-being (Satisfaction with Life Scale, positive and negative affect), not mental health symptoms or employment.", "decided_by": "both coders", "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T65", "name": "Cash and after-school programs for young men (Wilmington, Delaware)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Three-arm RCT in Wilmington in which the cash-alone arm ($150 a week for six months, no requirements) versus a waitlisted control is eligible, reporting a physical and mental health composite built partly from psychological distress items; the cash-plus-programming arm required attending sessions.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "United States", "sites": "Wilmington, Delaware (ZIP codes 19801, 19802, 19805)", "population": "Young men aged 14-17 in Medicaid-eligible families living in three high-crime Wilmington ZIP codes", "years": "2021-11 to 2022-05", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "race, ethnicity, and neighborhood (blocked); siblings kept in the same group", "payment_start": "2021-11", "payment_months": 6, "mental_health_instruments": [ "psychological distress items (nervous, hopeless, restless or fidgety, depressed, everything an effort, so sad nothing could cheer you up, worthless; Kessler-type) within a physical and mental health composite that also includes ER visits, injury, threats, chance of being killed by 21, and self-esteem items" ], "employment_measures": null, "evaluator": "Urban Institute with the Delaware Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS)", "notes": "Randomized October 2021; cash ran six months from fall 2021 (month not stated, so payment_start 2021-11 is approximate) to May 2022 on a reloadable card. The cash-plus-programming arm received cash only after attending the first sessions (enough to submit forms), so its comparison is not eligible. 86% of the cash-alone arm picked up the card. Monthly surveys were not analysed because of low response; results come from the exit survey (126 completed) and school records, and the exit survey's exact timing is not stated (before control programming began in summer 2022). Employment status was asked in surveys but no employment results are reported. All participants got $20 gift cards per survey and $40 for the exit survey. The exit survey's date is not given: it followed the end of the six months of payments (May 2022) and came before the control group's programming began in summer 2022, so it is placed at 6 months and counted as during payments under the one-month rule. The four monthly surveys are not analysed, so they are not waves. The financial health composite includes a financial-stress item, which is not coded as stress.", "arms": [ { "label": "Cash transfer plus programming (conditional cash transfer)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 150, "currency": "USD", "per": "week", "months_paid": 6, "n_randomized": 59 }, { "label": "Cash transfer alone (unconditional cash transfer)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 150, "currency": "USD", "per": "week", "months_paid": 6, "n_randomized": 56 }, { "label": "Control group (waitlisted)", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "week", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 57 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T65-1", "treated": "Cash transfer alone (unconditional cash transfer)", "control": "Control group (waitlisted)", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 650.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 6.0, "n_treated": 56.0, "n_control": 57.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "week" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "Exit survey (after the program and cash transfer ended)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "pmid:38637462", "ppr:PPR749617" ], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T66", "name": "Economic support for smoking cessation among low-income adults", "eligible": false, "reason": "no_eligible_outcome", "why": "A pilot RCT in Cleveland that gave food-insecure adults who smoke a $250 unrestricted Visa card (about $83 a month for 3 months) on top of resource navigation, against navigation alone, but it reports only feasibility, smoking, food security and general health outcomes, with no mental health or employment outcome.", "decided_by": "both coders", "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T67", "name": "Unconditional cash for food insecurity in oncology", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A pilot RCT in New Mexico that gave food-insecure breast and gynecological cancer survivors $100 a month for 3 months on Visa merchandise cards usable anywhere, against usual care, reporting the PROMIS Global Health mental health score at 3 months.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico" ], "population": "Food-insecure adult women diagnosed within 24 months with stage I-III breast, ovarian, endometrial, cervical or vulvar cancer who had completed initial treatment", "years": "2021-09 to 2022-06", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": null, "payment_months": 3, "mental_health_instruments": [ "PROMIS Global Health Scale (mental health score)", "PHQ-9 (registered; no results reported)", "Perceived Stress Scale PSS-10 (registered; no results reported)" ], "employment_measures": null, "evaluator": "University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center researchers", "notes": "Three monthly $100 Visa merchandise cards were mailed after randomization; recruitment ran September 2021 to March 2022, so the payment dates are approximate. The follow-up was 3 months after the baseline survey, around the last payment. Usual care included referrals and nutrition pamphlets for both arms, and the usual care arm got a delayed one-time $300 after the 3-month follow-up. 17 were randomized (7 and 10) and 14 completed follow-up (5 and 9); the conference abstract says 19 enrolled. Employment appears only as a baseline characteristic.", "arms": [ { "label": "Unconditional cash transfer (UCT)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 100, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 3, "n_randomized": 7 }, { "label": "Usual care (UC)", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 10 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T67-1", "treated": "Unconditional cash transfer (UCT)", "control": "Usual care (UC)", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 100.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 3.0, "n_treated": 7.0, "n_control": 10.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "3-month follow-up", "months_since_first_payment": 3, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "pmid:39447043", "openalex:W4389241817" ], "registration": "NCT05176743", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT05176743", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T68", "name": "COIN: cash for families of preterm infants", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A pilot RCT in a Philadelphia NICU that randomized Medicaid-eligible birthing parents of preterm infants to $325 or a token $25 a month on a debit card for 4 months, reporting depressive symptoms (PHQ-2) and perceived stress at 2 and 4 months.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (level III NICU at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania)" ], "population": "Medicaid-eligible birthing parents aged 18 or over of preterm infants (under 37 weeks), Philadelphia County residents, enrolled within 2 weeks of birth", "years": "2023-07 to 2024-03", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "gestational age (28 weeks or more vs under 28 weeks)", "payment_start": "2023-07", "payment_months": 4, "mental_health_instruments": [ "PHQ-2 (share with a passing score under 3)", "Perceived Stress Scale (share with a passing score under 6)" ], "employment_measures": [ "worked while pregnant and paid maternity leave (baseline only)" ], "evaluator": "Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania", "notes": "A feasibility pilot: the primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability, and the mental health measures are exploratory counts by arm with no statistical tests. The first payment was made at enrollment (July to November 2023) and three more within 2 days of the infant's monthly birthdays; the 4-month survey falls at the end of the four-month payment period. The low-value arm ($25 a month on the same debit card, with the same benefits counselling) served as the control. 25 dyads enrolled; one was excluded after an infant death, leaving 12 per arm (13 infants in the high-value arm, which had twins); 19 completed both follow-up surveys. Employment appears only at baseline.", "arms": [ { "label": "High-value UCT", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 325, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 4, "n_randomized": 12 }, { "label": "Low-value UCT (active control)", "kind": "control", "amount": 25, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 4, "n_randomized": 12 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T68-1", "treated": "High-value UCT", "control": "Low-value UCT (active control)", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 325.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 4.0, "n_treated": 12.0, "n_control": 12.0, "control_amount": 25.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "2-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 2, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress" ] }, { "label": "4-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 4, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "pmid:40216998", "pmid:41167466" ], "registration": "NCT05930327", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT05930327", "registered_before_payments": true } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T69", "name": "Guaranteed Income and Financial Treatment (GIFT, oncology)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Medicaid patients with advanced cancer are randomized 1:1.5 to $1,000 a month for 12 months without conditions or to usual care, with anxiety and depression (HADS) and work hours among the planned outcomes, though only preliminary 3-month results on other outcomes are reported.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Abramson Cancer Center at Penn Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson Health)" ], "population": "Adult Pennsylvania Medicaid beneficiaries with newly diagnosed or recurrent stage 3-4 cancer on or within 12 months of systemic therapy, ECOG 1-2, not hospice-eligible", "years": "2023-04 to 2025-07", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "age and recruitment site (block randomization, 1:1.5 allocation)", "payment_start": "2023-04", "payment_months": 12, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), anxiety and depression subscales (planned secondary outcome)", "RAND 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), including emotional wellbeing and role limitations due to emotional problems subscales" ], "employment_measures": [ "weekly hours of employment (planned)", "interruptions in employment and work reductions (planned)", "earnings from Social Security records at 2, 3, and 5 years (aggregate, planned)" ], "evaluator": "University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Cancer Center at Penn Medicine (PI Meredith Doherty), with Mathematica Policy Research as collaborator", "notes": "Only the SSWR 2026 conference abstract reports results: preliminary 3-month comparisons (51% follow-up) of financial toxicity (COST), food insecurity, and SF-36 domains (energy/fatigue, pain); no HADS or employment results yet, so result_reports is empty. Planned 100 intervention and 150 control (250 total, over-recruiting controls for expected differential attrition); numbers actually randomized are not reported. Paid monthly onto a USIO debit card; payments pass to a designated beneficiary if the participant dies. SSI eligibility protected by an SSA cooperative-agreement waiver, with Medicaid, SSDI, and SNAP also addressed. Both arms get information on financial toxicity and contact details for a hospital social worker or financial advocate (usual care). $30 per completed survey in both arms (raised to $50 in an arm whose response falls to 75%). Survey months are counted from enrollment; payments start after weekly randomization and a meeting with the guaranteed income manager, so months since first payment are slightly fewer. Years are the registration's actual start (2023-04) and primary completion (2025-07) dates. Quality of life is also measured with FACT-G. pmid:38908741 (lessons learned) and the two corrigenda hold no results.", "arms": [ { "label": "Intervention arm ($1,000/month unconditional cash transfer)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": null }, { "label": "Control arm (treatment as usual)", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": null } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T69-1", "treated": "Intervention arm ($1,000/month unconditional cash transfer)", "control": "Control arm (treatment as usual)", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 1000.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": null, "n_control": null, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "3m (T2) survey", "months_since_first_payment": 3, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "6m (T3) survey", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "9m (T4) survey", "months_since_first_payment": 9, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12m (T5) survey", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "Social Security records, 2 years (planned)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] }, { "label": "Social Security records, 3 years (planned)", "months_since_first_payment": 36, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] }, { "label": "Social Security records, 5 years (planned)", "months_since_first_payment": 60, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "result_reports": [], "registration": "NCT06611982", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT06611982", "registered_before_payments": false } ], "integrity": { "ok": false } }, { "trial": "T70", "name": "Black Economic Equity Movement (BEEM, San Francisco and Oakland)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A randomized waitlist-crossover trial in which 300 low-income Black young adults in San Francisco and Oakland got $500 a month either in the first 12 months (cash now) or the second (cash in a year), with depressive symptoms (CESD-R-10) and anxiety (GAD-7) as planned outcomes at 12 months; no outcome results are in the files yet.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "San Francisco, California", "Oakland, California" ], "population": "Black or African American young adults aged 18 to 24 living in low-income census tracts (LIHTC qualified census tracts) of San Francisco or Oakland, or unhoused there, not in another guaranteed income program", "years": "2022-11 to 2025-09", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "gender, age group (18-20, 21-24) and city of residence (block randomization)", "payment_start": "2022-11", "payment_months": 12, "mental_health_instruments": [ "CESD-R-10 (major or probable major depressive episode) (planned)", "GAD-7, score of 10 or more (planned)", "Hope Matters Scale (planned)" ], "employment_measures": [ "enrollment in education, leadership or employment training programs ('investments in the future')", "employment and earnings asked in monthly check-ins (planned)" ], "evaluator": "University of California, San Francisco, with Oregon Health and Science University and MyPath", "notes": "The files hold the protocol, the registration (NCT05609188, completed September 2025, 300 enrolled), baseline data and a qualitative study of employment precarity from 36 participants' interviews, but no randomized outcome results, so measures are left empty. The cash-in-a-year arm gets the same $500 a month in months 13 to 24, so it is a no-cash control only up to the 12-month crossover; the later quarterly surveys (15 to 24 months) compare cash that has ended with cash being received and are left out of the waves. Participants were drawn monthly from an eligible pool and randomized after the baseline survey, so payment dates are staggered from November 2022 (study start); the years span the whole study, including the waitlist arm's second-year payments. Both arms are offered optional peer discussion groups and financial mentoring throughout, and survey payments plus $100 for answering most monthly check-ins. Payments go on a Focus prepaid card on the first of each month.", "arms": [ { "label": "Cash now (Phase 1 GI)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 150 }, { "label": "Cash in a year (Phase 2 GI, waitlist)", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 150 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T70-1", "treated": "Cash now (Phase 1 GI)", "control": "Cash in a year (Phase 2 GI, waitlist)", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": 150.0, "n_control": 150.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "3 months", "months_since_first_payment": 3, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "6 months", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "9 months", "months_since_first_payment": 9, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12 months (crossover)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] } ], "result_reports": [], "registration": "NCT05609188", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT05609188", "registered_before_payments": true } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T71", "name": "Philly Family Trust Study (primary care patients, Philadelphia)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Medicaid primary care patients with hypertension or diabetes were randomized to $125 every two weeks for eight payments on a reloadable debit card, without conditions, or to usual care, and posted results report psychological distress (K6+), state anxiety, and perceived stress at 3 months.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Penn Family Care clinic)" ], "population": "Adult Pennsylvania Medicaid enrollees treated at Penn Family Care for prediabetes/diabetes and/or hypertension with at least one oral medication, English-speaking, staying in the Philadelphia area", "years": "2023-04 to 2023-11", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2023-04", "payment_months": 3.2, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6+)", "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, state anxiety subscale", "Perceived Stress Scale, short form (0-16), a stress measure" ], "employment_measures": [], "evaluator": "University of Pennsylvania (Richterman, Roberto, Thirumurthy, Gibson and colleagues), funded by the National Institute on Aging through the Penn Roybal Center", "notes": "$125 on the day of enrollment and every two weeks after, eight payments totalling $1,000 over 14 weeks, on a reloadable Greenphire ClinCard debit card that also carried study compensation; a Pennsylvania DHS waiver kept the payments from counting as income for state programs. Both arms were paid $25 for the baseline and $50 for the follow-up visit ($35 more for an interview). Pilot trial: the article is qualitative and runs no between-arm tests; between-arm estimates are in the ClinicalTrials.gov posted results (93 of 100 at follow-up: 49 cash, 44 control). The follow-up visit about 12 weeks after enrollment came before the last payment. Work status and hours were collected only at baseline. Permuted blocks of four. The registration describes the transfer as $1,000 over 4 months; the article's abstract says enrollment ran 3/2023-8/2023, the registration's actual start is 2023-04-04.", "arms": [ { "label": "Cash Transfer", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 125, "currency": "USD", "per": "two_weeks", "months_paid": 3.2, "n_randomized": 50 }, { "label": "Control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "two_weeks", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 50 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T71-1", "treated": "Cash Transfer", "control": "Control", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 270.83, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 3.2, "n_treated": 50.0, "n_control": 50.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "two_weeks" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "3-month follow-up visit (about 12 weeks after enrollment)", "months_since_first_payment": 3, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "registered:NCT05838027_1", "NCT05838027", "pmid:41691989" ], "registration": "NCT05838027", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT05838027", "registered_before_payments": true } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T72", "name": "Cash transfers to address child welfare involvement", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A registered RCT with New York's child welfare agency in which 150 caregivers referred to CPS's Family Assessment Response got $500 a month for 12 months unconditionally and 300 got none, with Kessler 10 and perceived stress among its outcomes at 12 months; only a qualitative study of recipients has been published in the files.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Monroe County, New York", "Onondaga County, New York", "Westchester County, New York" ], "population": "Caregivers aged 18 or over served through New York's child protective Family Assessment Response track in the previous six months, invited by caseworkers", "years": "2023-06 to 2024-06", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2023-06", "payment_months": 12, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (planned)", "Perceived Stress Scale-4 (planned)", "Parental Stress Scale (planned)", "SF-36 general health items (planned)" ], "employment_measures": null, "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research, University of Pennsylvania (Stacia West), with the New York State Office of Children and Family Services and Office of Temporary and Disability Assistance", "notes": "The files hold the registration (NCT05857553: started June 2023, completed December 2024, 450 enrolled) and an abstract of a qualitative study of 40 treated caregivers; no randomized outcome results yet, so measures are left empty and the waves are the planned surveys at 6, 12 and 18 months. Primary outcomes are CPS reports and foster care placements from administrative data over 18 months. Payments go on a debit card from an OCFS contractor; controls are invited to paid research activities. Employment is not among the registered outcomes. Payment dates are approximate (study start plus 12 months).", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment Group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 150 }, { "label": "Control Group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 300 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T72-1", "treated": "Treatment Group", "control": "Control Group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 500.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": 150.0, "n_control": 300.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "6 months", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12 months", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "18 months (survey and CPS administrative data)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "result_reports": [], "registration": "NCT05857553", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT05857553", "registered_before_payments": true } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T73", "name": "Abundant Birth Project (San Francisco)", "eligible": false, "reason": "no_control_arm", "why": "The Abundant Birth Project chose pregnant Black and Pacific Islander people in San Francisco for $1,000 a month for 12 months by random 'abundance drawings', but the only file is a formative design study; unselected applicants stayed in later drawings, and the evaluation it describes is opt-in for participants only, with no control group or comparative outcomes.", "decided_by": "both coders", "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T74", "name": "SeCuRE (Detroit)", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_unconditional_cash", "why": "SeCuRE's pilot RCT compares usual care (a $250 emergency payment for both arms) with 12 weekly economic-empowerment sessions, employment mentoring and a $1,200 microgrant that each participant spends on income generation under a plan made with a mentor, so the extra cash is earmarked and bundled with services, and its outcomes are feasibility and HIV prevention and care.", "decided_by": "both coders", "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T75", "name": "Microgrants with or without peer support for transgender and nonbinary adults", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Three-arm RCT for transgender and nonbinary adults comparing $150 a month for six months, with or without peer mentoring, against a single $150 microgrant, with Kessler 6 as the primary outcome; protocol only.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "United States", "sites": "National, web-based", "population": "Transgender and nonbinary adults aged 18 or over in the United States with at least one material hardship, able to consent in English, with a mobile phone, email and photo ID", "years": null, "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "gender identity (transgender man, transgender woman, nonbinary)", "payment_start": "2023-11", "payment_months": 6, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 6 (K6), primary outcome" ], "employment_measures": null, "evaluator": "CARES study team (Duke University IRB of record) with the National Black Trans Advocacy Coalition", "notes": "Protocol only; planned 360 (120 per arm), 138 enrolled by July 2024, so n_randomized is null. Soft launch November 2023 (payment_start), full recruitment from January 2024 to March 2025. Microgrants by Mastercard; the only condition is monthly date-of-birth verification. All arms receive monthly financial education videos. Arm A's single $150 equals arm B's first payment. Arm C adds peer mentoring, so C vs A also reflects mentoring. Survey incentives $50 at baseline and 6 months, $70 at 12 months, to all. Planned sizes are 120 per arm (Table 1 of the protocol).", "arms": [ { "label": "Arm A: enhanced usual care (single $150 microgrant)", "kind": "control", "amount": 150, "currency": "USD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": null }, { "label": "Arm B: extended microgrants", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 150, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 6, "n_randomized": null }, { "label": "Arm C: peer mentoring (extended microgrants plus peer mentoring)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 150, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 6, "n_randomized": null } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T75-1", "treated": "Arm B: extended microgrants", "control": "Arm A: enhanced usual care (single $150 microgrant)", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 150.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 6.0, "n_treated": null, "n_control": null, "control_amount": 150.0, "control_per": "once" }, { "id": "T75-2", "treated": "Arm C: peer mentoring (extended microgrants plus peer mentoring)", "control": "Arm A: enhanced usual care (single $150 microgrant)", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 150.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 6.0, "n_treated": null, "n_control": null, "control_amount": 150.0, "control_per": "once" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "3-month process measures", "months_since_first_payment": 3, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "6-month survey (end of intervention)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "result_reports": [], "registration": null, "registrations": [], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T76", "name": "Conditional cash transfers in a primary care clinic", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A small RCT in Philadelphia primary care that gave low-income patients with social needs a one-time $500 (labelled a conditional cash transfer, but only a request to spend it on their social need, unenforced) against a $50 participation reward, with the SF-12 registered as a secondary outcome at 6 months; the paper reports only qualitative findings.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (two University of Pennsylvania internal medicine practices)" ], "population": "Adult Medicare or Medicaid primary care patients in low-income Philadelphia ZIP codes (median household income under $50,000) screening positive for financial strain, transportation needs or food insecurity, with at least one chronic condition", "years": "2021-11 to 2022-03", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2021-11", "payment_months": null, "mental_health_instruments": [ "SF-12 (registered secondary outcome; no results reported)" ], "employment_measures": null, "evaluator": "University of Pennsylvania (Division of General Internal Medicine)", "notes": "The registration (NCT05201586) calls the $500 a conditional cash transfer, but recipients were only asked to use it toward their flagged social need, with no repayment if they did not and no review of spending; it was paid on a preloaded debit card after the enrollment interview, and both arms set a 6-month health goal. Enrollment ran November 2021 to March 2022 (30 patients, 15 per arm planned); 25 completed follow-up interviews. The paper reports qualitative themes and baseline self-rated health only, so no file holds quantitative mental health results; the registered secondary outcomes are the SF-12, blood pressure, HbA1c, cigarettes and utilization.", "arms": [ { "label": "Cash transfer ($500 at enrollment)", "kind": "lump_sum", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 15 }, { "label": "Control ($50 participation reward)", "kind": "control", "amount": 50, "currency": "USD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 15 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T76-1", "treated": "Cash transfer ($500 at enrollment)", "control": "Control ($50 participation reward)", "kind": "lump_sum", "monthly_amount": null, "lump_sum": 500.0, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 0.0, "n_treated": 15.0, "n_control": 15.0, "control_amount": 50.0, "control_per": "once" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "6-month follow-up interview", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "result_reports": [], "registration": "NCT05201586", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT05201586", "registered_before_payments": true } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T77", "name": "Conditional cash transfer for families with young children (Italy)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "An RCT in Turin that randomly split about 1,587 low-income families with a child under six eligible for an existing income support program into an unconditional transfer of 2,500 to 3,500 euros in three installments, the same transfer conditional on attending courses, or no transfer, reporting mothers' and partners' employment, hours and wages 12 months after admission.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "Italy", "sites": [ "Turin" ], "population": "Families with ISEE income under 7,000 euros and at least one child under six, admitted to the Ufficio Pio's AOS income support program from April to December 2016", "years": "2016-04 to 2017-06", "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": "biweekly batches of eligible applicants (families randomized within each batch of about 90)", "payment_start": "2016-04", "payment_months": 6, "mental_health_instruments": null, "employment_measures": [ "current employment status and type of employment (mother of the youngest child and partner)", "days or hours usually worked", "wages", "job-seeking activities and training" ], "evaluator": "Collegio Carlo Alberto and CHILD (Daniela Del Boca, Chiara Pronzato, Giuseppe Sorrenti; Universities of Turin and Zurich), with the Ufficio Pio of the Compagnia di San Paolo", "notes": "Transfers came in three installments: 500 euros at admission, then 1,000 to 1,500 euros at about 3 and about 6 months (2,500 to 3,500 euros in all; the registration says 2,500 to 3,000), coded as 3,000 euros a year paid over 6 months. The CCT arm got the same money only after attending at least 75 percent of two assigned courses, so it is not compared here. The control group, though eligible, got no transfer during the analysis period, only a 100-euro food voucher for completing the endline survey. The endline interviewed the mother of the youngest child about herself and her partner; 73 percent responded (376 CCT, 396 UCT, 383 CG). No mental health outcome is reported (self-rated health at baseline only).", "arms": [ { "label": "UCT (unconditional cash transfer)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 3000, "currency": "EUR", "per": "year", "months_paid": 6, "n_randomized": 533 }, { "label": "CCT (conditional cash transfer)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 3000, "currency": "EUR", "per": "year", "months_paid": 6, "n_randomized": 533 }, { "label": "CG (control group)", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "EUR", "per": "year", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 521 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T77-1", "treated": "UCT (unconditional cash transfer)", "control": "CG (control group)", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 250.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "EUR", "months_paid": 6.0, "n_treated": 533.0, "n_control": 521.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "year" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "Endline survey (12 months after admission)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "openalex:W2910961751" ], "registration": "AEARCTR-0001476", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0001476", "registered_before_payments": false } ], "integrity": { "ok": false } }, { "trial": "T78", "name": "Chicago Resilient Communities Pilot", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "AEARCTR-0009656", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0009656", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T80", "name": "Cash transfers for rapid re-housing clients (Bay Area)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A registered RCT in the San Francisco Bay Area that randomly gives households leaving Abode Services' rapid re-housing unconditional monthly payments of $800 to $2,000 (about $13,000 to $16,000 over 12 months) against a token $50 a month, with employment and earnings among the registered secondary outcomes; no results are in the files.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Five San Francisco Bay Area counties (Abode Services rapid re-housing programs)" ], "population": "Heads of household aged 18 or over exiting Abode Services' rapid re-housing programs, not in another cash transfer pilot", "years": null, "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": "family type (single or adults-only vs household with dependents) and county of residence", "payment_start": null, "payment_months": 12, "mental_health_instruments": null, "employment_measures": [ "earnings, wage rate, employed, job exits and job starts (secondary outcomes in the 2022 registration)" ], "evaluator": "LEO at the University of Notre Dame (Mary Kate Batistich, James Sullivan) and Stanford University (Adrienne Sabety), with Abode Services", "notes": "Only a pre-analysis plan (January 2023), its abstract and two registrations are in the files; no results yet, so measures are left empty. Treatment payments vary by family type and month (larger for families and in the first months), coded as their approximate average of $1,200 a month; they fall on a fixed schedule, not with earnings. Payments go on a preloaded debit card, with waivers sought for means-tested benefits (not possible for SSI). The plans differ: the 2022 registration (AEARCTR-0010372) planned 990 families (495 per arm), payments from February 2023, and employment and earnings as secondary outcomes; the pre-analysis plan expected enrollment from mid-2023 with 445 per arm analysed and names only homelessness, housing stability and credit outcomes; the 2024 registration (AEARCTR-0013550) gives 545 families (218 treatment, 327 control) from May 2024, with homelessness primary and housing stability and financial wellbeing secondary. Arm sizes are null because every file gives only planned numbers (495 and 495 in 2022; 218 treatment and 327 control in 2024), and payment dates are left null. All outcomes come from administrative data (HMIS, Infutor, Experian; employment records unnamed).", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1200, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": null }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 50, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": null } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T80-1", "treated": "Treatment group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 1200.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": null, "n_control": null, "control_amount": 50.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "12 months after random assignment (administrative data)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "24 months after random assignment (administrative data)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "result_reports": [], "registration": "AEARCTR-0010372", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0010372", "registered_before_payments": null }, { "id": "AEARCTR-0013550", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T81", "name": "COVID-19 Cash Transfer Study (SNAP households, 12 states)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "SNAP-recipient families with children using the Fresh EBT app were randomized, by app user segment, to a one-time unconditional $1,000 GiveDirectly transfer or nothing, and surveys report a mental health index (PHQ-2, GAD-2) and employment and hours.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Indiana", "Kentucky", "Louisiana", "Maine", "Michigan", "Minnesota", "New Hampshire", "New Mexico", "North Carolina", "Ohio", "Pennsylvania", "Rhode Island" ], "population": "Families with children receiving or recently receiving SNAP who used the Fresh EBT app, had not received a GiveDirectly payment before, and were not receiving SSI/SSDI", "years": "2020-05 to 2020-05", "randomization": "cluster", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2020-05", "payment_months": null, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Mental health challenges index (Anderson 2008) combining PHQ-2 depression and GAD-2 anxiety items", "PHQ-2", "GAD-2" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed part- or full-time", "hours worked", "looking for work", "monthly earnings (stated as unaffected, no table)" ], "evaluator": "University of Michigan, Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, Poverty Solutions and Youth Policy Lab (Pilkauskas, Jacob, Richard, Shaefer) and OpenResearch (Rhodes), with GiveDirectly and Propel (Fresh EBT)", "notes": "GiveDirectly Project 100+ transfer through a Hyperwallet account (PayPal, cash pickup, prepaid card, bank transfer, or check); about 99% of the treatment group cashed out. Fresh EBT randomly assigns users to 1,000 segments, and blocks of segments were assigned to treatment (0-300, 801-1000) or control (500-800), so individuals were in effect randomly assigned; the authors report unclustered robust SEs. Enrollment problems (segments shown the banner at different times and with different prior GiveDirectly exposure) left modest imbalance in app use; a restricted sample gives similar results. n_randomized counts eligible users with children who agreed to be contacted; baseline respondents were 5,370 treatment and 4,069 control, and 176 users not living with children were dropped. The baseline survey was fielded as transfers arrived, so only time-invariant baseline items are used. Surveys paid $10 (raised to $20 near the end) in both arms; response 60% vs 59% at one month and 59% vs 55% at three months. The one-month survey was open 9 days, about 27-36 days after receipt, coded as not within a month. Published in JPAM 2023 (only its abstract is in the files). Fielded during COVID-19 alongside stimulus payments and expanded unemployment insurance.", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment ($1,000 cash transfer)", "kind": "lump_sum", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 7915 }, { "label": "Control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 5777 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T81-1", "treated": "Treatment ($1,000 cash transfer)", "control": "Control", "kind": "lump_sum", "monthly_amount": null, "lump_sum": 1000.0, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 0.0, "n_treated": 7915.0, "n_control": 5777.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "once" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "One-month follow-up survey (sent June 18, 2020)", "months_since_first_payment": 1, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours" ] }, { "label": "Three-month follow-up survey (launched August 21, 2020)", "months_since_first_payment": 3, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "registered:AEARCTR-0005852_1", "registered:AEARCTR-0005852_2" ], "registration": "AEARCTR-0005852", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0005852", "registered_before_payments": true } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T82", "name": "COVID-19 Cash Transfer Study II (high-poverty zip codes)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "SNAP-recipient Fresh EBT app users in high-poverty zip codes were individually randomized to an offer of a one-time unconditional $1,000 GiveDirectly transfer or no offer, and a survey about six weeks later reports mental health (GAD-2, PHQ-2), stress, employment, hours, and earnings.", "decided_by": "both coders", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "1,265 zip codes with poverty rates of at least 35% in 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico" ], "population": "Adults receiving SNAP who used the Fresh EBT app and lived in zip codes with poverty rates of at least 35%, with or without children", "years": "2020-09 to 2020-10", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "whether the user began using the app before February 1, 2020 and three levels of state welfare generosity (maximum TANF benefit), six strata, with re-randomization for covariate balance (Lock and Rubin 2012)", "payment_start": "2020-09", "payment_months": null, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Mental health composite (Anderson 2008) of GAD-2 anxiety and PHQ-2 depression items", "GAD-2 (binary: more than half the days)", "PHQ-2 (binary: more than half the days)", "Stress Overload Scale, short form (S-SOS), a stress measure", "Somatic Symptom Scale (SSS-8)" ], "employment_measures": [ "worked part- or full-time", "hours worked last week", "household monthly earnings", "looked for work in the last 30 days", "number of job search tasks" ], "evaluator": "University of Michigan research team (Jacob, Pilkauskas, Richard, Shaefer) and OpenResearch (Rhodes), with GiveDirectly and Propel (Fresh EBT)", "notes": "The offer was shown as a banner in the Fresh EBT app from September 14 to 24, 2020 (claims finished by September 29) and paid through Hyperwallet; only 41.3% of the treatment group received it (68% of treated survey respondents), so the paper reports ITT and LATE, with LATE in the main tables. 60,000 users were assigned (30,000 per arm); the study sample is the roughly 46,000 who logged in during the enrollment window (23,068 treatment). Survey response 31% treatment vs 29% control (13,755 respondents). Incentives and outreach differed by arm: control non-responders (and untreated treatment members early on) were offered $20, controls briefly $40, and controls got extra push notifications and calls, while treated respondents got $10. SEs clustered by zip code; randomization inference. Treated respondents answered on average 39 days after claiming. Companion to T81 by the same team. Published in the National Tax Journal 2022 (only its abstract is in the files).", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment ($1,000 cash transfer offer)", "kind": "lump_sum", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 30000 }, { "label": "Control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 30000 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T82-1", "treated": "Treatment ($1,000 cash transfer offer)", "control": "Control", "kind": "lump_sum", "monthly_amount": null, "lump_sum": 1000.0, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 0.0, "n_treated": 30000.0, "n_control": 30000.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "once" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "Survey about six weeks after transfers could first be claimed (October 28 to December 1, 2020)", "months_since_first_payment": 1.4, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "registered:AEARCTR-0006398_1", "registered:AEARCTR-0006398_2" ], "registration": "AEARCTR-0006398", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0006398", "registered_before_payments": true } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T86", "name": "Emergency rental assistance lotteries (Chicago)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Two Chicago lotteries (the City Department of Housing and The Resurrection Project) gave flat one-time unconditional $1,000 grants paid directly to selected applicants against unselected applicants, and follow-up surveys report a PHQ-4 anxiety item for each lottery.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Chicago, Illinois" ], "population": "Chicago residents applying for COVID-19 emergency grants: DOH (renters and homeowners at risk of eviction, foreclosure or homelessness, pre-pandemic income at most 60% of area median, pandemic income loss) and TRP (income below 300% of the poverty line, not receiving CARES Act aid; undocumented and mixed-status families encouraged)", "years": "2020-04 to 2020-10", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2020-04", "payment_months": null, "mental_health_instruments": [ "PHQ-4 item 'How often have you felt nervous, anxious, or on edge?' over the last week, coded 1 for more than half the days or nearly every day" ], "employment_measures": [], "evaluator": "University of Chicago Inclusive Economy Lab with John Eric Humphries and Winnie van Dijk; reported in the four-city study of Collinson, DeFusco, Humphries, Keys, Phillips, Reina, Turner and van Dijk (NBER Working Paper 32463)", "notes": "Two separate lotteries, each with its own control group. DOH (first round; applications March 27 to April 5, 2020; about 75,700 applications): random ranks, offers in rank order until funds ran out, eligibility checked after selection; 722 grants paid directly to tenants in April-May 2020 (later DOH rounds had no usable control group). TRP Chicago Resiliency Fund (second round, applications from June 22, 2020; 10,300 applications): 1,607 grants paid directly, August-October 2020. n_randomized are the paper's balance-table counts of selected and unselected applicants (maximum counts; the registry gives 1,685 DOH and 1,761 TRP selected). Estimates are TSLS of grant receipt instrumented by selection, with survey weights for unequal response (DOH 41% selected vs 28% not; TRP 31% vs 18%). DOH survey: the month after payment, while some grants were still being paid. TRP survey months computed from the first TRP payments (August 2020). Both programs took renters and homeowners (75-80% renters). Eviction moratoria were in force. Administrative outcomes (Experian credit panel, Infutor address histories, Cook County eviction records, Chicago HMIS homelessness records) have no mental health or employment measures and are not coded as waves. Employment appears only as a pre-lottery subgroup and baseline 'any paid work'. Only the Chicago columns of the four-city paper belong to this trial.", "arms": [ { "label": "Chicago DOH: selected by lottery", "kind": "lump_sum", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 1537 }, { "label": "Chicago DOH: not selected", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 73126 }, { "label": "Chicago TRP: selected by lottery", "kind": "lump_sum", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 1765 }, { "label": "Chicago TRP: not selected", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 4688 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T86-1", "treated": "Chicago DOH: selected by lottery", "control": "Chicago DOH: not selected", "kind": "lump_sum", "monthly_amount": null, "lump_sum": 1000.0, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 0.0, "n_treated": 1537.0, "n_control": 73126.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "once" }, { "id": "T86-2", "treated": "Chicago TRP: selected by lottery", "control": "Chicago TRP: not selected", "kind": "lump_sum", "monthly_amount": null, "lump_sum": 1000.0, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 0.0, "n_treated": 1765.0, "n_control": 4688.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "once" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "Chicago DOH survey (May-June 2020)", "months_since_first_payment": 1, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] }, { "label": "Chicago TRP survey (February-April 2021)", "months_since_first_payment": 7, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "registered:AEARCTR-0007731_1" ], "registration": "AEARCTR-0007731", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0007731", "registered_before_payments": false } ], "integrity": { "ok": false } }, { "trial": "T92", "name": "Guaranteed basic income in rural South Carolina (Anderson County)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Matched-tuple randomized trial of a flat unconditional $200 a month for 24 months against a $10-a-month control in Anderson, South Carolina, reporting quarterly employment and labor earnings from state records.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Anderson, South Carolina (Anderson County)" ], "population": "Low-income adults (household income at most $60,000) served by Anderson Interfaith Ministries, mostly living in non-urban areas; SSI recipients screened out", "years": "2023-08 to 2025-07", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": [ "matched four-tuples (Bai 2022) formed on baseline demographics (sex, race, Hispanic, high school degree, home ownership, age, household size) and baseline outcomes (labor force participation, income, poor or fair health, smoking, poverty)" ], "payment_start": "2023-08", "payment_months": 24, "mental_health_instruments": [], "employment_measures": [ "employed in the quarter (any taxed wages or tips in South Carolina Department of Employment and Workforce records)", "monthly earnings from labor income (state records)", "employment and income from all sources, taxed and untaxed (phone interview about 2024 Q3)", "labor force participation (baseline survey)" ], "evaluator": "Jorge Luis García (Texas A&M University), Patrick L. Warren and L. Reed Watson (Clemson University, John E. Walker Department of Economics), with Anderson Interfaith Ministries and Spero Financial", "notes": "Both arms got free Spero credit-union accounts with debit cards, into which deposits were made monthly from August 25, 2023 ($200 treatment, $10 control), so the control's $10 is a token and account access is common to both arms. Existing benefits were not protected (no discernible effect on SNAP or TANF). 100 enrolled at AIM in May-June 2023; 7 who did not activate their debit card were excluded before randomization; 93 randomized within 23 matched tuples (40 treatment, 53 control). Quarter 0 (2023 Q3) is used as baseline although it includes about one month of payments. Results so far run to five quarters after the first deposit (bank data to 19 months); payments continue to July 2025 and later quarters are promised. Employment means any taxed wages or tips in the quarter (unemployment and non-participation not distinguished); results are plotted for every quarter, with tests reported at quarters 2 and 5 and p-values for each quarter's employment difference. Phone interviews in October 2024 reached 42 (40 with data) about 2024 Q3 employment and all-source income, as a check on the records. Hospital visits, medical spending, SNAP/TANF, criminal records and bank data are not coded as waves. No mental health outcome is reported. An earlier registration (AEARCTR-0008509, 2021) planned a 40/60 design with a $10 monthly honorarium for controls and mental health questions in the baseline survey.", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 200, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 40 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 10, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 53 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T92-1", "treated": "Treatment group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 200.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 24.0, "n_treated": 40.0, "n_control": 53.0, "control_amount": 10.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "Quarter 1 after first deposit (2023 Q4), state records", "months_since_first_payment": 3, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "employment", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Quarter 2 (2024 Q1), shorter term, state records", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "employment", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Quarter 3 (2024 Q2), state records", "months_since_first_payment": 9, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "employment", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Quarter 4 (2024 Q3), state records", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "employment", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Phone follow-up (October 2024, about 2024 Q3)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "employment" ] }, { "label": "Quarter 5 (2024 Q4), longer term, state records", "months_since_first_payment": 15, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "employment", "earnings" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "registered:AEARCTR-0014466_1" ], "registration": "AEARCTR-0014466", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0014466", "registered_before_payments": false }, { "id": "AEARCTR-0008509", "registered_before_payments": true } ], "integrity": { "ok": false } }, { "trial": "T111", "name": "Miracle Money California (people experiencing homelessness)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Randomized trial among people experiencing homelessness of $750 a month for 12 months plus a phone-buddy program against the phone-buddy program alone (and a waitlist), with employment status reported at follow-up.", "decided_by": "third reader", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "San Francisco Bay Area (San Francisco, Oakland)", "Los Angeles County" ], "population": "English-speaking adults experiencing homelessness (HUD definition) who expressed interest in the Miracle Friends phone-buddy program", "years": "2022-05 to 2024-10", "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": null, "payment_months": 12, "mental_health_instruments": [ "PROMIS Scale 1.2 global health item (self-rated mental health, excellent to poor)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employment status (employed full-time, 35+ hours a week; part-time; unemployed looking or not looking for work; retired), from Los Angeles Homeless Count questions" ], "evaluator": "University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Center for Homelessness, Housing and Health Equity Research (Benjamin Henwood), with Miracle Messages", "notes": "People were recruited for the Miracle Friends phone-buddy program without being told about cash; those assigned to Miracle Money were told only after they began engaging with their phone buddy, so 103 of the 256 assigned received payments (about $1 million in 2022-2024; no ongoing conditions are described once payments began). Two-stage randomization: 523 to Miracle Friends vs 237 to the waitlist, then 256 of the 523 to Miracle Money as well (registry enrollment 759). The reports' main contrast, Miracle Money vs waitlist, confounds cash with the phone-buddy program, so the comparison coded is Miracle Money vs Miracle Friends, whose arms differ only by the cash; results are shown for all three groups. Reported analyses are not ITT: the final report compares participants who completed the study and received an intervention (Miracle Money n=88, Miracle Friends n=40, waitlist n=107), with chart numbers garbled by OCR, and the SSWR 2026 abstract reports 25% employed at follow-up with no differences between groups. The follow-up at which employment is reported is not named; it is coded as the last (15-month) survey. The November 2023 interim report (registered:NCT05408884_2) compares 69 recipients with at least 6 payments to 86 waitlisted at 6 months on housing and unmet needs only. Survey months count from baseline; payment start dates are not reported beyond recruitment beginning in May 2022. $30 per survey for all. Self-rated mental health was measured but no result is reported; loneliness (UCLA 3-item) and substance use are reported. Qualitative interviews with recipients near notification and at the end of the year are not coded as waves. Payment dates are not reported, so years run from the start of recruitment (May 2022) to the planned end of data collection (October 2024).", "arms": [ { "label": "Miracle Money", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 750, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 256 }, { "label": "Miracle Friends", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 267 }, { "label": "Waitlist", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 237 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T111-1", "treated": "Miracle Money", "control": "Miracle Friends", "kind": "recurring", "monthly_amount": 750.0, "lump_sum": null, "currency": "USD", "months_paid": 12.0, "n_treated": 256.0, "n_control": 267.0, "control_amount": 0.0, "control_per": "month" } ], "waves": [ { "label": "3-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 3, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "6-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "9-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 9, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "15-month survey (final follow-up)", "months_since_first_payment": 15, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "employment" ] } ], "result_reports": [ "registered:NCT05408884_1", "registered:NCT05408884_3" ], "registration": "NCT05408884", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT05408884", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T84", "name": "Cash transfers and parent-child interaction", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "AEARCTR-0007225", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0007225", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T88", "name": "Chancellor's Emergency Relief Fund for college students", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "AEARCTR-0008649", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0008649", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T89", "name": "Bay Area Thriving Families (It All Adds Up)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "AEARCTR-0010745", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0010745", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T90", "name": "San Antonio G.O.A.L.S.", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "AEARCTR-0012505", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0012505", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T91", "name": "Unconditional cash during homelessness (Illinois)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "AEARCTR-0012793", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0012793", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T93", "name": "California Guaranteed Income Pilot Program evaluation", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "AEARCTR-0014714", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0014714", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T94", "name": "Long Beach Pledge", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "AEARCTR-0016238", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0016238", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T95", "name": "Cash and information for asylum seekers", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "AEARCTR-0016384", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0016384", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T96", "name": "Unconditional cash and housing instability (Illinois)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "AEARCTR-0018214", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0018214", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T97", "name": "Cash grants to small businesses (Chile)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "AEARCTR-0018706", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0018706", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T98", "name": "Cash assistance for gender-based violence survivors", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "AEARCTR-0018933", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0018933", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T99", "name": "Unconditional cash for people experiencing homelessness (from 2026)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "AEARCTR-0019213", "registrations": [ { "id": "AEARCTR-0019213", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T100", "name": "Negative Income Tax Trial (from 2026)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "NCT07463131", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT07463131", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T101", "name": "RISE in high-risk neuroblastoma", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "NCT06831552", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT06831552", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T102", "name": "BIG Chicago for young people living with HIV", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "NCT07502365", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT07502365", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T103", "name": "Growing Strong (families with babies)", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "NCT06323967", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT06323967", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T104", "name": "Integrating Systems and Basic Income", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "NCT07261254", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT07261254", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T105", "name": "Universal basic income and structural racism in the US South", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "NCT05778578", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT05778578", "registered_before_payments": null }, { "id": "NCT06186128", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T106", "name": "Income supplements and 30-day readmissions of older adults", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "NCT05807750", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT05807750", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T107", "name": "Cash transfers for reentry", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "NCT07265375", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT07265375", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T108", "name": "PAYMENT pilot for early-stage cancer patients", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "NCT06771739", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT06771739", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T109", "name": "Pomona Household Universal Grant", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "NCT06505811", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT06505811", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T110", "name": "Moms and Babies Health and Well-being", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "NCT06923371", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT06923371", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } }, { "trial": "T112", "name": "Silicon Valley Guaranteed Income Project", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "No report: eligibility is the screeners' reading of its registration.", "decided_by": "screeners", "comparisons": [], "waves": [], "result_reports": [], "registration": "NCT05698498", "registrations": [ { "id": "NCT05698498", "registered_before_payments": null } ], "integrity": { "ok": true } } ]