[ { "trial": "T04", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T04-1", "wave": "6-month (February 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.01, "se": 0.37, "lower": -0.73, "upper": 0.74, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "not significantly impacted (Discussion p.60: 'Stress levels and psychological distress were not significantly impacted by receipt of the GI over the 18-month observation')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 18.08, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 18.07, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Kessler Psychological Distress, 6-month row (p.70); arm means also in text p.32", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Cambridge-MA" }, { "comparison": "T04-1", "wave": "12-month (August 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.5, "se": 0.44, "lower": -1.36, "upper": 0.37, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "not significantly impacted (Discussion p.60: 'Stress levels and psychological distress were not significantly impacted by receipt of the GI over the 18-month observation')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 19.09, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 19.59, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Kessler Psychological Distress, 12-month row (p.70); arm means also in text p.32", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Cambridge-MA" }, { "comparison": "T04-1", "wave": "18-month (February 2023)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.1, "se": 0.42, "lower": -0.92, "upper": 0.72, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "not significantly impacted (Discussion p.60: 'Stress levels and psychological distress were not significantly impacted by receipt of the GI over the 18-month observation')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 19.54, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 19.64, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Kessler Psychological Distress, 18-month row (p.70); arm means also in text p.32", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Cambridge-MA" }, { "comparison": "T04-1", "wave": "6-month (February 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale, short-form 4-item", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.05, "se": 0.15, "lower": -0.24, "upper": 0.33, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "not significantly impacted (Discussion p.60: 'Stress levels and psychological distress were not significantly impacted by receipt of the GI over the 18-month observation')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 6.32, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 6.28, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Perceived Stress Levels, 6-month row (p.70); arm means also in text p.33", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Cambridge-MA" }, { "comparison": "T04-1", "wave": "12-month (August 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale, short-form 4-item", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.1, "se": 0.16, "lower": -0.41, "upper": 0.21, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "not significantly impacted (Discussion p.60: 'Stress levels and psychological distress were not significantly impacted by receipt of the GI over the 18-month observation')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 6.55, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 6.65, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Perceived Stress Levels, 12-month row (p.70); arm means also in text p.33", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Cambridge-MA" }, { "comparison": "T04-1", "wave": "18-month (February 2023)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale, short-form 4-item", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.09, "se": 0.14, "lower": -0.2, "upper": 0.37, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "not significantly impacted (Discussion p.60: 'Stress levels and psychological distress were not significantly impacted by receipt of the GI over the 18-month observation')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 7.06, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 6.97, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Perceived Stress Levels, 18-month row (p.70); arm means also in text p.33", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Cambridge-MA" }, { "comparison": "T04-1", "wave": "6-month (February 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "High stress (share in the high-stress category of the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 68 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 64 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 'Change in Stress Levels: Treatment vs. Control' (p.33), 6 month bars; text p.33 gives the changes from baseline (8 percentage point decrease in treatment vs 13 in control)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Cambridge-MA" }, { "comparison": "T04-1", "wave": "12-month (August 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "High stress (share in the high-stress category of the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 68 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 74 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 'Change in Stress Levels' (p.33), 12 month bars; text p.33: 'The treatment group also demonstrated significantly lower high stress levels (68%) compared to the control group (74%)'", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Cambridge-MA" }, { "comparison": "T04-1", "wave": "18-month (February 2023)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "High stress (share in the high-stress category of the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 82 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 78 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 'Change in Stress Levels' (p.33), 18 month bars (control 22% low / 78% high)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Cambridge-MA" }, { "comparison": "T04-1", "wave": "18-month (February 2023)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "High stress (share in the high-stress category of the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 82 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 76 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text p.33: 'slightly higher stress levels (82% vs. 76%) compared to the control group' (differs from the figure's 78% for control)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Cambridge-MA" }, { "comparison": "T04-1", "wave": "6-month (February 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Full-time employment", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "This pattern of higher full-time employment prevalence in the treatment group persisted over the duration of the study (text p.36); 'Throughout the duration of the study, the treatment group consistently reported higher full-time employment on average compared to the control group' (Executive Summary p.5)", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 7 'Trends in Employment' (p.37) has no numbers in the text; result printed only as the figure and the sentences quoted in p_text", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Cambridge-MA" }, { "comparison": "T04-1", "wave": "12-month (August 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Full-time employment", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 40 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 28 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text p.36 ('40% of treatment employed full-time in contrast to 28% in the control group, a difference that was statistically significant (x²=35.64, p<0.01)') and Executive Summary p.5", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Cambridge-MA" }, { "comparison": "T04-1", "wave": "18-month (February 2023)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Full-time employment", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "This pattern of higher full-time employment prevalence in the treatment group persisted over the duration of the study (text p.36); 'Throughout the duration of the study, the treatment group consistently reported higher full-time employment on average compared to the control group' (Executive Summary p.5)", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 7 'Trends in Employment' (p.37) has no numbers in the text; result printed only as the figure and the sentences quoted in p_text", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Cambridge-MA" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T04-1", "wave": "6-month (February 2022)", "randomized_treated": 130, "randomized_control": 156, "responded_treated": 78, "responded_control": 65, "where": "Appendix B, Attrition Across Waves (p.74), 6 months", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Cambridge-MA" }, { "comparison": "T04-1", "wave": "12-month (August 2022)", "randomized_treated": 130, "randomized_control": 156, "responded_treated": 96, "responded_control": 98, "where": "Appendix B, Attrition Across Waves (p.74), 12 months", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Cambridge-MA" }, { "comparison": "T04-1", "wave": "18-month (February 2023)", "randomized_treated": 130, "randomized_control": 156, "responded_treated": 101, "responded_control": 99, "where": "Appendix B, Attrition Across Waves (p.74), 18 months", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Cambridge-MA" } ], "notes": "Appendix A prints regression-adjusted means and mean differences after multiple imputation (MICE) of missing data, so the number analysed per wave is not printed (Table 3's percentages correspond to all 130 and 156 randomized); respondents per wave are in attrition (Appendix B). Relative impacts (%) in Appendix A not entered separately. High-stress shares come from a figure: at 18 months the figure (78% control) and the text (76% control) differ, so both are entered. Full-time employment at 12 months: chi-square 35.64, p<0.01 (text), entered as arm shares; at 6 and 18 months printed only in Figure 7 and sentences. Not entered (not codebook classes): part-time/seasonal employment (18% vs 15% at baseline, 35% vs 21% at 18 months), stay-at-home caregivers, annual household income (includes the GI), SF-36 general health and physical scales (mental subscales not collected), CHAOS, hope, mattering, life attitudes." }, { "trial": "T07", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "6 months (June/August 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress scale", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.51, "se": 1.3, "lower": -1.64, "upper": 3.45, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "no statistically significant differences (text p.50: 'no statistically significant differences in psychological distress, depression, or anxiety levels were observed between the two groups over the study duration, the treatment group consistently exhibited lower mean scores')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 21.73, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 23.24, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 10, Kessler Psychological Distress, 6 months row (p.71); text p.50", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" }, { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "12 months (December 2022/February 2023, end of payments)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress scale", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.91, "se": 1.25, "lower": -0.96, "upper": 3.96, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "no statistically significant differences (text p.50: 'no statistically significant differences in psychological distress, depression, or anxiety levels were observed between the two groups over the study duration, the treatment group consistently exhibited lower mean scores')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 22.73, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 23.64, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 10, Kessler Psychological Distress, 12 months row (p.71); text p.50", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" }, { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "18 months (June/August 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress scale", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.39, "se": 1.51, "lower": -0.15, "upper": 5.76, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "no statistically significant differences (text p.50: 'no statistically significant differences in psychological distress, depression, or anxiety levels were observed between the two groups over the study duration, the treatment group consistently exhibited lower mean scores')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 22.54, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 22.15, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 10, Kessler Psychological Distress, 18 months row (p.71); text p.50", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" }, { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "6 months (June/August 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Levels", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.85, "se": 0.26, "lower": -1.37, "upper": -0.34, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "p<0.01", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 7.3, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 8.15, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 10, Perceived Stress Levels, 6 months row (p.71); p-value from text p.51", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" }, { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "12 months (December 2022/February 2023, end of payments)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Levels", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.76, "se": 0.25, "lower": -1.25, "upper": -0.27, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "p<0.01", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 7.13, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 7.89, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 10, Perceived Stress Levels, 12 months row (p.71); p-value from text p.51", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" }, { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "18 months (June/August 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Levels", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.67, "se": 0.33, "lower": -1.31, "upper": -0.02, "level": 95, "p": 0.04, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 6.96, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 7.63, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 10, Perceived Stress Levels, 18 months row (p.71); p-value from text p.51", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" }, { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "6 months (June/August 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "High stress (share of participants experiencing high stress)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 73.04 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 82.35 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text p.51: 'lower percentages of high-stress individuals compared to the control group: 73.04% vs. 82.35% at 6 months and 65.22% vs. 85.29% at 12 months'", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" }, { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "12 months (December 2022/February 2023, end of payments)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "High stress (share of participants experiencing high stress)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 65.22 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 85.29 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text p.51: 'lower percentages of high-stress individuals compared to the control group: 73.04% vs. 82.35% at 6 months and 65.22% vs. 85.29% at 12 months'", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" }, { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "6 months (June/August 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Lower stress levels (share of participants reporting lower stress)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 26.29 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 17.65 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text p.51: 'The proportion of participants reporting lower stress levels was also higher in the treatment group relative to the control: 26.29% vs. 17.65% at 6 months, 34.78% vs. 14.71% at 12 months, and 29.57% vs. 21.32% at 18 months'", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" }, { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "12 months (December 2022/February 2023, end of payments)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Lower stress levels (share of participants reporting lower stress)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 34.78 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 14.71 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text p.51: 'The proportion of participants reporting lower stress levels was also higher in the treatment group relative to the control: 26.29% vs. 17.65% at 6 months, 34.78% vs. 14.71% at 12 months, and 29.57% vs. 21.32% at 18 months'", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" }, { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "18 months (June/August 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Lower stress levels (share of participants reporting lower stress)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 29.57 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 21.32 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text p.51: 'The proportion of participants reporting lower stress levels was also higher in the treatment group relative to the control: 26.29% vs. 17.65% at 6 months, 34.78% vs. 14.71% at 12 months, and 29.57% vs. 21.32% at 18 months'", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" }, { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "6 months (June/August 2022)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Anxiety (reported with the Kessler Psychological Distress scale; measure not described)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.96, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no statistically significant differences (text p.50: 'no statistically significant differences in psychological distress, depression, or anxiety levels were observed between the two groups over the study duration, the treatment group consistently exhibited lower mean scores')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Text p.50: 'Six months after the first disbursement, the treatment group exhibited a small but improved effect of the GI on mental health (mean difference=-1.51), anxiety (mean difference=-0.96), and depression (mean difference=-0.55)'", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" }, { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "6 months (June/August 2022)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Depression (reported with the Kessler Psychological Distress scale; measure not described)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.55, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no statistically significant differences (text p.50: 'no statistically significant differences in psychological distress, depression, or anxiety levels were observed between the two groups over the study duration, the treatment group consistently exhibited lower mean scores')", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Text p.50 (same sentence as the anxiety entry): depression mean difference=-0.55", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" }, { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "12 months (December 2022/February 2023, end of payments)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Anxiety (reported with the Kessler Psychological Distress scale; measure not described)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no statistically significant differences (text p.50: 'no statistically significant differences in psychological distress, depression, or anxiety levels were observed between the two groups over the study duration, the treatment group consistently exhibited lower mean scores')", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text p.50; printed only as the sentence quoted in p_text (no numbers at this wave)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" }, { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "12 months (December 2022/February 2023, end of payments)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Depression (reported with the Kessler Psychological Distress scale; measure not described)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no statistically significant differences (text p.50: 'no statistically significant differences in psychological distress, depression, or anxiety levels were observed between the two groups over the study duration, the treatment group consistently exhibited lower mean scores')", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text p.50; printed only as the sentence quoted in p_text (no numbers at this wave)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" }, { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "18 months (June/August 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Anxiety (reported with the Kessler Psychological Distress scale; measure not described)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no statistically significant differences (text p.50: 'no statistically significant differences in psychological distress, depression, or anxiety levels were observed between the two groups over the study duration, the treatment group consistently exhibited lower mean scores')", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text p.50; printed only as the sentence quoted in p_text (no numbers at this wave)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" }, { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "18 months (June/August 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Depression (reported with the Kessler Psychological Distress scale; measure not described)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no statistically significant differences (text p.50: 'no statistically significant differences in psychological distress, depression, or anxiety levels were observed between the two groups over the study duration, the treatment group consistently exhibited lower mean scores')", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text p.50; printed only as the sentence quoted in p_text (no numbers at this wave)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" }, { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "6 months (June/August 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 14 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 23 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 8, Trends in Employment, Employed FT row (p.45); text p.43: 'The generalized linear model estimates confirmed that these changes in full-time employment were not statistically significant over time between groups'", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" }, { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "12 months (December 2022/February 2023, end of payments)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 17 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 16 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 8, Trends in Employment, Employed FT row (p.45); text p.43: 'The generalized linear model estimates confirmed that these changes in full-time employment were not statistically significant over time between groups'", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" }, { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "18 months (June/August 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 17 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 15 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 8, Trends in Employment, Employed FT row (p.45); text p.43: 'The generalized linear model estimates confirmed that these changes in full-time employment were not statistically significant over time between groups'; text p.43: 'by 18 months, only 17% of the treatment group vs. 15% of the control group were employed'", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "6 months (June/August 2022)", "randomized_treated": 115, "randomized_control": 134, "responded_treated": 68, "responded_control": 39, "where": "Appendix C, Table 12 Sample Attrition (p.74), 6 months", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" }, { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "12 months (December 2022/February 2023, end of payments)", "randomized_treated": 115, "randomized_control": 134, "responded_treated": 54, "responded_control": 28, "where": "Appendix C, Table 12 Sample Attrition (p.74), 12 months", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" }, { "comparison": "T07-1", "wave": "18 months (June/August 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "randomized_treated": 115, "randomized_control": 134, "responded_treated": 56, "responded_control": 27, "where": "Appendix C, Table 12 Sample Attrition (p.74), 18 months", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL" } ], "notes": "Instruments inferred from score ranges: the report names the 'Kessler Psychological Distress scale' and 'Perceived Stress Levels' without item counts; Kessler means of 21.7 to 24.6 fit only the K10 (10-50) and stress means of 6.96 to 8.41 fit the PSS-4 (0-16), so coded K10 and PSS-4. The printed Kessler confidence intervals do not bracket the estimates (e.g., -1.51 with CI -1.64 to 3.45); copied as printed. Table 10 means are adjusted (footnote); missing data were multiply imputed (MICE), so the number analysed per wave is not printed; respondents per wave are in attrition. High-stress and lower-stress shares are both entered as printed (at 6 months the treatment shares, 73.04% and 26.29%, do not sum to 100). Depression and anxiety: mean differences printed only at 6 months; the text states no significant differences over the study duration, entered as sentence-only results at 12 and 18 months. Table 8 employment categories sum to 100 but no any-employment share is printed (it would need summing FT, PT/seasonal, self-employed and gig categories), so only full-time is entered. Not entered: recidivism, CHAOS, SF-36, hope, mattering, rejection sensitivity, household income." }, { "trial": "T10", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T10-1", "wave": "6 months (Wave 2, August 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale, four-item", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.16, "se": null, "lower": -0.24, "upper": -0.07, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "p<0.001", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 7.63, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 7.78, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Text p.26 (Mdiff, CI, p) with arm means from Table 9 (p.26)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-LA-CA-BIGLEAP" }, { "comparison": "T10-1", "wave": "12 months (Wave 3, February 2023)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale, four-item", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.03, "se": null, "lower": -0.12, "upper": 0.06, "level": 95, "p": 0.545, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 7.78, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 7.8, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Text p.26 (Mdiff, CI, p) with arm means from Table 9 (p.26)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-LA-CA-BIGLEAP" }, { "comparison": "T10-1", "wave": "6 months (Wave 2, August 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale, four-item", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.16, "se": 0.04, "lower": -0.24, "upper": -0.07, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "0.00 ([-0.16]***, *** p<0.001)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 7.63, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 7.79, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 36, Perceived Stress Levels, 6 months row (adjusted means; p.72)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-LA-CA-BIGLEAP" }, { "comparison": "T10-1", "wave": "12 months (Wave 3, February 2023)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale, four-item", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.03, "se": 0.05, "lower": -0.12, "upper": 0.06, "level": 95, "p": 0.54, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 7.77, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 7.8, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 36, Perceived Stress Levels, 12 months row (adjusted means; p.72)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-LA-CA-BIGLEAP" }, { "comparison": "T10-1", "wave": "18 months (Wave 4, August 2023, post-intervention)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale, four-item", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.16, "se": 0.05, "lower": 0.07, "upper": 0.25, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "p<0.001 (text); 0.00 with *** (Appendix A)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 7.91, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 7.75, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Text p.26, Table 9 means and Appendix A Table 36, 18 months row (p.72): same numbers in all three", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-LA-CA-BIGLEAP" }, { "comparison": "T10-1", "wave": "6 months (Wave 2, August 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.15, "se": null, "lower": -0.11, "upper": 0.41, "level": 95, "p": 0.246, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 21.77, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 21.73, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Text p.27 (Mdiff, CI, p; scale scored with cut-offs 20, 25, 30) with arm means from Table 10 (p.27)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-LA-CA-BIGLEAP" }, { "comparison": "T10-1", "wave": "12 months (Wave 3, February 2023)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.65, "se": null, "lower": 0.38, "upper": 0.93, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "p<0.001", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 22.24, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 21.69, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Text p.27 (Mdiff, CI, p; scale scored with cut-offs 20, 25, 30) with arm means from Table 10 (p.27)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-LA-CA-BIGLEAP" }, { "comparison": "T10-1", "wave": "18 months (Wave 4, August 2023, post-intervention)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.14, "se": null, "lower": 0.85, "upper": 1.43, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "p<0.001", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 22.84, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 21.8, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Text p.27 (Mdiff, CI, p; scale scored with cut-offs 20, 25, 30) with arm means from Table 10 (p.27)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-LA-CA-BIGLEAP" }, { "comparison": "T10-1", "wave": "6 months (Wave 2, August 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.15, "se": 0.13, "lower": -0.11, "upper": 0.41, "level": 95, "p": 0.25, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 21.84, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 21.68, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 36, Kessler Psychological Distress, 6 months row (adjusted means; p.72)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-LA-CA-BIGLEAP" }, { "comparison": "T10-1", "wave": "12 months (Wave 3, February 2023)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.65, "se": 0.14, "lower": 0.38, "upper": 0.93, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "0.00 ([0.65]***, *** p<0.001)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 22.3, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 21.65, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 36, Kessler Psychological Distress, 12 months row (adjusted means; p.72)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-LA-CA-BIGLEAP" }, { "comparison": "T10-1", "wave": "18 months (Wave 4, August 2023, post-intervention)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.14, "se": 0.15, "lower": 0.85, "upper": 1.43, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "0.00 ([1.14]***, *** p<0.001)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 22.9, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 21.76, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 36, Kessler Psychological Distress, 18 months row (adjusted means; p.72)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-LA-CA-BIGLEAP" }, { "comparison": "T10-1", "wave": "6 months (Wave 2, August 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full-time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 13 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 16 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 33, Trends in Employment, Employed full-time row (p.57)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-LA-CA-BIGLEAP" }, { "comparison": "T10-1", "wave": "12 months (Wave 3, February 2023)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full-time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 15 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 18 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 33, Trends in Employment, Employed full-time row (p.57)", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-LA-CA-BIGLEAP" }, { "comparison": "T10-1", "wave": "18 months (Wave 4, August 2023, post-intervention)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full-time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 18 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 18 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 33, Trends in Employment, Employed full-time row (p.57); text p.56: 'ending at 18% for both groups at 18 months'", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-LA-CA-BIGLEAP" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T10-1", "wave": "6 months (Wave 2, August 2022)", "randomized_treated": 3202, "randomized_control": 4992, "responded_treated": 1951, "responded_control": 1135, "where": "Appendix D, Table 45 Participant Attrition (p.83), 6-months", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-LA-CA-BIGLEAP" }, { "comparison": "T10-1", "wave": "12 months (Wave 3, February 2023)", "randomized_treated": 3202, "randomized_control": 4992, "responded_treated": 2244, "responded_control": 1452, "where": "Appendix D, Table 45 Participant Attrition (p.83), 12-months", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-LA-CA-BIGLEAP" }, { "comparison": "T10-1", "wave": "18 months (Wave 4, August 2023, post-intervention)", "randomized_treated": 3202, "randomized_control": 4992, "responded_treated": 2332, "responded_control": 1760, "where": "Appendix D, Table 45 Participant Attrition (p.83), 18-months", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-LA-CA-BIGLEAP" } ], "notes": "The text prints each mean difference (CI, p) with unadjusted arm means from Tables 9-10; Appendix A prints adjusted means, the same differences and CIs, SEs and rounded p-values. Where arm means or p-values differ between the two printings, both are entered (PSS at 6 and 12 months, K10 at all waves); at PSS 18 months the numbers agree, so one entry. Missing data multiply imputed (MICE); the number analysed per wave is not printed (respondents in attrition). Not entered: multinomial-logit coefficients for employment categories relative to 'unemployed not looking for work' (e.g., full-time B=.33 at 6, 12 months .35, 18 months .35, all p<.05) as they are not shares or differences in shares; annual household income (Appendix A); SF-36 physical scales, CHAOS, hope, mattering, IPV. The AJPH abstract (pmid:40633007) prints no numbers." }, { "trial": "T25", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T25-1", "wave": "18-month survey (April 2024)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Felt anxious 'more than half of days' or 'nearly every day'", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -17.17, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "* (table: significant difference at the p=0.05 probability level)", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": 119, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 9.24 }, "control": { "n": 53, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 26.42 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 12 (p.38), 18-month columns; difference column prints the absolute value ('Better by 17.17%*'); text p.37", "source": "aei:montgomery" }, { "comparison": "T25-1", "wave": "18-month survey (April 2024)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Not able to stop worrying 'more than half of days' or 'nearly every day'", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -8.23, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "* (table: significant difference at the p=0.05 probability level)", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": 118, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 14.41 }, "control": { "n": 53, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 22.64 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 12 (p.38), 18-month columns; difference column prints the absolute value ('Better by 8.23%*'); text p.37", "source": "aei:montgomery" }, { "comparison": "T25-1", "wave": "18-month survey (April 2024)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Struggling with mental health (mental health 'very poor' or 'poor')", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -12.56, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "* (table: significant difference at the p=0.05 probability level)", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": 124, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 6.67 }, "control": { "n": 56, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 19.23 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 12 (p.38), 18-month columns; difference column prints the absolute value ('Better by 12.56%*'); text p.37", "source": "aei:montgomery" }, { "comparison": "T25-1", "wave": "24-month survey (November 2024)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Felt anxious 'more than half of days' or 'nearly every day'", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.61, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "No difference", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": 92, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 25.0 }, "control": { "n": 42, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 24.39 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 12 (p.38), 24-month columns; Ns from the table note's unlabelled 24-month list, taken in order; text p.38; difference column prints 'No difference' and the note lists D=0.61", "source": "aei:montgomery" }, { "comparison": "T25-1", "wave": "24-month survey (November 2024)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Not able to stop worrying 'more than half of days' or 'nearly every day'", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -19.6, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "* (table: significant difference at the p=0.05 probability level)", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": 92, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 16.3 }, "control": { "n": 41, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 35.9 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 12 (p.38), 24-month columns; Ns from the table note's unlabelled 24-month list, taken in order; text p.38; difference printed as 'Better by 19.6%*' (text: 35.90 percent in the comparison group, a statistically significant difference of 19.60 percentage points)", "source": "aei:montgomery" }, { "comparison": "T25-1", "wave": "24-month survey (November 2024)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Struggling with mental health (mental health 'very poor' or 'poor')", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -10.09, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "* (table: significant difference at the p=0.05 probability level)", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": 100, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 18.48 }, "control": { "n": 42, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 28.57 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 12 (p.38), 24-month columns; Ns from the table note's unlabelled 24-month list, taken in order; text p.38; difference printed as 'Better by 10.09%*'", "source": "aei:montgomery" }, { "comparison": "T25-1", "wave": "18-month survey (April 2024)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed (employed full-time, part-time, self-employed, seasonal, or 'under the table')", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -9.55, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "* (table: significant difference at the p=0.05 probability level); the same note also says 'Changes in employment are not statistically significant at the p=0.05 level'", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": 115, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 79.13 }, "control": { "n": 38, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 88.68 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 20 (p.48), Employed row; difference printed as an absolute value '9.55%*'; text p.46: 'the comparison group showing a 9.55 percentage point advantage at 18 months' (text rounds the shares to 79.1 and 88.7 percent); table note gives N=115 and N=38", "source": "aei:montgomery" }, { "comparison": "T25-1", "wave": "24-month survey (November 2024)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed (employed full-time, part-time, self-employed, seasonal, or 'under the table')", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -18.89, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "* (table: significant difference at the p=0.05 probability level)", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": 90, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 71.11 }, "control": { "n": 30, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 90 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 21 (p.48), Employed row; difference printed as an absolute value '18.89%*'; N=90 and N=30", "source": "aei:montgomery" }, { "comparison": "T25-1", "wave": "24-month survey (November 2024)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed (employed full-time, part-time, self-employed, seasonal, or 'under the table')", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -5.31, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "statistically significant (text)", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 71.1 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 90 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text p.46: 'falling to 71.1 percent by the end of the pilot at 24 months ... 90 percent at 24 months (table 21). These differences were statistically significant, with the comparison group showing ... a 5.31 percentage point advantage at 24 months' (differs from Table 21's 18.89)", "source": "aei:montgomery" }, { "comparison": "T25-1", "wave": "18-month survey (April 2024)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Personal annual income from paid work (gross pay) of $35,000 or more", "binary": true, "per": "year", "currency": "USD", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 28, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 28.57 }, "control": { "n": 25, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 44.44 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 15 (p.43), '$35,000 or more' row, 18 months main cohort and comparison group; text p.42; Ns 28 and 25 (table note)", "source": "aei:montgomery" }, { "comparison": "T25-1", "wave": "24-month survey (November 2024)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Personal annual income from paid work (gross pay) of $35,000 or more", "binary": true, "per": "year", "currency": "USD", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 54, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 20.37 }, "control": { "n": 15, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 26.67 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 16 (p.44), '$35,000 or more' row, 24 months main cohort and main cohort comparison group; text p.43; Ns 54 and 15 (table note)", "source": "aei:montgomery" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T25-1", "wave": "18-month survey (April 2024)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 166, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Randomized: 200 selected and 166 eligible but not selected (p.12). Responses by arm not printed: the 18-month survey had 180 of 300 participants responding (60%) across the main and SEPH cohorts (p.2); item Ns vary (e.g., employment 115 vs 38, felt anxious 119 vs 53).", "source": "aei:montgomery" }, { "comparison": "T25-1", "wave": "24-month survey (November 2024)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 166, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Randomized: 200 selected and 166 eligible but not selected (p.12). Responses by arm not printed: the 24-month survey had 148 responses (50%) across the main and SEPH cohorts (p.2); item Ns vary (e.g., employment 90 vs 30, felt anxious 92 vs 42).", "source": "aei:montgomery" } ], "notes": "Comparison group: eligible applicants not selected; no baseline survey for it. Tables 12 and 20-21 print the absolute value of each difference ('Better by x%' or a bare percentage, with a note that the column reports absolute values); entered with the sign of main cohort minus comparison group (negative where the main cohort's share was lower), as the text confirms for employment ('comparison group showing a 9.55 percentage point advantage'). At 24 months Table 21 prints an employment difference of 18.89 while the text says 5.31; both entered. The 24-month mental health Ns follow the 18-month list without labels; assigned in order (felt anxious 92/42, worrying 92/41, children's mental health 91/39, struggling 100/42), although the percentages fit 41 for felt anxious and 39 for worrying in the control group. Appendix A describes nonresponse and matching weights without saying which tables are weighted; differences entered as unadjusted. Not entered: worry about children's mental health (about children), somatic health, the SEPH cohort (no surveyed comparison group), changes in income from paid work (Tables 23-24), total income. Earnings are printed only as distributions of personal annual income from paid work with few respondents; the $35,000-or-more share that the text discusses is entered as a binary earnings result." }, { "trial": "T27", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T27-1", "wave": "24-month survey (Year Two, summer-fall 2024)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Moderate/Severe Mental Disorder (Kessler 10: likely moderate or likely severe mental disorder)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.14, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "significance shown by shading in Table B (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001), not legible in the text version", "kind": "difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table B 'Primary Outcomes by Key Demographics and Transfer Method' (p.25), $850/MONTH column, Moderate/Severe Mental Disorder row; values are treatment-minus-control differences within the transfer-method group", "source": "aei:in-her-hands" }, { "comparison": "T27-1", "wave": "24-month survey (Year Two, summer-fall 2024)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly Work Hours", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -2.56, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "significance shown by shading in Table B (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001), not legible in the text version", "kind": "difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table B (p.25), $850/MONTH column, Weekly Work Hours row", "source": "aei:in-her-hands" }, { "comparison": "T27-2", "wave": "24-month survey (Year Two, summer-fall 2024)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Moderate/Severe Mental Disorder (Kessler 10: likely moderate or likely severe mental disorder)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.13, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "significance shown by shading in Table B (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001), not legible in the text version", "kind": "difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table B 'Primary Outcomes by Key Demographics and Transfer Method' (p.25), LUMP SUM+$700/MONTH column, Moderate/Severe Mental Disorder row; values are treatment-minus-control differences within the transfer-method group", "source": "aei:in-her-hands" }, { "comparison": "T27-2", "wave": "24-month survey (Year Two, summer-fall 2024)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly Work Hours", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.31, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "significance shown by shading in Table B (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001), not legible in the text version", "kind": "difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table B (p.25), LUMP SUM+$700/MONTH column, Weekly Work Hours row", "source": "aei:in-her-hands" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T27-1", "wave": "12-month survey (Year One)", "randomized_treated": null, "randomized_control": 1816, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Group sizes not printed (654 recipients across Groups A and B, report p.4); comparison group 'approximately 1,816' (report p.8). pmid:41448443 abstract: 12-month participation rates 40.8% (intervention, groups pooled) and 11.9% (control)", "source": "aei:in-her-hands" }, { "comparison": "T27-1", "wave": "24-month survey (Year Two, summer-fall 2024)", "randomized_treated": null, "randomized_control": 1816, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": 180, "where": "Report p.10: surveys collected from 272 (41.5%) program participants (Groups A and B pooled) and 180 (9.9%) comparison group members; group sizes for A and B not printed", "source": "aei:in-her-hands" }, { "comparison": "T27-2", "wave": "12-month survey (Year One)", "randomized_treated": null, "randomized_control": 1816, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Group sizes not printed (654 recipients across Groups A and B, report p.4); comparison group 'approximately 1,816' (report p.8). pmid:41448443 abstract: 12-month participation rates 40.8% (intervention, groups pooled) and 11.9% (control)", "source": "aei:in-her-hands" }, { "comparison": "T27-2", "wave": "24-month survey (Year Two, summer-fall 2024)", "randomized_treated": null, "randomized_control": 1816, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": 180, "where": "Report p.10: surveys collected from 272 (41.5%) program participants (Groups A and B pooled) and 180 (9.9%) comparison group members; group sizes for A and B not printed", "source": "aei:in-her-hands" } ], "notes": "The report analyses only any treatment (Groups A and B pooled) against the comparison group ('We, therefore, only report on the differences between receiving any treatment and the control group', p.10); only Table B prints results by transfer method ($850/month = Group A; lump sum + $700/month = Group B), at the Year Two survey, as treatment-minus-control differences (proportion for the K10 moderate/severe share, hours for weekly work hours). Pooled results match neither design comparison and are not entered: Year Two Table A7 K10 likely no disorder 51.6% vs 32.4% (text p<0.01; table p<0.001 for the distribution), mild 15.2 vs 20.8, moderate 14.8 vs 13.9, severe 18.4 vs 32.9 (272 vs 180); Table A5 employed full-time 44.7% vs 46.3%, part-time 22.9 vs 14.3, unemployed 18.6 vs 24.6 (p=0.117), weekly work hours 20.65 (SD 18.38) vs 21.76 (19.25), p=0.545 (Table A1 prints the same employment figures as demographics); panel of 263 answering both surveys (Figures 6-7): full-time Year 1 31.5% vs 47.7% (p<0.05), Year 2 40.7% vs 48.3% (n.s.), hours Year 1 17.39 vs 22.37 (p<0.05), Year 2 18.81 vs 21.19 (n.s.); pmid:41448443 abstract: 24-month K10 difference -3.99 (95% CI -5.45 to -2.52), GEE adjusted for site, age and wave, 468 GI recipients vs 374 controls (12-month result described without numbers). No Year One (12-month) result by group is printed. Comparison group printed as approximately 1,816 (design: 1,716). The Journal of Economics, Race, and Policy paper (openalex:W7213452893, result_report false) covers financial outcomes only." }, { "trial": "T32", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T32-1", "wave": "12-month follow-up survey (final month of payments)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-10", "measure": "Perceived stress score (from 0 to 40)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -2.83, "se": 0.61, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.01; table: ** 0.01, * 0.05, + 0.10)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 218, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 300, "mean": 20.82, "sd": 7.02, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": 6.603, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 8 (p.19), Perceived stress score row, column (2) ITT, unweighted, full controls; control mean (SD) in column (1); control n 300 (Observations, column 1), treated n 218 (text p.6)", "source": "aei:rochester" }, { "comparison": "T32-1", "wave": "12-month follow-up survey (final month of payments)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-10", "measure": "Perceived stress score (from 0 to 40)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -2.94, "se": 0.67, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.01; table: ** 0.01, * 0.05, + 0.10)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 218, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 300, "mean": 20.82, "sd": 7.02, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": 6.603, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 8 (p.19), Perceived stress score row, column (4) ITT, weighted for observable attrition, full controls; control mean (SD) in column (1); control n 300 (Observations, column 1), treated n 218 (text p.6)", "source": "aei:rochester" }, { "comparison": "T32-1", "wave": "12-month follow-up survey (final month of payments)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Life satisfaction ladder (from 0 to 10) (Cantril)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.67, "se": 0.21, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.01; table: ** 0.01, * 0.05, + 0.10)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 218, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 300, "mean": 5.1, "sd": 2.29, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 8 (p.19), Life satisfaction ladder row, column (2) ITT, unweighted, full controls; control mean (SD) in column (1); control n 300 (Observations, column 1), treated n 218 (text p.6)", "source": "aei:rochester" }, { "comparison": "T32-1", "wave": "12-month follow-up survey (final month of payments)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Life satisfaction ladder (from 0 to 10) (Cantril)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.61, "se": 0.23, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.01; table: ** 0.01, * 0.05, + 0.10)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 218, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 300, "mean": 5.1, "sd": 2.29, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 8 (p.19), Life satisfaction ladder row, column (4) ITT, weighted for observable attrition, full controls; control mean (SD) in column (1); control n 300 (Observations, column 1), treated n 218 (text p.6)", "source": "aei:rochester" }, { "comparison": "T32-1", "wave": "12-month follow-up survey (final month of payments)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Currently employed", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.1, "se": 0.039, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "* (p<0.05; table: ** 0.01, * 0.05, + 0.10)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 218, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 300, "mean": null, "sd": 0.499, "proportion": 0.463 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5 (p.15), Currently employed row, column (2) ITT, unweighted, full controls; control mean (SD) in column (1); control n 300 (Observations, column 1), treated n 218 (text p.6)", "source": "aei:rochester" }, { "comparison": "T32-1", "wave": "12-month follow-up survey (final month of payments)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Currently employed", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.112, "se": 0.041, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.01; table: ** 0.01, * 0.05, + 0.10)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 218, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 300, "mean": null, "sd": 0.499, "proportion": 0.463 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5 (p.15), Currently employed row, column (4) ITT, weighted for observable attrition, full controls; control mean (SD) in column (1); control n 300 (Observations, column 1), treated n 218 (text p.6)", "source": "aei:rochester" }, { "comparison": "T32-1", "wave": "12-month follow-up survey (final month of payments)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Currently employed full time (at least 35 hours a week)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.0, "se": 0.037, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 218, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 300, "mean": null, "sd": 0.459, "proportion": 0.3 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5 (p.15), Currently employed full time row, column (2) ITT, unweighted, full controls; control mean (SD) in column (1); control n 300 (Observations, column 1), treated n 218 (text p.6)", "source": "aei:rochester" }, { "comparison": "T32-1", "wave": "12-month follow-up survey (final month of payments)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Currently employed full time (at least 35 hours a week)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.005, "se": 0.038, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 218, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 300, "mean": null, "sd": 0.459, "proportion": 0.3 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5 (p.15), Currently employed full time row, column (4) ITT, weighted for observable attrition, full controls; control mean (SD) in column (1); control n 300 (Observations, column 1), treated n 218 (text p.6)", "source": "aei:rochester" }, { "comparison": "T32-1", "wave": "12-month follow-up survey (final month of payments)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Earned income (annual income source, past year)", "binary": false, "per": "year", "currency": "USD", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1173, "se": 1327, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": 218, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 300, "mean": 13984, "sd": 16480, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5 (p.15), Income sources: Earned row, column (2) ITT, unweighted, full controls; control mean (SD) in column (1); control n 300 (Observations, column 1), treated n 218 (text p.6)", "source": "aei:rochester" }, { "comparison": "T32-1", "wave": "12-month follow-up survey (final month of payments)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Earned income (annual income source, past year)", "binary": false, "per": "year", "currency": "USD", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -712, "se": 1241, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": 218, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 300, "mean": 13984, "sd": 16480, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5 (p.15), Income sources: Earned row, column (4) ITT, weighted for observable attrition, full controls; control mean (SD) in column (1); control n 300 (Observations, column 1), treated n 218 (text p.6)", "source": "aei:rochester" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T32-1", "wave": "12-month follow-up survey (final month of payments)", "randomized_treated": 410, "randomized_control": 11180, "responded_treated": 218, "responded_control": 300, "where": "Treatment group 410 and control group 11,180 (p.3); survey invitations went to all 410 treated and a random 1,000 controls; 218 (53.1%; 53.2% in Appendix A.1.1) and 300 (30.0%) completed (p.6)", "source": "aei:rochester" } ], "notes": "Intent-to-treat estimates entered from both specifications printed: unweighted (column 2) and weighted for observable attrition (column 4), each with household-application and survey-wave fixed effects and full baseline controls. Treatment-on-the-treated estimates (columns 3 and 5, assignment instrumenting receipt) not entered; the text quotes the weighted TOT figures (employment +11.8 pp, perceived stress -3.1 points, earned income -$755). Perceived stress is re-signed only within the standardized index ('(R)'); the printed row effects keep the scale's direction. baseline_sd for stress is the full applicant sample's SD at application (Table 2, 6.603). Only 1,000 of the 11,180 controls were invited to the survey. Not entered: total household income and GBI program income, self-reported physical health, education/training, the standardized well-being index (includes physical health and training)." }, { "trial": "T37", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T37-1", "wave": "final survey (18 months)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed ('Were you employed last week?')", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 87 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 75 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text p.17: 'By the final survey, the percentage of participants who were employed had increased significantly to 87% (statistically significant 95% confidence), while the percentage of comparison households did not change (74% BL, 75% final)' (significance is for the participants' change from baseline); also p.29 table 'Were you employed last week? (87% overall)'", "source": "pilot:argu_1" }, { "comparison": "T37-1", "wave": "final survey (18 months)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Zero days in the past month that stress, anxiety, or sadness prevented usual activities", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 72 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 59 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text p.23: 'the percentage of participants reporting zero days improved from 54% at baseline to 72% at final (99% confidence), while the percentage for the comparison group remained unchanged (58% BL, 59% final)' (significance is for the participants' change from baseline)", "source": "pilot:argu_1" }, { "comparison": "T37-1", "wave": "final survey (18 months)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Median monthly income from work", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "USD", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Median monthly income from work for all participants increased 36% ($1,200 BL, $1,640 final), while work income for the comparison group increased 9% ($1,280 BL, $1,400 final)", "kind": "difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text p.18; printed only as medians (no means), so the numbers are quoted in p_text and the numeric fields are null", "source": "pilot:argu_1" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T37-1", "wave": "6-month survey", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 100, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Randomized 200 participants and 100 comparison (p.10); response counts not printed (one participant declined surveys, p.11)", "source": "pilot:argu_1" }, { "comparison": "T37-1", "wave": "12-month survey", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 100, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Randomized 200 participants and 100 comparison (p.10); response counts not printed (one participant declined surveys, p.11)", "source": "pilot:argu_1" }, { "comparison": "T37-1", "wave": "final survey (18 months)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 100, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Randomized 200 participants and 100 comparison (p.10); response counts not printed (one participant declined surveys, p.11)", "source": "pilot:argu_1" } ], "notes": "The evaluation reports final-survey shares and medians per group with within-group tests (baseline to final), not between-group effects; no response counts. Earnings printed only as median monthly income from work (also for employed respondents only: $1,900 vs $1,800, a subgroup not entered); hourly wage ($16.50 vs $15.75) and median total monthly income excluding the GI ($2,400 vs $1,800) not entered (not earnings / not labour income). Mental health: share with zero days limited by stress, anxiety or sadness, coded general_mental_health. Subgroup employment (Housing Grant 92%, undocumented 79%, returning 64%) not entered since the whole-group share is printed. No results printed for the 6- and 12-month surveys." }, { "trial": "T39", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T39-1", "wave": "two-year mark", "class": "distress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Risk of psychological distress (instrument not named)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "The risk of psychological distress fell by 23% for families receiving direct cash during the two-year program, while it increased by 8% among families not receiving payments (p.3); families in the program were 'much less likely to experience psychological distress' (p.8)", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Report p.3 ('Direct Cash by the Numbers') and p.8; printed only as within-group changes and sentences, no arm levels or test", "source": "pilot:chvg_1" }, { "comparison": "T39-1", "wave": "two-year mark", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Satisfied with their lives (item not named)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Families in the program were more likely to report that they were satisfied with their lives than others", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Report p.8; printed only as a sentence", "source": "pilot:chvg_1" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T39-1", "wave": "two-year mark", "randomized_treated": 50, "randomized_control": 50, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Lottery selected 50 families for $583 a month and an equal-size control group (p.9); response counts not printed", "source": "pilot:chvg_1" } ], "notes": "The two-year report prints only within-group changes and sentences, no arm-level numbers or tests; the psychological distress and life satisfaction measures are not named. The control group received a stipend for sharing information. No employment or earnings results printed." }, { "trial": "T52", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "First year of the experiment (2017), employment registers", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Earnings (EUR per year), register data", "binary": false, "per": "year", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 9.1, "se": 145.6, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.95, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 4251, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Verho, Hämäläinen & Kanninen, Table 3, Earnings row, 2017 columns (p.19); OLS with controls for benefit type, demographics, region, education, disability and 2016 employment, earnings and benefits", "source": "openalex:W3167377507" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "Second year of the experiment (2018), employment registers", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Earnings (EUR per year), register data", "binary": false, "per": "year", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 295.3, "se": 210.3, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.16, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 6715, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Verho, Hämäläinen & Kanninen, Table 3, Earnings row, 2018 columns (p.19); OLS with controls for benefit type, demographics, region, education, disability and 2016 employment, earnings and benefits", "source": "openalex:W3167377507" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "First year of the experiment (2017), employment registers", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "No earnings in the year (share with no labour income)", "binary": true, "per": "year", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.0139, "se": 0.0094, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.1364, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.5715 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Verho et al., Appendix Table A.2 'Effect on annual earnings distribution', No earnings row, 2017 (appendix p.4); linear probability model with the Table 3 controls", "source": "openalex:W3167377507" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "Second year of the experiment (2018), employment registers", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "No earnings in the year (share with no labour income)", "binary": true, "per": "year", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.0245, "se": 0.0102, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.0158, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.5 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Verho et al., Appendix Table A.2 'Effect on annual earnings distribution', No earnings row, 2018 (appendix p.4); linear probability model with the Table 3 controls", "source": "openalex:W3167377507" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "First year of the experiment (2017), employment registers", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Labor earnings (yearly), register data", "binary": false, "per": "year", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -55.725, "se": 148.464, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 4325.774, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Aaltonen, Kaila & Nix, Appendix Table A7, Panel A: Year 2017, column (2) Labor Income (p.42); controls from Table 1; 173,918 observations across both arms", "source": "openalex:W4417138655" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "Second year of the experiment (2018), employment registers", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Labor earnings (yearly), register data", "binary": false, "per": "year", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 217.228, "se": 216.317, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 6788.194, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Aaltonen, Kaila & Nix, Appendix Table A7, Panel B: Year 2018, column (2) Labor Income (p.42); controls from Table 1; 172,850 observations across both arms", "source": "openalex:W4417138655" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "First year of the experiment (2017), employment registers", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed at year-end (indicator), register data", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.025, "se": 0.01, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.259 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Aaltonen et al., Appendix Table A7, Panel A: Year 2017, column (3) Employed (p.42); 173,918 observations across both arms", "source": "openalex:W4417138655" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "Second year of the experiment (2018), employment registers", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed at year-end (indicator), register data", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.023, "se": 0.01, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.334 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Aaltonen et al., Appendix Table A7, Panel B: Year 2018, column (3) Employed (p.42); 172,850 observations across both arms", "source": "openalex:W4417138655" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "First year of the experiment (2017), employment registers", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Share of persons with days in employment (monthly), register data", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "During the first year of the experiment, the employment share in the control group rose from 8% to 18%. Employment in the treatment group followed this trend very closely, and none of the monthly estimates measuring the difference between the groups differs significantly from zero", "kind": "difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Verho et al., Figure 2 (p.16) and text p.15; monthly shares and differences shown only in the figure", "source": "openalex:W3167377507" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "Second year of the experiment (2018), employment registers", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Share of persons with days in employment (monthly), register data", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "During the second year of the experiment, the employment shares continue to grow in both groups. However, the growth is slightly slower in the control group, and the monthly employment share is fairly consistently around two pp higher in the treatment group", "kind": "difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Verho et al., Figure 2 (p.16) and text p.15; monthly shares and differences shown only in the figure", "source": "openalex:W3167377507" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "End-of-experiment telephone survey (15 October to 14 December 2018)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "MHI-5", "measure": "Poor mental health: MHI-5 rescaled to 100, score of 52 or less (mental strain)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.61, "se": null, "lower": 0.45, "upper": 0.83, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "odds_ratio", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": 569, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 1028, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Abstract (Results): 'adjusted OR 0.61 [95%CI: 0.45; 0.83]'; models adjusted for survey weights and background variables; respondents treated n = 569, control n = 1028", "source": "pmc:PMC12555240" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "End-of-experiment telephone survey (15 October to 14 December 2018)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "MHI-5", "measure": "Poor mental health: MHI-5 rescaled to 100, score of 52 or less (mental strain)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.08, "se": null, "lower": -0.13, "upper": -0.03, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 569, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 1028, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Abstract (Results): 'risk difference -0.08 %-points [95%CI:-0.13; -0.03]' (printed with the label '%-points'; the value is on the proportion scale)", "source": "pmc:PMC12555240" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "End-of-experiment telephone survey (15 October to 14 December 2018)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "MHI-5", "measure": "Poor mental health: MHI-5 rescaled to 100, score of 52 or less (mental strain)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.08, "se": null, "lower": -0.12, "upper": -0.03, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 546, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 16.3 }, "control": { "n": 981, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 23.5 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Hiilamo & Oberndorfer working paper: abstract ('adjusted risk difference for poor mental health -0.08 [95%CI: -0.12; -0.03]') and Results p.10 ('the risk difference was 8 percentage points (95%CI: -012; -0.03)'); arm prevalences from Table 1 (p.23, unweighted: 89 (16.3%) of 546 vs 231 (23.5%) of 981; text rounds to 16% and 24%)", "source": "openalex:W4416858567" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "End-of-experiment telephone survey (15 October to 14 December 2018)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "MHI-5", "measure": "Poor mental health: MHI-5 rescaled to 100, score of 52 or less (mental strain)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.62, "se": null, "lower": 0.47, "upper": 0.82, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "odds_ratio", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": 546, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 16.3 }, "control": { "n": 981, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 23.5 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Hiilamo & Oberndorfer working paper, Results p.10: 'The adjusted OR comparing the treatment and the control group was 0.62 (95%CI: 0.47; 0.82)'; arm prevalences from Table 1", "source": "openalex:W4416858567" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "End-of-experiment telephone survey (15 October to 14 December 2018)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "MHI-5", "measure": "Poor mental health: MHI-5 rescaled to 100, score of 52 or less (mental strain)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -7.19, "se": null, "lower": -11.63, "upper": -2.74, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Hiilamo & Oberndorfer working paper, Results p.11: average effect from the Bayesian multilevel linear probability model with survey weights as covariates, '-7.19 percentage points [95% credible interval: -11.63; -2.74]' (Discussion: 'about 7 percentage point')", "source": "openalex:W4416858567" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "End-of-experiment telephone survey (15 October to 14 December 2018)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed at the end of the experiment (employee or self-employed), survey", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.277, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.159, "p_text": null, "kind": "odds_ratio", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": 586, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 1047, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Kangas et al., Table 1, Model 1: Employment, Treatment row (B 0.245, Sig. 0.159, Exp(B) 1.277); binary logistic regression with gender, treatment×gender, age, education and ability to work; text: 'employment was somewhat higher in the treatment group than in the control group' and 'the probability is about 1.3 times higher ... statistically not significant'; respondents 586 vs 1047", "source": "pmid:36767105" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "End-of-experiment telephone survey (15 October to 14 December 2018)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Life satisfaction (measure not named in the abstract)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "the treatment group, compared to the control group, reported higher life satisfaction, better health, less mental distress and depression", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Simanainen & Tuulio-Henriksson abstract (identical abstract in openalex:W3193176234); printed only as a sentence; Hämäläinen & Verho (openalex:W4285086002, p.28-29) restate that treatment-group respondents 'answered more positively on questions concerning life satisfaction'", "source": "openalex:W4245106623" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "End-of-experiment telephone survey (15 October to 14 December 2018)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mental distress (measure not named in the abstract)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "the treatment group, compared to the control group, reported higher life satisfaction, better health, less mental distress and depression", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Simanainen & Tuulio-Henriksson abstract (identical abstract in openalex:W3193176234); printed only as a sentence", "source": "openalex:W4245106623" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "End-of-experiment telephone survey (15 October to 14 December 2018)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Depression (measure not named in the abstract)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "the treatment group, compared to the control group, reported higher life satisfaction, better health, less mental distress and depression", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Simanainen & Tuulio-Henriksson abstract (identical abstract in openalex:W3193176234); printed only as a sentence", "source": "openalex:W4245106623" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "First year of the experiment (2017), employment registers", "randomized_treated": 2000, "randomized_control": 173222, "responded_treated": 2000, "responded_control": null, "where": "Randomized 2,000 treated and 173,222 controls (Hiilamo & Oberndorfer, p.6). Register data: Verho et al. Table 4 analyses all 2,000 treated ('N treated'); Aaltonen et al. Table A7 reports 173,918 observations across both arms (2017; 99% of participants matched to registers)", "source": "openalex:W3167377507" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "End-of-experiment telephone survey (15 October to 14 December 2018)", "randomized_treated": 2000, "randomized_control": 173222, "responded_treated": 586, "responded_control": 1047, "where": "Survey sample: all 2,000 treated and 5,600 sampled controls; 7,049 contacted; 1,633 interviews, response 23.2% (31.3% treated vs 20.2% control per Hiilamo & Oberndorfer p.6; 31.1% vs 20.2% per Hämäläinen & Verho p.28); respondents 586 vs 1047 (pmid:36767105 abstract); MHI-5 abstract gives 569 vs 1028 and the working paper analyses 546 vs 981", "source": "pmid:36767105" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "Second year of the experiment (2018), employment registers", "randomized_treated": 2000, "randomized_control": 173222, "responded_treated": 2000, "responded_control": null, "where": "Randomized 2,000 treated and 173,222 controls (Hiilamo & Oberndorfer, p.6). Register data: Verho et al. Table 4 analyses all 2,000 treated ('N treated'); Aaltonen et al. Table A7 reports 172,850 observations across both arms (2018; 99% of participants matched to registers)", "source": "openalex:W3167377507" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "Experiment period (2017 to 2018), health registers", "randomized_treated": 2000, "randomized_control": 173222, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Randomized counts (Hiilamo & Oberndorfer, p.6); health-register results not entered (see notes)", "source": "openalex:W4416858567" }, { "comparison": "T52-1", "wave": "After the experiment, health registers", "randomized_treated": 2000, "randomized_control": 173222, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Randomized counts (Hiilamo & Oberndorfer, p.6); health-register results not entered (see notes)", "source": "openalex:W4416858567" } ], "notes": "Register employment: the pre-registered primary outcome, days in employment, fits no codebook class and is not entered: 2017 control mean 49.06, estimate 1.54 (SE 1.98, p 0.44; 95% CI -2.3 to 5.4); 2018 77.34, 6.63 (SE 2.71, p 0.01; CI 1.3 to 11.9) (Verho et al. Table 3; also Hämäläinen & Verho Table 4; the 2018 estimate coincides with an unemployment-benefit reform affecting controls). The share employed at year-end and labour earnings come from Aaltonen et al. Table A7; earnings also from Verho et al. Table 3 (different numbers, both entered); the share with no labour earnings (Verho Table A.2) entered as a binary earnings result, other earnings brackets not entered. End-of-experiment survey (response 23%): MHI-5 'poor mental health' is printed in several places with different numbers (abstract of the published version: OR 0.61, RD -0.08 [-0.13; -0.03]; working paper: RD -0.08 [-0.12; -0.03], OR 0.62, multilevel -7.19 pp), all entered. The 'mental distress', 'depression' and 'life satisfaction' results are sentence-only (abstracts of Simanainen & Tuulio-Henriksson); the mental distress result may be the same MHI-5 measure. The survey employment odds ratio comes from a model with a treatment×gender interaction, so the treatment coefficient is for the reference gender (coding not stated), though the paper presents it as the overall effect; gender-specific employment shares (treatment 35% women, 34% men; control 27%, 29%) not entered. Health registers: psychotropic medication and outpatient or primary-care mental health visits (openalex:W4414272693 abstract: psychotropic drug use reduced by 8%-11%; working paper intro: 5% to 12% fewer quarterly defined daily doses, no difference in the probability of use; openalex:W7131668656: effects 'largely faded afterward') are not codebook mental health scales, so the two health-register waves have no entries. Not entered: taxable income including basic income, benefits, ALMP use, unemployment months, financial well-being and financial stress (openalex:W3192851985), confidence measures (pmid:36767105), the basic income and employment chapter (openalex:W3191595179, no numbers and no stated timing)." }, { "trial": "T54", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Depressed or downhearted in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.098, "se": 0.0248, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 1991, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 58.66 }, "control": { "n": 973, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 74.72 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 10 (p.25, net effect -9.8 percentage points***) and Appendix II 'Depression in the previous 4 weeks' Interaction (p.47); two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, no covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups April 2023 (p.13)", "source": "pilot:bifa_3" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Anxious in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.0968, "se": 0.0216, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 1991, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 73.38 }, "control": { "n": 973, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 82.84 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 11 (p.25, net effect -9.6 percentage points***) and Appendix II 'Anxiety in the previous 4 weeks' Interaction (p.47); two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, no covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups April 2023 (p.13)", "source": "pilot:bifa_3" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Felt depressed or anxious 'all of the time' (5 on a 1-5 scale) in the previous six months", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.0363, "se": 0.0139, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 1991, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 2.41 }, "control": { "n": 973, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 8.43 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 12 (p.26, net effect -3.6 percentage points***) and Appendix II 'All of the time (5 on scale) depression or anxiety in the previous 6 months' Interaction (p.48); two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, no covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups April 2023 (p.13)", "source": "pilot:bifa_3" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Life satisfaction (1-10 scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.722, "se": 0.0973, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 1991, "mean": 6.9, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 973, "mean": 6.1, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 8 (p.22, net effect +0.7***) and Appendix II 'Life satisfaction 1-10 scale' Interaction (p.47); two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, no covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups April 2023 (p.13)", "source": "pilot:bifa_3" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours working for pay outside the arts sector", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -3.315, "se": 0.866, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1991, "mean": 5.6, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 973, "mean": 10.1, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 7 (p.21, net effect -3.3 hrs***) and Appendix II 'Work in other sectors' Interaction (p.46); two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, no covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups April 2023 (p.13)", "source": "pilot:bifa_3" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours making work (own arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.415, "se": 0.932, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1991, "mean": 23.0, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 973, "mean": 22, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5 (p.19) and Appendix II Time use, Making work Interaction (p.45-46); two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, no covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups April 2023 (p.13)", "source": "pilot:bifa_3" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours presenting/performing work", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.98, "se": 0.529, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "* (p<0.1; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1991, "mean": 3.6, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 973, "mean": 3.1, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Tables 3-4 (p.18, net effect +1 hour*) and Appendix II Time use, Presenting work Interaction (p.45-46); two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, no covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups April 2023 (p.13)", "source": "pilot:bifa_3" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on research and experimentation (arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.638, "se": 0.602, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1991, "mean": 10.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 973, "mean": 9.6, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Tables 3-4 (p.18, net effect +1.5 hour***) and Appendix II Time use, Research and experimentation Interaction (p.45-46); two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, no covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups April 2023 (p.13)", "source": "pilot:bifa_3" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on management and administration (arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.977, "se": 0.48, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.05; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1991, "mean": 6.9, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 973, "mean": 6.5, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Tables 3-4 (p.18, net effect +1 hour**) and Appendix II Time use, Management and admin Interaction (p.45-46); two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, no covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups April 2023 (p.13)", "source": "pilot:bifa_3" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on training related to arts work", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.485, "se": 0.369, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1991, "mean": 2.6, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 973, "mean": 2.6, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5 (p.19) and Appendix II Time use, Training Interaction (p.45-46); two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, no covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups April 2023 (p.13)", "source": "pilot:bifa_3" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours travelling for work, including touring", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.129, "se": 0.392, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1991, "mean": 4.3, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 973, "mean": 4.1, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5 (p.19) and Appendix II Time use, Work travel Interaction (p.45-46); two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, no covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups April 2023 (p.13)", "source": "pilot:bifa_3" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Low life satisfaction (5 or below on the 1-10 scale)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 1991, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 16.57 }, "control": { "n": 973, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 32.37 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 9 Life Satisfaction Levels Comparison (p.23, 6 Month Treatment and Control columns); Figure 2 shows the same shares rounded", "source": "pilot:bifa_3" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "High life satisfaction (9 or 10 on the 1-10 scale)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 1991, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 10.7 }, "control": { "n": 973, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 6.58 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 9 Life Satisfaction Levels Comparison (p.23, 6 Month Treatment and Control columns); Figure 2 shows the same shares rounded", "source": "pilot:bifa_3" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours making work (own arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 23.1, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 22, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 7 (p.29), April 2023 columns (arm means only; bifa_1 Table 12 prints the same 23.1 and 22, while bifa_3 printed 23.0 for recipients)", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Life satisfaction (1-10 scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.704, "se": 0.1, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": 6.8, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": 6.1, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 21 (p.51, net effect +0.7***), text p.50 (+0.6*** with covariates), Appendix II Table 46 columns (1) (p.85) [without covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, without covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups October 2023 (p.17)", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Life satisfaction (1-10 scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.639, "se": 0.101, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": 6.8, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": 6.1, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 21 (p.51, net effect +0.7***), text p.50 (+0.6*** with covariates), Appendix II Table 46 columns (2) (p.85) [with covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, with covariates (gender, education, years working in the arts, disability, weekly care-work hours), robust SEs; n = final groups October 2023 (p.17)", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Depressed or downhearted in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.0613, "se": 0.0248, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.05; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 61.71 }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 74.09 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 22 (p.53-54, net effect -6.1 percentage points**), text p.53 (-5.6** with covariates), Appendix II Table 46 columns (3) (p.85) [without covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, without covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups October 2023 (p.17)", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Depressed or downhearted in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.0559, "se": 0.0253, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.05; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 61.71 }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 74.09 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 22 (p.53-54, net effect -6.1 percentage points**), text p.53 (-5.6** with covariates), Appendix II Table 46 columns (4) (p.85) [with covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, with covariates (gender, education, years working in the arts, disability, weekly care-work hours), robust SEs; n = final groups October 2023 (p.17)", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Anxious in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.0816, "se": 0.0215, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 74.86 }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 82.8 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 23 (p.56, net effect -8.2 percentage points***), text p.56 (-7.6*** with covariates), Appendix II Table 46 columns (5) (p.85) [without covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, without covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups October 2023 (p.17)", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Anxious in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.076, "se": 0.0219, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 74.86 }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 82.8 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 23 (p.56, net effect -8.2 percentage points***), text p.56 (-7.6*** with covariates), Appendix II Table 46 columns (6) (p.85) [with covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, with covariates (gender, education, years working in the arts, disability, weekly care-work hours), robust SEs; n = final groups October 2023 (p.17)", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours working for pay outside the arts sector", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -2.735, "se": 0.927, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": 6.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": 10.3, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 18 (p.45, net effect -2.7 hours***), text p.45 (-2.3 hours** with covariates), Appendix II Table 43 columns (1) (p.83-84) [without covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, without covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups October 2023 (p.17)", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours working for pay outside the arts sector", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -2.266, "se": 0.933, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.05; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": 6.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": 10.3, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 18 (p.45, net effect -2.7 hours***), text p.45 (-2.3 hours** with covariates), Appendix II Table 43 columns (2) (p.83-84) [with covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, with covariates (gender, education, years working in the arts, disability, weekly care-work hours), robust SEs; n = final groups October 2023 (p.17)", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours making work (own arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 3.751, "se": 0.895, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": 23.9, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": 20.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Tables 7-8 (p.29-30, net effect +3.8 hours***), Appendix II Tables 34 column (1) (p.78) [without covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, without covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups October 2023 (p.17)", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours making work (own arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 2.923, "se": 0.911, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": 23.9, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": 20.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Tables 7-8 (p.29-30, net effect +3.8 hours***), Appendix II Tables 35 column (1) (p.78) [with covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, with covariates (gender, education, years working in the arts, disability, weekly care-work hours), robust SEs; n = final groups October 2023 (p.17)", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours presenting/performing work", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.711, "se": 0.507, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": 3.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": 3.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 7 (p.29), Appendix II Tables 34 column (2) (p.78) [without covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, without covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups October 2023 (p.17)", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours presenting/performing work", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.478, "se": 0.511, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": 3.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": 3.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 7 (p.29), Appendix II Tables 35 column (2) (p.78) [with covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, with covariates (gender, education, years working in the arts, disability, weekly care-work hours), robust SEs; n = final groups October 2023 (p.17)", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on research and experimentation (arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 2.245, "se": 0.543, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": 10.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": 8.8, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Tables 7-8 (net effect +2.2 hours***), Appendix II Tables 34 column (3) (p.78) [without covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, without covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups October 2023 (p.17)", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on research and experimentation (arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.796, "se": 0.559, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": 10.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": 8.8, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Tables 7-8 (net effect +2.2 hours***), Appendix II Tables 35 column (3) (p.78) [with covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, with covariates (gender, education, years working in the arts, disability, weekly care-work hours), robust SEs; n = final groups October 2023 (p.17)", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on management and administration (arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.13, "se": 0.471, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.05; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": 7.0, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": 6.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Tables 7-8 (net effect +1.1 hours**), Appendix II Tables 34 column (4) (p.78) [without covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, without covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups October 2023 (p.17)", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on management and administration (arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.802, "se": 0.488, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": 7.0, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": 6.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Tables 7-8 (net effect +1.1 hours**), Appendix II Tables 35 column (4) (p.78) [with covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, with covariates (gender, education, years working in the arts, disability, weekly care-work hours), robust SEs; n = final groups October 2023 (p.17)", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on training related to arts work", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.726, "se": 0.368, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.05; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": 2.6, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": 2.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Tables 7-8 (net effect +0.7 hours**), Appendix II Tables 34 column (5) (p.78) [without covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, without covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups October 2023 (p.17)", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on training related to arts work", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.703, "se": 0.38, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "* (p<0.1; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": 2.6, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": 2.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Tables 7-8 (net effect +0.7 hours**), Appendix II Tables 35 column (5) (p.78) [with covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, with covariates (gender, education, years working in the arts, disability, weekly care-work hours), robust SEs; n = final groups October 2023 (p.17)", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours travelling for work, including touring", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.573, "se": 0.368, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": 4.8, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": 4.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 7 (p.29), Appendix II Tables 34 column (6) (p.78) [without covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, without covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups October 2023 (p.17)", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours travelling for work, including touring", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.324, "se": 0.376, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": 4.8, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": 4.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 7 (p.29), Appendix II Tables 35 column (6) (p.78) [with covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, with covariates (gender, education, years working in the arts, disability, weekly care-work hours), robust SEs; n = final groups October 2023 (p.17)", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Life satisfaction (1-10 scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.131, "se": 0.102, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": 7.1, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": 5.9, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 24 (p.68, net effect +1.1***), text p.68, Appendix III Table 46 columns (1) (p.105) [without covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, without covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups October 2024 (p.19)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Life satisfaction (1-10 scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.124, "se": 0.101, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": 7.1, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": 5.9, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 24 (p.68, net effect +1.1***), text p.68, Appendix III Table 46 columns (2) (p.105) [with covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, with covariates (gender, education, years working in the arts, disability, weekly care-work hours), robust SEs; n = final groups October 2024 (p.19)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Depressed or downhearted in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.15, "se": 0.025, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 54.09 }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 75.35 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 25 (p.72, net effect -15 percentage points***), text p.71, Appendix III Table 46 columns (3) (p.105) [without covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, without covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups October 2024 (p.19)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Depressed or downhearted in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.152, "se": 0.025, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 54.09 }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 75.35 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 25 (p.72, net effect -15 percentage points***), text p.71, Appendix III Table 46 columns (4) (p.105) [with covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, with covariates (gender, education, years working in the arts, disability, weekly care-work hours), robust SEs; n = final groups October 2024 (p.19)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Anxious in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.159, "se": 0.0217, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 68.63 }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 84.35 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 26 (p.74, net effect -16 percentage points***), text p.74, Appendix III Table 46 columns (5) (p.105) [without covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, without covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups October 2024 (p.19)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Anxious in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.158, "se": 0.0217, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 68.63 }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 84.35 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 26 (p.74, net effect -16 percentage points***), text p.74, Appendix III Table 46 columns (6) (p.105) [with covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, with covariates (gender, education, years working in the arts, disability, weekly care-work hours), robust SEs; n = final groups October 2024 (p.19)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours working for pay outside the arts sector", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -3.538, "se": 0.797, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": 6.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": 10.9, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 22 (p.63, net effect -3.5 hours***), text p.62 (-3.6 hours*** with covariates), Appendix III Table 43 columns (1) (p.103) [without covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, without covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups October 2024 (p.19)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours working for pay outside the arts sector", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -3.644, "se": 0.79, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": 6.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": 10.9, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 22 (p.63, net effect -3.5 hours***), text p.62 (-3.6 hours*** with covariates), Appendix III Table 43 columns (2) (p.103) [with covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, with covariates (gender, education, years working in the arts, disability, weekly care-work hours), robust SEs; n = final groups October 2024 (p.19)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours making work (own arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 5.28, "se": 0.928, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": 23.9, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": 19, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 12 (p.41, net effect +5.3***), Appendix III Tables 36 column (1) (p.98) [without covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, without covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups October 2024 (p.19)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours making work (own arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 5.206, "se": 0.919, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": 23.9, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": 19, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 12 (p.41, net effect +5.3***), Appendix III Tables 37 column (1) (p.98) [with covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, with covariates (gender, education, years working in the arts, disability, weekly care-work hours), robust SEs; n = final groups October 2024 (p.19)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours presenting/performing work", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.183, "se": 0.506, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.05; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": 3.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": 2.7, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 12 (p.41, net effect +1.2**), Appendix III Tables 36 column (2) (p.98) [without covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, without covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups October 2024 (p.19)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours presenting/performing work", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.119, "se": 0.502, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.05; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": 3.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": 2.7, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 12 (p.41, net effect +1.2**), Appendix III Tables 37 column (2) (p.98) [with covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, with covariates (gender, education, years working in the arts, disability, weekly care-work hours), robust SEs; n = final groups October 2024 (p.19)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on research and experimentation (arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 2.9, "se": 0.552, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": 9.8, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": 7.7, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 12 (p.41, net effect +2.9***), Appendix III Tables 36 column (3) (p.98) [without covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, without covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups October 2024 (p.19)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on research and experimentation (arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 2.9, "se": 0.556, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": 9.8, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": 7.7, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 12 (p.41, net effect +2.9***), Appendix III Tables 37 column (3) (p.98) [with covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, with covariates (gender, education, years working in the arts, disability, weekly care-work hours), robust SEs; n = final groups October 2024 (p.19)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on management and administration (arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.923, "se": 0.487, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "* (p<0.1; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": 6.5, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": 6.1, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 12 (p.41, net effect +0.9*), Appendix III Tables 36 column (4) (p.98) [without covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, without covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups October 2024 (p.19)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on management and administration (arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.967, "se": 0.493, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.05; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": 6.5, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": 6.1, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 12 (p.41, net effect +0.9*), Appendix III Tables 37 column (4) (p.98) [with covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, with covariates (gender, education, years working in the arts, disability, weekly care-work hours), robust SEs; n = final groups October 2024 (p.19)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on training related to arts work", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.816, "se": 0.389, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.05; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": 2.6, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": 2.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 12 (p.41, net effect +0.8**), Appendix III Tables 36 column (5) (p.98) [without covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, without covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups October 2024 (p.19)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on training related to arts work", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.854, "se": 0.391, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.05; report: *** <0.01, ** <0.05, * <0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": 2.6, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": 2.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 12 (p.41, net effect +0.8**), Appendix III Tables 37 column (5) (p.98) [with covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, with covariates (gender, education, years working in the arts, disability, weekly care-work hours), robust SEs; n = final groups October 2024 (p.19)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours travelling for work, including touring", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.511, "se": 0.388, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": 4.7, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": 4.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 12 (p.41, 'No impact'), Appendix III Tables 36 column (6) (p.98) [without covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, without covariates, robust SEs; n = final groups October 2024 (p.19)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours travelling for work, including touring", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.536, "se": 0.388, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": 4.7, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": 4.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 12 (p.41, 'No impact'), Appendix III Tables 37 column (6) (p.98) [with covariates]; two-period difference-in-differences vs October 2022 baseline, with covariates (gender, education, years working in the arts, disability, weekly care-work hours), robust SEs; n = final groups October 2024 (p.19)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Low life satisfaction (5 or below on the 1-10 scale)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 19.8 }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 34.51 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 12 Life Satisfaction Distribution (p.51), Oct 23 bars; text p.52 rounds the shares", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "High life satisfaction (9 or 10 on the 1-10 scale)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 1985, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 11.28 }, "control": { "n": 965, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 6.63 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 12 Life Satisfaction Distribution (p.51), Oct 23 bars; text p.52 rounds the shares", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Low life satisfaction (5 or below on the 1-10 scale)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 15.4 }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 37.08 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 22 Life Satisfaction Distribution (p.69), Oct 24 bars, and Figure 23 (p.70); text p.70 and Executive Summary p.10 round the shares", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "High life satisfaction (9 or 10 on the 1-10 scale)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 1968, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 16.83 }, "control": { "n": 952, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 5.14 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 22 Life Satisfaction Distribution (p.69), Oct 24 bars, and Figure 23 (p.70); text p.70 and Executive Summary p.10 round the shares", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2024 (18 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours working for pay outside the arts sector", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 5.5, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 10.5, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 22 (p.63), April 24 column (arm means only; the report estimates effects only for October 2024)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2024 (18 months)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Life satisfaction (1-10 scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 6.9, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 6.0, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 24 (p.68), April 2024 column (arm means only; the report estimates effects only for October 2024)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2024 (18 months)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Depressed or downhearted in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 59.4 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 76.72 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 25 (p.72), April 2024 column (arm means only; the report estimates effects only for October 2024)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2024 (18 months)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Anxious in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 72.7 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 83.17 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 26 (p.74), April 2024 column (arm means only; the report estimates effects only for October 2024)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2024 (18 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours presenting/performing work", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 3.3, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 3.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 12 (p.41), Apr-24 row (arm means only; the report estimates effects only for October 2024)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2024 (18 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours making work (own arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 24.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 19.7, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 12 (p.41), Apr-24 row (arm means only; the report estimates effects only for October 2024)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2024 (18 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on research and experimentation (arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 10, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 8.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 12 (p.41), Apr-24 row (arm means only; the report estimates effects only for October 2024)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2024 (18 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on management and administration (arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 6.8, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 6.5, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 12 (p.41), Apr-24 row (arm means only; the report estimates effects only for October 2024)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2024 (18 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on training related to arts work", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 2.5, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 2.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 12 (p.41), Apr-24 row (arm means only; the report estimates effects only for October 2024)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2024 (18 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours travelling for work, including touring", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 4.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 3.8, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 12 (p.41), Apr-24 row (arm means only; the report estimates effects only for October 2024)", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Life satisfaction (1-10 scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.739, "se": 0.0662, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Wellbeing impacts table (p.52), column (1) Life Satisfaction, 'Wave 1 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Life satisfaction (1-10 scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.706, "se": 0.0739, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Wellbeing impacts table (p.52), column (1) Life Satisfaction, 'Wave 2 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2024 (18 months)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Life satisfaction (1-10 scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.9, "se": 0.0797, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Wellbeing impacts table (p.52), column (1) Life Satisfaction, 'Wave 3 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Life satisfaction (1-10 scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.13, "se": 0.0813, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Wellbeing impacts table (p.52), column (1) Life Satisfaction, 'Wave 4 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2025 (2.5 years)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Life satisfaction (1-10 scale)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.913, "se": 0.0831, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Wellbeing impacts table (p.52), column (1) Life Satisfaction, 'Wave 5 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Anxious in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.0983, "se": 0.0183, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Wellbeing impacts table (p.52), column (2) Feeling anxious, 'Wave 1 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Anxious in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.0827, "se": 0.0185, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Wellbeing impacts table (p.52), column (2) Feeling anxious, 'Wave 2 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2024 (18 months)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Anxious in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.106, "se": 0.0188, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Wellbeing impacts table (p.52), column (2) Feeling anxious, 'Wave 3 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Anxious in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.157, "se": 0.0191, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Wellbeing impacts table (p.52), column (2) Feeling anxious, 'Wave 4 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2025 (2.5 years)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Anxious in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.131, "se": 0.0197, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Wellbeing impacts table (p.52), column (2) Feeling anxious, 'Wave 5 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Depressed or downhearted in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.0991, "se": 0.0205, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Wellbeing impacts table (p.52), column (3) Feeling depressed, 'Wave 1 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Depressed or downhearted in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.0604, "se": 0.0209, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Wellbeing impacts table (p.52), column (3) Feeling depressed, 'Wave 2 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2024 (18 months)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Depressed or downhearted in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.109, "se": 0.0215, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Wellbeing impacts table (p.52), column (3) Feeling depressed, 'Wave 3 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Depressed or downhearted in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.147, "se": 0.0219, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Wellbeing impacts table (p.52), column (3) Feeling depressed, 'Wave 4 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2025 (2.5 years)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Depressed or downhearted in the last four weeks (yes/no)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.112, "se": 0.023, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Wellbeing impacts table (p.52), column (3) Feeling depressed, 'Wave 5 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours working for pay outside the arts sector", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -3.266, "se": 0.629, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Sectoral retention impacts table (p.51), column (2) Hours in work outside the arts, 'Wave 1 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours working for pay outside the arts sector", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -2.676, "se": 0.781, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Sectoral retention impacts table (p.51), column (2) Hours in work outside the arts, 'Wave 2 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2024 (18 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours working for pay outside the arts sector", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -3.628, "se": 0.575, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Sectoral retention impacts table (p.51), column (2) Hours in work outside the arts, 'Wave 3 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours working for pay outside the arts sector", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -3.451, "se": 0.571, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Sectoral retention impacts table (p.51), column (2) Hours in work outside the arts, 'Wave 4 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2025 (2.5 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours working for pay outside the arts sector", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -4.321, "se": 0.62, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Sectoral retention impacts table (p.51), column (2) Hours in work outside the arts, 'Wave 5 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours making work (own arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.513, "se": 0.699, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.05)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Arts practice development impacts table (p.49-50), column (2) Hours in making arts, 'Wave 1 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours making work (own arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 3.817, "se": 0.655, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Arts practice development impacts table (p.49-50), column (2) Hours in making arts, 'Wave 2 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2024 (18 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours making work (own arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 4.842, "se": 0.744, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Arts practice development impacts table (p.49-50), column (2) Hours in making arts, 'Wave 3 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours making work (own arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 5.259, "se": 0.74, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Arts practice development impacts table (p.49-50), column (2) Hours in making arts, 'Wave 4 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2025 (2.5 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours making work (own arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 5.397, "se": 0.728, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Arts practice development impacts table (p.49-50), column (2) Hours in making arts, 'Wave 5 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on research and experimentation (arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.708, "se": 0.514, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Arts practice development impacts table (p.49-50), column (3) Hours in arts research, 'Wave 1 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on research and experimentation (arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 2.349, "se": 0.459, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Arts practice development impacts table (p.49-50), column (3) Hours in arts research, 'Wave 2 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2024 (18 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on research and experimentation (arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 2.636, "se": 0.498, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Arts practice development impacts table (p.49-50), column (3) Hours in arts research, 'Wave 3 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on research and experimentation (arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 2.913, "se": 0.469, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Arts practice development impacts table (p.49-50), column (3) Hours in arts research, 'Wave 4 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2025 (2.5 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on research and experimentation (arts practice)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 2.388, "se": 0.465, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Arts practice development impacts table (p.49-50), column (3) Hours in arts research, 'Wave 5 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on training related to arts work", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.462, "se": 0.304, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Arts practice development impacts table (p.49-50), column (4) Hours in arts training, 'Wave 1 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on training related to arts work", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.751, "se": 0.355, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.05)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Arts practice development impacts table (p.49-50), column (4) Hours in arts training, 'Wave 2 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2024 (18 months)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on training related to arts work", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.792, "se": 0.314, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.05)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Arts practice development impacts table (p.49-50), column (4) Hours in arts training, 'Wave 3 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on training related to arts work", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.735, "se": 0.331, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.05)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Arts practice development impacts table (p.49-50), column (4) Hours in arts training, 'Wave 4 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2025 (2.5 years)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly hours on training related to arts work", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.609, "se": 0.301, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.05)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Arts practice development impacts table (p.49-50), column (4) Hours in arts training, 'Wave 5 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Monthly personal take-home income from the arts", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 464.7, "se": 113.2, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Deprivation and income table (p.53), column (3) Income from the arts, 'Wave 1 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Monthly personal take-home income from the arts", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 697.8, "se": 114.6, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Deprivation and income table (p.53), column (3) Income from the arts, 'Wave 2 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2024 (18 months)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Monthly personal take-home income from the arts", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 547.1, "se": 110.6, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Deprivation and income table (p.53), column (3) Income from the arts, 'Wave 3 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Monthly personal take-home income from the arts", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 680.3, "se": 109.7, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Deprivation and income table (p.53), column (3) Income from the arts, 'Wave 4 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2025 (2.5 years)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Monthly personal take-home income from the arts", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 685.5, "se": 113.7, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Deprivation and income table (p.53), column (3) Income from the arts, 'Wave 5 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Monthly personal take-home income from outside the arts", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -233.9, "se": 99.23, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.05)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Deprivation and income table (p.53), column (4) Income from outside the arts, 'Wave 1 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Monthly personal take-home income from outside the arts", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -191.6, "se": 101.7, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "* (p<0.1)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Deprivation and income table (p.53), column (4) Income from outside the arts, 'Wave 2 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2024 (18 months)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Monthly personal take-home income from outside the arts", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -339.4, "se": 107.7, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Deprivation and income table (p.53), column (4) Income from outside the arts, 'Wave 3 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Monthly personal take-home income from outside the arts", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -321.7, "se": 109.9, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "*** (p<0.01)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Deprivation and income table (p.53), column (4) Income from outside the arts, 'Wave 4 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2025 (2.5 years)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Monthly personal take-home income from outside the arts", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -276.2, "se": 108.4, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p<0.05)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Deprivation and income table (p.53), column (4) Income from outside the arts, 'Wave 5 * treatment' row; panel difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects, SEs clustered by individual (cost-benefit analysis Appendix 2); analysis sample 1,961 treated and 893 control who completed baseline and April 2025", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2023 (6 months)", "randomized_treated": 2000, "randomized_control": 997, "responded_treated": 1991, "responded_control": 973, "where": "6-month report p.12-13: final groups at baseline 2,000 and 997 (27 treatment and 408 control assignees declined and were replaced by further random selection); April 2023 final groups 1991 and 973", "source": "pilot:bifa_3" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)", "randomized_treated": 2000, "randomized_control": 997, "responded_treated": 1985, "responded_control": 965, "where": "First-year report p.17: final groups in October 2023", "source": "pilot:bifa_2" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2024 (18 months)", "randomized_treated": 2000, "randomized_control": 997, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "April 2024 group sizes not printed (two-year report p.19 gives October 2024 retention 98.4% and 95.49%, 'a decline of 0.85 and 1.50 percentage points respectively from the previous survey')", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "October 2024 (2 years)", "randomized_treated": 2000, "randomized_control": 997, "responded_treated": 1968, "responded_control": 952, "where": "Two-year report p.19: final groups in October 2024", "source": "pilot:bifa_1" }, { "comparison": "T54-1", "wave": "April 2025 (2.5 years)", "randomized_treated": 2000, "randomized_control": 997, "responded_treated": 1961, "responded_control": 893, "where": "Cost-benefit analysis p.7: analysis sample of those who completed both the baseline and the April 2025 survey (baseline 2,000 and 996)", "source": "pilot:bifa_4" } ], "notes": "Three DCCS impact reports estimate two-period difference-in-differences of each follow-up against the October 2022 baseline (taken after randomization): bifa_3 (April 2023, no covariates), bifa_2 (October 2023) and bifa_1 (October 2024), the latter two each without and with covariates; all entered as adjusted_difference with the specification in where. The cost-benefit analysis (bifa_4) estimates a panel DiD with individual fixed effects for every wave (Appendix 2), entered per wave without arm values; its aggregate estimates over waves 1-5 (Tables 2-6) and annual averages (Appendix 4) match no single design wave and are not entered. Report-table net effects and text figures match the regression coefficients after rounding and are cited in where. Later reports repeat earlier waves' arm means; repeated values are entered again only where they differ (making work April 2023: 23.0 in bifa_3, 23.1 in bifa_2 and bifa_1) or where no report estimates that wave (bifa_1's April 2024 columns). Hours: weekly hours working for pay outside the arts and each arts-practice time-use category the reports estimate (making, presenting/performing, research and experimentation, management and administration, training, travelling for work), coded as hours of work; 'volunteering in the arts' (paid and unpaid arts work outside own practice), mentoring, and non-work time use not entered; no total of hours worked is printed. Earnings: monthly take-home income from the arts and from outside the arts appear only in the cost-benefit analysis, which estimates that about 23% of recipients reported the BIA payment as arts income (about €320 a month on average) and does not correct the impact estimates for it. No share in paid employment is reported ('did not work in the arts' counts unpaid work), so no employment entries. Life satisfaction low (5 or below) and high (9-10) shares are descriptive (no test). The 'depressed or anxious all of the time in the previous six months' indicator appears only in bifa_3 (coded general_mental_health). Baseline SDs are printed per arm only (bifa_1 Appendix I: life satisfaction 1.825 control, 1.658 treatment; hours working for pay in other sectors 14.704 and 13.040; making work 15.476 and 15.712), so baseline_sd is null. The control group received €650 a year for completing surveys. Not entered: ability to sustain oneself through arts work, inability to work in the arts, unpaid work, making ends meet, deprivation, social protection income, Jobseeker's payments, practice expenditure, new works." }, { "trial": "T71", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T71-1", "wave": "3-month follow-up visit (about 12 weeks after enrollment)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (short form; 0-16)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.2, "se": null, "lower": -1.01, "upper": 1.4, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 49, "mean": 7.1, "sd": 3.1, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 44, "mean": 7.0, "sd": 3.4, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome 'Change in Perceived Stress Scale' (also in the registration record's results section, NCT05838027, same numbers): follow-up mean (SD) by arm and analysis 'Mean Difference (Net)' with 95% CI from GEE population-averaged models with robust SEs", "source": "registered:NCT05838027_1" }, { "comparison": "T71-1", "wave": "3-month follow-up visit (about 12 weeks after enrollment)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "State Trait Anxiety Inventory, state subscale (20-80)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -2.71, "se": null, "lower": -7.43, "upper": 2.0, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 49, "mean": 35, "sd": 12, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 44, "mean": 41, "sd": 13, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome 'Change in State Anxiety Scale' (also in the registration record's results section, NCT05838027, same numbers): follow-up mean (SD) by arm and analysis 'Mean Difference (Net)' with 95% CI from GEE population-averaged models with robust SEs", "source": "registered:NCT05838027_1" }, { "comparison": "T71-1", "wave": "3-month follow-up visit (about 12 weeks after enrollment)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K6", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6+, 6-30)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.1, "se": null, "lower": -2.64, "upper": 0.43, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 49, "mean": 12, "sd": 5, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 44, "mean": 14, "sd": 5, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome 'Change in Psychological Distress Scale' (also in the registration record's results section, NCT05838027, same numbers): follow-up mean (SD) by arm and analysis 'Mean Difference (Net)' with 95% CI from GEE population-averaged models with robust SEs", "source": "registered:NCT05838027_1" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T71-1", "wave": "3-month follow-up visit (about 12 weeks after enrollment)", "randomized_treated": 50, "randomized_control": 50, "responded_treated": 49, "responded_control": 44, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov participant flow: started 50 and 50, completed 49 (cash transfer) and 44 (control)", "source": "registered:NCT05838027_1" } ], "notes": "Results from the ClinicalTrials.gov posted results (the registration record's results section has the same numbers). Net mean differences (change from baseline, cash minus control) come from GEE models; baseline means (SD): PSS 7.2 (3.2) cash, 7.4 (3.3) control; STAI 38 (14) and 40 (13); K6+ 13 (6) and 13 (6); baseline SDs printed per arm only, so baseline_sd null. The STAI is not in the instrument list (coded other). The qualitative sub-study (pmid:41691989) reports no between-arm statistics (themes of temporary reductions in stress and anxiety among recipients). Not entered: CDC healthy days, food and utility security, financial well-being, mental bandwidth, adherence, spending." }, { "trial": "T86", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T86-1", "wave": "Chicago DOH survey (May-June 2020)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Feeling Anxious: PHQ-4 item 'How often have you felt nervous, anxious, or on edge?' answered 'more than half the days' or 'nearly every day', last week", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.075, "se": 0.033, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p ≤ 0.05)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.549 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table IV Survey Outcomes (p.37), column (3) Chicago: DOH, Feeling Anxious row; two-stage least squares estimate of receiving assistance, instrumented by lottery selection, with site-specific design controls and gender and race indicators; responses reweighted for survey nonresponse; control mean in brackets (not selected, Z=0); N 14,681 (both arms)", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007731_1" }, { "comparison": "T86-1", "wave": "Chicago DOH survey (May-June 2020)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Feeling Anxious: PHQ-4 item 'How often have you felt nervous, anxious, or on edge?' answered 'more than half the days' or 'nearly every day', last week", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.072, "se": 0.032, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "** (p ≤ 0.05)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table E.3 Survey Outcomes - No Weights (p.58), column (3) Chicago: DOH, Feeling Anxious row; two-stage least squares estimate of receiving assistance, instrumented by lottery selection, with site-specific design controls and gender and race indicators; unweighted; N 14,681 (both arms)", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007731_1" }, { "comparison": "T86-2", "wave": "Chicago TRP survey (February-April 2021)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Feeling Anxious: PHQ-4 item 'How often have you felt nervous, anxious, or on edge?' answered 'more than half the days' or 'nearly every day', last week", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.002, "se": 0.028, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.319 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table IV Survey Outcomes (p.37), column (4) Chicago: TRP, Feeling Anxious row; two-stage least squares estimate of receiving assistance, instrumented by lottery selection, with site-specific design controls and gender and race indicators; responses reweighted for survey nonresponse; control mean in brackets (not selected, Z=0); N 1,352 (both arms)", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007731_1" }, { "comparison": "T86-2", "wave": "Chicago TRP survey (February-April 2021)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Feeling Anxious: PHQ-4 item 'How often have you felt nervous, anxious, or on edge?' answered 'more than half the days' or 'nearly every day', last week", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.006, "se": 0.027, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table E.3 Survey Outcomes - No Weights (p.58), column (4) Chicago: TRP, Feeling Anxious row; two-stage least squares estimate of receiving assistance, instrumented by lottery selection, with site-specific design controls and gender and race indicators; unweighted; N 1,352 (both arms)", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007731_1" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T86-1", "wave": "Chicago DOH survey (May-June 2020)", "randomized_treated": 1537, "randomized_control": 73126, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Table I (p.34), Chicago DOH: N Z=1 1,537 and Z=0 73,126; survey response rates 0.409 (selected) and 0.283 (not selected); response counts not printed", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007731_1" }, { "comparison": "T86-2", "wave": "Chicago TRP survey (February-April 2021)", "randomized_treated": 1765, "randomized_control": 4688, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Table I (p.34), Chicago TRP: N Z=1 1,765 and Z=0 4,688; survey response rates 0.311 (selected) and 0.175 (not selected); response counts not printed", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007731_1" } ], "notes": "Survey outcomes are reported only as IV (two-stage least squares) estimates of receiving assistance, instrumented by lottery selection (Table IV weighted for nonresponse; Appendix Table E.3 unweighted); no intent-to-treat estimate is printed for survey outcomes (reduced-form estimates appear only for credit outcomes). First stages (Table III): Chicago DOH 0.431 (SE 0.013), Chicago TRP 0.910 (0.007). The outcome is labelled 'Feeling Anxious' in the tables and 'Feeling Anxious or Depressed' in Appendix B, but uses only the PHQ-4 anxiety item. Each comparison has its own survey wave only, so entries and attrition are given only for the matching comparison and wave. Not entered: combined cross-site estimates, other sites, the COVID, rent, eviction-worry, homelessness and food outcomes." }, { "trial": "T92", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T92-1", "wave": "Quarter 1 after first deposit (2023 Q4), state records", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed (received taxed income from wages or tips during the quarter), state administrative data (Department of Employment and Workforce)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.14, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 40, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 53, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 2(b) (p.28), quarter 1 after first deposit: the p-value is printed but the difference is only plotted; unadjusted treatment-control mean difference; permutation p-values (1,000 permutations)", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0014466_1" }, { "comparison": "T92-1", "wave": "Quarter 3 (2024 Q2), state records", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed (received taxed income from wages or tips during the quarter), state administrative data (Department of Employment and Workforce)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.02, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 40, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 53, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 2(b) (p.28), quarter 3 after first deposit: the p-value is printed but the difference is only plotted; unadjusted treatment-control mean difference; permutation p-values (1,000 permutations)", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0014466_1" }, { "comparison": "T92-1", "wave": "Quarter 4 (2024 Q3), state records", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed (received taxed income from wages or tips during the quarter), state administrative data (Department of Employment and Workforce)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.05, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 40, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 53, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 2(b) (p.28), quarter 4 after first deposit: the p-value is printed but the difference is only plotted; unadjusted treatment-control mean difference; permutation p-values (1,000 permutations)", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0014466_1" }, { "comparison": "T92-1", "wave": "Quarter 2 (2024 Q1), shorter term, state records", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed (received taxed income from wages or tips during the quarter), state administrative data (Department of Employment and Workforce)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.22, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "p = 0.00", "kind": "difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 40, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 53, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 2(a) 'Difference at 2: -0.22 (p = 0.00)' (p.28); text p.27 ('22 percentage points lower than the control group—a 58% decrease relative to the control-group rate') and p.4; unadjusted treatment-control mean difference; permutation p-values (1,000 permutations)", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0014466_1" }, { "comparison": "T92-1", "wave": "Quarter 5 (2024 Q4), longer term, state records", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed (received taxed income from wages or tips during the quarter), state administrative data (Department of Employment and Workforce)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.03, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.67, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 40, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.25 }, "control": { "n": 53, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.28 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 2(a) 'Difference at 5: -0.03 (p = 0.67)' with arm labels 0.28 (control) and 0.25 (treatment) at quarter 5 (p.28); Table 4 (p.30) impact -0.03, Pr[Impact = 0] 0.67; unadjusted treatment-control mean difference; permutation p-values (1,000 permutations)", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0014466_1" }, { "comparison": "T92-1", "wave": "Phone follow-up (October 2024, about 2024 Q3)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employment from the October 2024 phone interviews (taxed and non-taxed work, Quarter 3 of 2024)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "among those who responded, the treatment-group employment rate based on administrative data is identical to the rate based on the phone interviews. While control-group rates differ somewhat across sources ... conclusions regarding the employment impact are unchanged whether the analysis relies on the full sample using administrative data or on the interview subsample using either administrative or phone-survey responses", "kind": "difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 20, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 22, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Text p.32 and footnote 24; Appendix Table A.9 is cited but not in the file; 42 interviewed (20 treatment, 22 control), 40 gave employment and income; printed only as the sentence in p_text", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0014466_1" }, { "comparison": "T92-1", "wave": "Quarter 1 after first deposit (2023 Q4), state records", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Earnings from labor income (mean individual monthly earnings during the quarter, 2022 dollars), state administrative data", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "USD", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": 40, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 53, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 3(a) (p.37), quarter 1: shown only as plotted lines, no numbers printed", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0014466_1" }, { "comparison": "T92-1", "wave": "Quarter 3 (2024 Q2), state records", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Earnings from labor income (mean individual monthly earnings during the quarter, 2022 dollars), state administrative data", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "USD", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": 40, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 53, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 3(a) (p.37), quarter 3: shown only as plotted lines, no numbers printed", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0014466_1" }, { "comparison": "T92-1", "wave": "Quarter 4 (2024 Q3), state records", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Earnings from labor income (mean individual monthly earnings during the quarter, 2022 dollars), state administrative data", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "USD", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": 40, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 53, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 3(a) (p.37), quarter 4: shown only as plotted lines, no numbers printed", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0014466_1" }, { "comparison": "T92-1", "wave": "Quarter 2 (2024 Q1), shorter term, state records", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Earnings from labor income (mean individual monthly earnings during the quarter, 2022 dollars), state administrative data", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "USD", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -350, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.04, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": 40, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 53, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 3(a) 'Difference at 2: −350 (p = 0.04)' (p.37); text p.36 ('labor income decreases by 350 (p-value = 0.04)'); unadjusted treatment-control mean difference; permutation p-values (1,000 permutations)", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0014466_1" }, { "comparison": "T92-1", "wave": "Quarter 5 (2024 Q4), longer term, state records", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Earnings from labor income (mean individual monthly earnings during the quarter, 2022 dollars), state administrative data", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "USD", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -151, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.34, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": 40, "mean": 355, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 53, "mean": 506, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Figure 3(a) 'Difference at 5: −151 (p = 0.34)' with arm labels 506 (control) and 355 (treatment) at quarter 5 (p.37); text p.36; unadjusted treatment-control mean difference; permutation p-values (1,000 permutations)", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0014466_1" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T92-1", "wave": "Quarter 1 after first deposit (2023 Q4), state records", "randomized_treated": 40, "randomized_control": 53, "responded_treated": 40, "responded_control": 53, "where": "Table 1 (p.14): 93 randomized, 40 treatment and 53 control; administrative data with no non-response (p.27)", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0014466_1" }, { "comparison": "T92-1", "wave": "Quarter 2 (2024 Q1), shorter term, state records", "randomized_treated": 40, "randomized_control": 53, "responded_treated": 40, "responded_control": 53, "where": "Table 1 (p.14): 93 randomized, 40 treatment and 53 control; administrative data with no non-response (p.27)", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0014466_1" }, { "comparison": "T92-1", "wave": "Quarter 3 (2024 Q2), state records", "randomized_treated": 40, "randomized_control": 53, "responded_treated": 40, "responded_control": 53, "where": "Table 1 (p.14): 93 randomized, 40 treatment and 53 control; administrative data with no non-response (p.27)", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0014466_1" }, { "comparison": "T92-1", "wave": "Quarter 4 (2024 Q3), state records", "randomized_treated": 40, "randomized_control": 53, "responded_treated": 40, "responded_control": 53, "where": "Table 1 (p.14): 93 randomized, 40 treatment and 53 control; administrative data with no non-response (p.27)", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0014466_1" }, { "comparison": "T92-1", "wave": "Phone follow-up (October 2024, about 2024 Q3)", "randomized_treated": 40, "randomized_control": 53, "responded_treated": 20, "responded_control": 22, "where": "Footnote 24 (p.32): all 93 contacted; 42 completed the phone interview (20 treatment, 22 control), 40 of whom gave employment and income", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0014466_1" }, { "comparison": "T92-1", "wave": "Quarter 5 (2024 Q4), longer term, state records", "randomized_treated": 40, "randomized_control": 53, "responded_treated": 40, "responded_control": 53, "where": "Table 1 (p.14): 93 randomized, 40 treatment and 53 control; administrative data with no non-response (p.27)", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0014466_1" } ], "notes": "Quarterly state administrative data; unadjusted mean differences with permutation p-values (Appendix 8, not in the file, reports regression-adjusted estimates as nearly identical). Quarter 0 (Q3 2023, including one month of payments) is the baseline. Employment differences printed for quarters 2 and 5 (and 0); for quarters 1, 3 and 4 only the p-values (0.14, 0.02, 0.05) are printed in Figure 2(b). Earnings differences printed only for quarters 2 and 5 (and 0); quarters 1, 3 and 4 appear only as plotted lines. The short-term employment decrease is also printed as a 58% reduction relative to control (not entered separately). Phone follow-up (October 2024) results are in Appendix Table A.9, which is not in the file; only the text's statement is entered. The control group received $10 a month for 24 months. Not entered: unearned income, income from all sources, SNAP/TANF, hospital use, subgroup results." }, { "trial": "T111", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T111-1", "wave": "15-month survey (final follow-up)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employment (share employed), baseline and follow-up by group", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "We see similar rates of employment across groups and no decrease in employment after receiving cash plus, which suggests that the cash plus program did not affect the likelihood of employment (final report); no differences were found between groups (SSWR abstract)", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": 88, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 40, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Final report p.7 chart (Miracle Money n=88, Miracle Friend n=40, Waitlist Control n=107; percentages not legible in the OCR text) and its answer text; SSWR 2026 abstract (registered:NCT05408884_3): 'At follow up ... 25% were employed ... no differences were found between groups' (25% for the whole sample); printed only as sentences", "source": "registered:NCT05408884_1" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T111-1", "wave": "3-month survey", "randomized_treated": 256, "randomized_control": null, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "SSWR abstract (registered:NCT05408884_3): 760 enrolled, 523 randomized to the social-support program and 237 to the waitlist; 256 of the 523 assigned to also receive $750 a month (the Miracle Friends-only count is not printed); no response counts at this wave", "source": "registered:NCT05408884_3" }, { "comparison": "T111-1", "wave": "6-month survey", "randomized_treated": 256, "randomized_control": null, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "SSWR abstract (registered:NCT05408884_3): 760 enrolled, 523 randomized to the social-support program and 237 to the waitlist; 256 of the 523 assigned to also receive $750 a month (the Miracle Friends-only count is not printed); no response counts at this wave", "source": "registered:NCT05408884_3" }, { "comparison": "T111-1", "wave": "9-month survey", "randomized_treated": 256, "randomized_control": null, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "SSWR abstract (registered:NCT05408884_3): 760 enrolled, 523 randomized to the social-support program and 237 to the waitlist; 256 of the 523 assigned to also receive $750 a month (the Miracle Friends-only count is not printed); no response counts at this wave", "source": "registered:NCT05408884_3" }, { "comparison": "T111-1", "wave": "12-month survey", "randomized_treated": 256, "randomized_control": null, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "SSWR abstract (registered:NCT05408884_3): 760 enrolled, 523 randomized to the social-support program and 237 to the waitlist; 256 of the 523 assigned to also receive $750 a month (the Miracle Friends-only count is not printed); no response counts at this wave", "source": "registered:NCT05408884_3" }, { "comparison": "T111-1", "wave": "15-month survey (final follow-up)", "randomized_treated": 256, "randomized_control": null, "responded_treated": 88, "responded_control": 40, "where": "Randomized from the SSWR abstract (Miracle Friends-only count not printed); at follow-up the final report (p.6-7) analyses Miracle Money n=88 and Miracle Friend n=40 (completers who received an intervention) and Waitlist n=107", "source": "registered:NCT05408884_1" } ], "notes": "The final report's quantitative results compare completers who received an intervention with the waitlist; employment appears only as a chart without legible numbers and the statement that rates were similar across groups, which covers the Miracle Money vs Miracle Friends comparison. The SSWR abstract's 25% employed refers to the whole sample at follow-up. No mental health, stress, life satisfaction, hours or earnings results are printed. The November 2023 interim report (registered:NCT05408884_2, result_report false) reports housing and basic needs only." } ]