[ { "trial": "T02", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (perceived stress index); 9 items at ages 1 and 2 because one item was omitted", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.62, "se": null, "lower": -0.18, "upper": 1.41, "level": 95, "p": 0.13, "p_text": "Westfall-Young adjusted p = 0.31", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 383, "mean": 11.39, "sd": 6.04, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 547, "mean": 10.82, "sd": 6.35, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5, Panel 3, 'Perceived stress index', Age 1: effect (95% CI), p (WY p), N 930; arm N and mean (SD) from Table 3. bfy:wellbeing-ssrn Tables 2 and 3 print the same numbers.", "source": "pmid:40804074" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (perceived stress index); 9 items at ages 1 and 2 because one item was omitted; registry outcome 'Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)'", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.616, "se": 0.406, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.053, "p_text": "registry-posted p-value; registry says 'We report adjusted p-values'", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 383, "mean": 11.389, "sd": 6.043, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 547, "mean": 10.815, "sd": 6.346, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome 'Family and Maternal Perceived Stress: Perceived Stress', time frame 'Age 12 months': OLS slope with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, its SE, and the posted p-value; arm counts, means (SD).", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8), score 0-24", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.26, "se": null, "lower": -0.29, "upper": 0.8, "level": 95, "p": 0.35, "p_text": "Westfall-Young adjusted p = 0.58", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 383, "mean": 3.91, "sd": 4.41, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 547, "mean": 3.72, "sd": 4.09, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5, Panel 3, 'Maternal depression (PHQ-8)', Age 1: effect (95% CI), p (WY p), N 930; arm N and mean (SD) from Table 3. bfy:wellbeing-ssrn Tables 2 and 3 print the same numbers.", "source": "pmid:40804074" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8), score 0-24", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.257, "se": 0.277, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.355, "p_text": "registry-posted p-value; registry says 'We report adjusted p-values'", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 383, "mean": 3.911, "sd": 4.405, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 546, "mean": 3.718, "sd": 4.092, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome 'Maternal Mental Health: Index of Maternal Depression', time frame 'Age 12 months': OLS slope with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, its SE, and the posted p-value; arm counts, means (SD).", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Beck Anxiety Inventory (21 items)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.66, "se": null, "lower": 0.66, "upper": 2.66, "level": 95, "p": 0.0, "p_text": "p = 0.00 as printed; Westfall-Young adjusted p = 0.01", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 383, "mean": 5.94, "sd": 8.34, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 547, "mean": 4.58, "sd": 6.57, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5, Panel 3, 'Maternal anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory)', Age 1: effect (95% CI), p (WY p), N 930; arm N and mean (SD) from Table 3. bfy:wellbeing-ssrn Tables 2 and 3 print the same numbers.", "source": "pmid:40804074" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Beck Anxiety Inventory (21 items); registry outcome 'Index of Maternal Anxiety measured by the Beck Anxiety Inventory'", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.66, "se": 0.51, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.003, "p_text": "registry-posted p-value; registry says 'We report adjusted p-values'", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 383, "mean": 5.943, "sd": 4.405, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 547, "mean": 4.578, "sd": 4.092, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome 'Maternal Mental Health: Index of Maternal Anxiety', time frame 'Age 12 months': OLS slope with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, its SE, and the posted p-value; arm counts, means (SD). The posted SDs for this outcome are identical to those posted for the PHQ-8 at 12 months.", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Maternal Global Happiness (single General Social Survey item, group mean)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.008, "se": 0.047, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.866, "p_text": "Westfall-Young adjusted p = 0.866", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 2.254, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 2.236, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5, '[preR] Maternal Global Happiness mean': OLS with covariates (SE), p, WY p, N 925; low- and high-cash group means. Same numbers in bfy:nber-w30379 Table 5.", "source": "pmid:36798246" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Maternal Global Happiness (single General Social Survey item, group mean)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.018, "se": 0.047, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 2.254, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 2.236, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 5, '[preR] Maternal Global Happiness mean': OLS without covariates (SE), N 925; the printed p-value is for the covariate model. Same numbers in bfy:nber-w30379 Table 5.", "source": "pmid:36798246" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Maternal Global Happiness (single General Social Survey item, group mean); registry outcome 'Maternal Happiness and Optimism: Global Happiness'", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.008, "se": 0.047, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.866, "p_text": "registry-posted p-value; registry says 'We report adjusted p-values'", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 382, "mean": 1.254, "sd": 0.707, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 543, "mean": 1.236, "sd": 0.687, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome 'Maternal Happiness and Optimism: Global Happiness', time frame 'Age 12 months': OLS slope with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, its SE, and the posted p-value; arm counts, means (SD). Posted means are 1 lower than those in pmid:36798246 Table 5.", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mother working in paid job at time of Wave 1 follow-up", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.045, "se": 0.033, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.179, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.41 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.453 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 2, 'Mother working in paid job at time of Wave 1 follow-up': coefficient with covariates (SE), p, N 931; group means. Same numbers in bfy:nber-w30379 Table 2.", "source": "pmid:36798246" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mother working in paid job at time of Wave 1 follow-up", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.043, "se": 0.033, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.41 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.453 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 2, same row: coefficient without covariates (SE), N 931; the printed p-value is for the covariate model. Same numbers in bfy:nber-w30379 Table 2.", "source": "pmid:36798246" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Working for pay at time of age-1 survey", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.04, "se": 0.03, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.18, "p_text": "Westfall-Young adjusted p = .84", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.45 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 3, 'Working for pay at time of age-1 survey (%)': OLS ITT with FE and covariates (SE), effect size -.09, p, adjusted p, N 931; low-cash gift mean. The text file renders the minus sign as '2' ('2.04', '2.09').", "source": "bfy:employment-ssr" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Ever worked for pay since birth (any time in the child's first year)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.0, "se": 0.03, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.95, "p_text": "Westfall-Young adjusted p = 1.00", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.54 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 3, 'Ever worked for pay since birth (%)': OLS ITT with FE and covariates .00 (.03), effect size .00, p, adjusted p, N 928; low-cash gift mean.", "source": "bfy:employment-ssr" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mother's total hours worked per week at all jobs", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.999, "se": 1.486, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.179, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 17.426, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 18.489, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 2, 'Mother's total hours worked per week at all jobs': coefficient with covariates (SE), p, N 749 (a survey administration error skipped hours for about 168 early respondents not working). Same numbers in bfy:nber-w30379 Table 2.", "source": "pmid:36798246" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mother's total hours worked per week at all jobs", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.217, "se": 1.45, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 17.426, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 18.489, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 2, same row: coefficient without covariates (SE), N 749; the printed p-value is for the covariate model. Same numbers in bfy:nber-w30379 Table 2.", "source": "pmid:36798246" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Number of hours worked for pay per week in past month", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.95, "se": 1.24, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.11, "p_text": "Westfall-Young adjusted p = .71", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 14.65, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 3, 'Number of hours worked for pay per week in past month': OLS ITT with FE and covariates (SE), effect size -.10, p, adjusted p, N 922; low-cash gift mean. The text file renders the minus sign as '2' ('21.95', '2.10').", "source": "bfy:employment-ssr" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mother's average monthly earned income (2019 dollars)", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "USD", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 15.224, "se": 44.197, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.731, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 600.961, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 596.615, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 1, 'Mother's average monthly earned income': OLS with covariates (SE), p, N 922; group means. Same numbers in bfy:nber-w30379 Table 1.", "source": "pmid:36798246" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mother's average monthly earned income (2019 dollars)", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "USD", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 4.063, "se": 45.157, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 600.961, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 596.615, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 1, same row: OLS without covariates (SE), N 922; the printed p-value is for the covariate model. Same numbers in bfy:nber-w30379 Table 1.", "source": "pmid:36798246" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 2 (child's second birthday, July 2020-July 2021)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (perceived stress index); 9 items at ages 1 and 2 because one item was omitted", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.45, "se": null, "lower": -0.34, "upper": 1.24, "level": 95, "p": 0.26, "p_text": "Westfall-Young adjusted p = 0.43", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 377, "mean": 10.73, "sd": 5.98, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 543, "mean": 10.32, "sd": 6.19, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5, Panel 3, 'Perceived stress index', Age 2: effect (95% CI), p (WY p), N 920; arm N and mean (SD) from Table 3. bfy:wellbeing-ssrn Tables 2 and 3 print the same numbers.", "source": "pmid:40804074" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 2 (child's second birthday, July 2020-July 2021)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (perceived stress index); 9 items at ages 1 and 2 because one item was omitted; registry outcome 'Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)'", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.452, "se": 1.13, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.26, "p_text": "registry-posted p-value; registry says 'We report adjusted p-values'", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 377, "mean": 10.735, "sd": 5.981, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 543, "mean": 10.319, "sd": 6.187, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome 'Family and Maternal Perceived Stress: Perceived Stress', time frame 'Age 24 months': OLS slope with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, its SE, and the posted p-value; arm counts, means (SD).", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 2 (child's second birthday, July 2020-July 2021)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8), score 0-24", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.33, "se": null, "lower": -0.2, "upper": 0.86, "level": 95, "p": 0.22, "p_text": "Westfall-Young adjusted p = 0.43", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 376, "mean": 3.21, "sd": 4.26, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 543, "mean": 2.94, "sd": 3.91, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5, Panel 3, 'Maternal depression (PHQ-8)', Age 2: effect (95% CI), p (WY p), N 919; arm N and mean (SD) from Table 3. bfy:wellbeing-ssrn Tables 2 and 3 print the same numbers.", "source": "pmid:40804074" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 2 (child's second birthday, July 2020-July 2021)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8), score 0-24", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.328, "se": 1.22, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.32, "p_text": "registry-posted p-value; registry says 'We report adjusted p-values'", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 376, "mean": 3.207, "sd": 4.258, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 543, "mean": 2.939, "sd": 3.91, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome 'Maternal Mental Health: Index of Maternal Depression', time frame 'Age 24 months': OLS slope with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, its SE, and the posted p-value; arm counts, means (SD). The dispersion 1.220 is labelled 'STANDARD_DEVIATION' in the posted analysis, while the comment calls it the standard error.", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 2 (child's second birthday, July 2020-July 2021)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "GAD-7", "measure": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), score 0-21", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.3, "se": null, "lower": -0.22, "upper": 0.82, "level": 95, "p": 0.26, "p_text": "Westfall-Young adjusted p = 0.43", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 376, "mean": 2.78, "sd": 4.14, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 543, "mean": 2.49, "sd": 3.81, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5, Panel 3, 'Maternal anxiety (GAD-7)', Age 2: effect (95% CI), p (WY p), N 919; arm N and mean (SD) from Table 3. bfy:wellbeing-ssrn Tables 2 and 3 print the same numbers.", "source": "pmid:40804074" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 2 (child's second birthday, July 2020-July 2021)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "GAD-7", "measure": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), score 0-21", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.299, "se": 1.13, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.32, "p_text": "registry-posted p-value; registry says 'We report adjusted p-values'", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 376, "mean": 2.782, "sd": 4.139, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 543, "mean": 2.494, "sd": 3.805, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome 'Maternal Mental Health: Index of Maternal Anxiety', time frame 'Age 24 months': OLS slope with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, its SE, and the posted p-value; arm counts, means (SD).", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 2 (child's second birthday, July 2020-July 2021)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Maternal Global Happiness (single General Social Survey item, group mean); registry outcome 'Maternal Happiness and Optimism: Global Happiness'", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.022, "se": 0.1, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.689, "p_text": "registry-posted p-value; registry says 'We report adjusted p-values'", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 373, "mean": 1.214, "sd": 0.716, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 540, "mean": 1.244, "sd": 0.71, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome 'Maternal Happiness and Optimism: Global Happiness', time frame 'Age 24 months': OLS slope with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, its SE, and the posted p-value; arm counts, means (SD).", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 3 (child's third birthday, July 2021-July 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-10", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (perceived stress index), 10 items at age 3 (the omitted item was added back)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.75, "se": null, "lower": -0.14, "upper": 1.65, "level": 95, "p": 0.1, "p_text": "Westfall-Young adjusted p = 0.27", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 379, "mean": 13.32, "sd": 6.69, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 542, "mean": 12.54, "sd": 7.41, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5, Panel 3, 'Perceived stress index', Age 3: effect (95% CI), p (WY p), N 921; arm N and mean (SD) from Table 3. bfy:wellbeing-ssrn Tables 2 and 3 print the same numbers.", "source": "pmid:40804074" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 3 (child's third birthday, July 2021-July 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived stress index, 9-item version (items common to all ages)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 379, "mean": 11.59, "sd": 6.07, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 542, "mean": 10.91, "sd": 6.84, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 3, 'Perceived stress index (9-item)', Age 3: arm N and mean (SD); no effect printed in the text (common-item impacts are in Supplementary Table 9, not in the file). bfy:wellbeing-ssrn Tables 2 and 3 print the same numbers.", "source": "pmid:40804074" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 3 (child's third birthday, July 2021-July 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-10", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (perceived stress index), 10 items at age 3 (the omitted item was added back); registry outcome 'Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)', registry states minimum 0, maximum 32", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.752, "se": 0.456, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.111, "p_text": "registry-posted p-value; registry says 'We report adjusted p-values'", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 379, "mean": 13.317, "sd": 6.694, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 542, "mean": 12.535, "sd": 7.41, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome 'Family and Maternal Perceived Stress: Perceived Stress', time frame 'Age 36 months': OLS slope with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, its SE, and the posted p-value; arm counts, means (SD).", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 3 (child's third birthday, July 2021-July 2022)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8), score 0-24", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.03, "se": null, "lower": -0.56, "upper": 0.5, "level": 95, "p": 0.91, "p_text": "Westfall-Young adjusted p = 0.99", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 378, "mean": 3.23, "sd": 3.96, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 541, "mean": 3.42, "sd": 4.63, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5, Panel 3, 'Maternal depression (PHQ-8)', Age 3: effect (95% CI), p (WY p), N 919; arm N and mean (SD) from Table 3. bfy:wellbeing-ssrn Tables 2 and 3 print the same numbers.", "source": "pmid:40804074" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 3 (child's third birthday, July 2021-July 2022)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8), score 0-24", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.03, "se": 0.271, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.991, "p_text": "registry-posted p-value; registry says 'We report adjusted p-values'", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 378, "mean": 3.23, "sd": 3.957, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 541, "mean": 3.416, "sd": 4.629, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome 'Maternal Mental Health: Index of Maternal Depression', time frame 'Age 36 months': OLS slope with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, its SE, and the posted p-value; arm counts, means (SD).", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 3 (child's third birthday, July 2021-July 2022)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "GAD-7", "measure": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), score 0-21", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.17, "se": null, "lower": -0.34, "upper": 0.69, "level": 95, "p": 0.51, "p_text": "Westfall-Young adjusted p = 0.81", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 379, "mean": 3.06, "sd": 4.0, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 542, "mean": 3.07, "sd": 4.36, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5, Panel 3, 'Maternal anxiety (GAD-7)', Age 3: effect (95% CI), p (WY p), N 921; arm N and mean (SD) from Table 3. bfy:wellbeing-ssrn Tables 2 and 3 print the same numbers.", "source": "pmid:40804074" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 3 (child's third birthday, July 2021-July 2022)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "GAD-7", "measure": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), score 0-21; registry 'Index 1 of Maternal Anxiety'", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.173, "se": 0.263, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.809, "p_text": "registry-posted p-value; registry says 'We report adjusted p-values'", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 379, "mean": 3.063, "sd": 4, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 542, "mean": 3.068, "sd": 4.363, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome 'Maternal Mental Health: Index 1 of Maternal Anxiety', time frame 'Age 36 months': OLS slope with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, its SE, and the posted p-value; arm counts, means (SD).", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 3 (child's third birthday, July 2021-July 2022)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Beck Anxiety Inventory (21 items)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.04, "se": null, "lower": -1.02, "upper": 0.93, "level": 95, "p": 0.93, "p_text": "Westfall-Young adjusted p = 0.99", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 377, "mean": 5.03, "sd": 7.42, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 542, "mean": 5.26, "sd": 8.17, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5, Panel 3, 'Maternal anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory)', Age 3: effect (95% CI), p (WY p), N 919; arm N and mean (SD) from Table 3. bfy:wellbeing-ssrn Tables 2 and 3 print the same numbers.", "source": "pmid:40804074" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 3 (child's third birthday, July 2021-July 2022)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Beck Anxiety Inventory (21 items); registry 'Index 2 of Maternal Anxiety', score 0-44", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.044, "se": 0.497, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.991, "p_text": "registry-posted p-value; registry says 'We report adjusted p-values'", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 377, "mean": 5.029, "sd": 7.423, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 542, "mean": 5.262, "sd": 8.173, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome 'Maternal Mental Health: Index 2 of Maternal Anxiety', time frame 'Age 36 months': OLS slope with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, its SE, and the posted p-value; arm counts, means (SD).", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 3 (child's third birthday, July 2021-July 2022)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Maternal Global Happiness (single General Social Survey item, group mean); registry outcome 'Global Happiness', score 1-3, higher is better", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.116, "se": 0.045, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.024, "p_text": "registry-posted p-value; registry says 'We report adjusted p-values'", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 377, "mean": 1.172, "sd": 0.684, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 542, "mean": 1.271, "sd": 0.656, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome 'Maternal Happiness and Optimism: Global Happiness', time frame 'Age 36 months': OLS slope with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, its SE, and the posted p-value; arm counts, means (SD).", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "GAD-7", "measure": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), score 0-21", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.57, "se": null, "lower": -0.1, "upper": 1.24, "level": 95, "p": 0.09, "p_text": "Westfall-Young adjusted P = .15", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": 5.1, "sd": 5.02, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": 4.59, "sd": 4.91, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 2, 'GAD-7 total score': regression-adjusted difference (95% CI), standardized effect 0.12 (-0.02 to 0.25), P, WY P, No. 883; group mean (SD). Arm n from Figure 2 (CONSORT) in bfy:health-jamaped, which prints the same Table 2.", "source": "pmid:40522644" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "GAD-7", "measure": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), score 0-21", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.581, "se": 0.335, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.124, "p_text": "registry-posted p-value; registry says 'We report adjusted p-values'", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": 5.095, "sd": 5.02, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": 4.594, "sd": 4.908, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome 'Maternal Mental Health: Index of Maternal Anxiety', time frame 'Age 48 months': OLS slope with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, its SE, and the posted p-value; arm counts, means (SD).", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8), score 0-24", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.21, "se": null, "lower": -0.42, "upper": 0.84, "level": 95, "p": 0.51, "p_text": "Westfall-Young adjusted P = .50", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": 4.46, "sd": 4.61, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": 4.21, "sd": 4.95, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 2, 'PHQ-8 total score': regression-adjusted difference (95% CI), standardized effect 0.04 (-0.08 to 0.17), P, WY P, No. 883; group mean (SD). Arm n from Figure 2 (CONSORT) in bfy:health-jamaped, which prints the same Table 2.", "source": "pmid:40522644" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8), score 0-24", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.258, "se": 0.315, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.396, "p_text": "registry-posted p-value; registry says 'We report adjusted p-values'", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": 4.465, "sd": 4.607, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": 4.212, "sd": 4.954, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome 'Maternal Mental Health: Index of Maternal Depression', time frame 'Age 48 months': OLS slope with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, its SE, and the posted p-value; arm counts, means (SD).", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "GAD-7", "measure": "Meets mild GAD-7 threshold or higher (score above 5)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.057, "se": null, "lower": -0.005, "upper": 0.119, "level": 95, "p": 0.07, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.438 }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.39 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "eTable 2 (Supplement 2), Panel A, 'Meets Mild GAD-7 Threshold or Higher': average marginal effect from logistic regression with site fixed effects and covariates (95% CI), P value, N 883; group means. Exploratory outcome. Arm n from Figure 2.", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "GAD-7", "measure": "Meets moderate GAD-7 threshold or higher (score above 10)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.046, "se": null, "lower": -0.005, "upper": 0.096, "level": 95, "p": 0.08, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.198 }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.157 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "eTable 2 (Supplement 2), Panel A, 'Meets Moderate GAD-7 Threshold or Higher': average marginal effect from logistic regression with site fixed effects and covariates (95% CI), P value, N 883; group means. Exploratory outcome. Arm n from Figure 2.", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "anxiety", "instrument": "GAD-7", "measure": "Meets severe GAD-7 threshold (score above 15)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.009, "se": null, "lower": -0.023, "upper": 0.042, "level": 95, "p": 0.57, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.068 }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.058 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "eTable 2 (Supplement 2), Panel A, 'Meets Severe GAD-7 Threshold': average marginal effect from logistic regression with site fixed effects and covariates (95% CI), P value, N 883; group means. Exploratory outcome. Arm n from Figure 2.", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Meets mild PHQ-8 threshold or higher (score above 5)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.069, "se": null, "lower": 0.008, "upper": 0.13, "level": 95, "p": 0.03, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.386 }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.326 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "eTable 2 (Supplement 2), Panel A, 'Meets Mild PHQ-8 Threshold or Higher': average marginal effect from logistic regression with site fixed effects and covariates (95% CI), P value, N 883; group means. Exploratory outcome. Arm n from Figure 2.", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Meets moderate PHQ-8 threshold or higher (score above 10)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.005, "se": null, "lower": -0.042, "upper": 0.051, "level": 95, "p": 0.85, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.149 }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.138 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "eTable 2 (Supplement 2), Panel A, 'Meets Moderate PHQ-8 Threshold or Higher': average marginal effect from logistic regression with site fixed effects and covariates (95% CI), P value, N 883; group means. Exploratory outcome. Arm n from Figure 2.", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Meets moderately severe PHQ-8 threshold or higher (score above 15)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.021, "se": null, "lower": -0.051, "upper": 0.01, "level": 95, "p": 0.18, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.041 }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.054 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "eTable 2 (Supplement 2), Panel A, 'Meets Moderately Severe PHQ-8 Threshold or Higher': average marginal effect from logistic regression with site fixed effects and covariates (95% CI), P value, N 883; group means. Exploratory outcome. Arm n from Figure 2.", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "depression", "instrument": "PHQ-8", "measure": "Meets severe PHQ-8 threshold (score above 20)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.015, "se": null, "lower": -0.035, "upper": 0.004, "level": 95, "p": 0.13, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 368, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.005 }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.017 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "eTable 2 (Supplement 2), Panel A, 'Meets Severe PHQ-8 Threshold': average marginal effect from logistic regression with site fixed effects and covariates (95% CI), P value, N 883; group means. Exploratory outcome. Arm n from Figure 2.", "source": "bfy:health-jamaped" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mother's labor market participation (registry: 1 = participating in the labor market, 0 = not)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.009, "se": 0.033, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.792, "p_text": "registry-posted p-value; registry says 'We report adjusted p-values'", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 372, "mean": null, "sd": 0.498, "proportion": 0.551 }, "control": { "n": 515, "mean": null, "sd": 0.497, "proportion": 0.561 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome 'Mother's Labor Market and Education Participation: Mother's Labor Market Participation', time frame 'Age 48 months': OLS slope with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, its SE, and the posted p-value; arm counts, means (SD). Group means of the 0/1 variable entered as proportions, with the posted SDs.", "source": "NCT03593356" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mother's earnings in the previous calendar year (non-inflation adjusted)", "binary": false, "per": "year", "currency": "USD", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1848.499, "se": 1299.053, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.79, "p_text": "registry-posted p-value; registry says 'We report adjusted p-values'", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": 352, "mean": 14560.832, "sd": 15161.621, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 488, "mean": 16824.808, "sd": 22972.437, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "ClinicalTrials.gov posted results, outcome 'Mother's Labor Market and Education Participation: Maternal Earnings', time frame 'Age 48 months': OLS slope with site fixed effects and baseline covariates, its SE, and the posted p-value; arm counts, means (SD).", "source": "NCT03593356" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)", "randomized_treated": 400, "randomized_control": 600, "responded_treated": 383, "responded_control": 548, "where": "Appendix Figure 1 (CONSORT, age 1): 'Age 1 Data collected' 383 high-cash, 548 low-cash of 400 and 600 randomized; same counts as 'COMPLETED' in the registry participant flow (Age 1 Wave).", "source": "bfy:wellbeing-ssrn" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 2 (child's second birthday, July 2020-July 2021)", "randomized_treated": 400, "randomized_control": 600, "responded_treated": 377, "responded_control": 545, "where": "Appendix Figure 1 (CONSORT, age 2): data collected 377 high-cash, 545 low-cash; registry participant flow (Age 2 Wave) shows the same.", "source": "bfy:wellbeing-ssrn" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 3 (child's third birthday, July 2021-July 2022)", "randomized_treated": 400, "randomized_control": 600, "responded_treated": 380, "responded_control": 542, "where": "Appendix Figure 1 (CONSORT, age 3; the box is mislabelled 'Age 2 Data collected'): 380 high-cash, 542 low-cash; registry participant flow (Age 3 Wave) shows the same.", "source": "bfy:wellbeing-ssrn" }, { "comparison": "T02-1", "wave": "Age 4 (48 months after randomization, July 2022-August 2023)", "randomized_treated": 400, "randomized_control": 600, "responded_treated": 374, "responded_control": 517, "where": "Results text: 374 of 395 eligible high-cash and 517 of 589 eligible low-cash provided data (Figure 2 CONSORT in bfy:health-jamaped: valid data 374 and 517). The registry participant flow (Age 4 Wave) shows 375 and 517 completed.", "source": "pmid:40522644" } ], "notes": "Comparison is the $333 high-cash gift vs the $20 low-cash gift; all outcomes are the mothers'. Sources: ages 1-3 mental health and stress from pmid:40804074 Tables 3 and 5 (bfy:wellbeing-ssrn prints the same numbers); age-1 work, earnings and happiness from pmid:36798246 Tables 1, 2 and 5 (bfy:nber-w30379 identical) and bfy:employment-ssr Table 3; age 4 from pmid:40522644 Table 2 and the supplement in bfy:health-jamaped. The ClinicalTrials.gov posted results (NCT03593356) print the same outcomes with more digits, their own SEs, and p-values the registry calls adjusted, so they are separate entries. Registry values copied as posted although some look wrong: SE 1.130 for perceived stress and GAD-7 at 24 months; 1.220 labelled 'STANDARD_DEVIATION' for the PHQ-8 at 24 months; Beck SDs at 12 months identical to the PHQ-8 SDs; registry happiness means 1 lower than pmid:36798246's. Where pmid:36798246 prints both an OLS and an OLS-with-covariates estimate, both are entered; its p-value belongs to the covariate model; the hours row prints p = 0.179, the same as the employment row. bfy:employment-ssr's text file renders minus signs as '2'; those values were entered with the minus sign. PSS is 9 items at ages 1-2 and 10 at age 3 (paper), so instrument is 'other' at ages 1-2. Left out: pooled ages 1-3 estimates and standardized effects (Tables 4-6); parenting stress index (parent aggravation and competence); economic stress index; HOPE agency; robustness analyses (weights, MICE, common items); registry months to labor market reentry; pmid:40726482's abstract (no overall differences in paid work or household earnings through age 4, reduced hours 'during the height of the pandemic in 2020-21') and pmid:38907028's abstract (no differences in paid work in the first 3 years), which do not match a single design wave. No full-time employment share is printed for any wave. Non-result files: bfy:mh-covid-imhj uses the low-cash group only." }, { "trial": "T13", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 10-item (K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.22, "se": 0.52, "lower": -2.13, "upper": -0.16, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "* p<0.05 (printed [-1.22]*)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 142, "mean": 19.55, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 230, "mean": 20.77, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 10 (Comparative Analysis), Kessler Psychological Distress, 6 months, Recurring monthly payment vs control: adjusted means (control, treated), mean difference, bootstrapped SE, 95% CI. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale, four-item", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.31, "se": 0.21, "lower": -0.48, "upper": 0.35, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 142, "mean": 6.89, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 230, "mean": 7.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 10 (Comparative Analysis), Perceived Stress, 6 months, Recurring monthly payment vs control: adjusted means (control, treated), mean difference, bootstrapped SE, 95% CI. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 10-item (K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.11, "se": 0.53, "lower": -2.12, "upper": 0.17, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "printed in brackets without a star ([-1.11])", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 132, "mean": 20.16, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 231, "mean": 21.27, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 10 (Comparative Analysis), Kessler Psychological Distress, 12 months, Recurring monthly payment vs control: adjusted means (control, treated), mean difference, bootstrapped SE, 95% CI. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale, four-item", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.05, "se": 0.23, "lower": -0.24, "upper": 0.64, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 132, "mean": 6.99, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 231, "mean": 7.04, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 10 (Comparative Analysis), Perceived Stress, 12 months, Recurring monthly payment vs control: adjusted means (control, treated), mean difference, bootstrapped SE, 95% CI. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 10-item (K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.2, "se": 0.53, "lower": -2.12, "upper": -0.02, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "* p<0.05 (printed [-1.20]*)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 157, "mean": 20.32, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 241, "mean": 21.52, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 10 (Comparative Analysis), Kessler Psychological Distress, 18 months, Recurring monthly payment vs control: adjusted means (control, treated), mean difference, bootstrapped SE, 95% CI. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale, four-item", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.17, "se": 0.2, "lower": -0.32, "upper": 0.47, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 157, "mean": 6.94, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 241, "mean": 7.11, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 10 (Comparative Analysis), Perceived Stress, 18 months, Recurring monthly payment vs control: adjusted means (control, treated), mean difference, bootstrapped SE, 95% CI. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, time of the last payment)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 10-item (K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.92, "se": 0.56, "lower": -1.92, "upper": 0.34, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "text: by 24 months the differences were no longer significant", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 168, "mean": 20.15, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 261, "mean": 21.07, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 10 (Comparative Analysis), Kessler Psychological Distress, 24 months, Recurring monthly payment vs control: adjusted means (control, treated), mean difference, bootstrapped SE, 95% CI. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, time of the last payment)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale, four-item", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.41, "se": 0.22, "lower": -0.59, "upper": 0.26, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 168, "mean": 6.81, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 261, "mean": 7.22, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 10 (Comparative Analysis), Perceived Stress, 24 months, Recurring monthly payment vs control: adjusted means (control, treated), mean difference, bootstrapped SE, 95% CI. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "30 months (April 2024, 6 months after the last payment)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 10-item (K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.36, "se": 0.63, "lower": -1.47, "upper": 1.11, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 165, "mean": 20.71, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 281, "mean": 21.07, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 10 (Comparative Analysis), Kessler Psychological Distress, 30 months, Recurring monthly payment vs control: adjusted means (control, treated), mean difference, bootstrapped SE, 95% CI. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "30 months (April 2024, 6 months after the last payment)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale, four-item", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.02, "se": 0.23, "lower": -0.24, "upper": 0.66, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 165, "mean": 7.15, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 281, "mean": 7.17, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 10 (Comparative Analysis), Perceived Stress, 30 months, Recurring monthly payment vs control: adjusted means (control, treated), mean difference, bootstrapped SE, 95% CI. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 10-item (K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.63, "se": 0.51, "lower": -1.1, "upper": 0.84, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "text: not statistically significant at any time point", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 151, "mean": 21.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 230, "mean": 20.77, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 10 (Comparative Analysis), Kessler Psychological Distress, 6 months, Lump-sum payment vs control: adjusted means (control, treated), mean difference, bootstrapped SE, 95% CI. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale, four-item", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.02, "se": 0.21, "lower": -0.3, "upper": 0.56, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 151, "mean": 7.22, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 230, "mean": 7.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 10 (Comparative Analysis), Perceived Stress, 6 months, Lump-sum payment vs control: adjusted means (control, treated), mean difference, bootstrapped SE, 95% CI. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 10-item (K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.58, "se": 0.6, "lower": -1.61, "upper": 0.77, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "text: not statistically significant at any time point", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 147, "mean": 21.85, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 231, "mean": 21.27, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 10 (Comparative Analysis), Kessler Psychological Distress, 12 months, Lump-sum payment vs control: adjusted means (control, treated), mean difference, bootstrapped SE, 95% CI. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale, four-item", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.38, "se": 0.21, "lower": 0.1, "upper": 0.91, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "* p<0.05 (printed [0.38]*)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 147, "mean": 7.42, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 231, "mean": 7.04, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 10 (Comparative Analysis), Perceived Stress, 12 months, Lump-sum payment vs control: adjusted means (control, treated), mean difference, bootstrapped SE, 95% CI. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 10-item (K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.73, "se": 0.53, "lower": -1.01, "upper": 1.04, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "text: not statistically significant at any time point", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 167, "mean": 22.25, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 241, "mean": 21.52, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 10 (Comparative Analysis), Kessler Psychological Distress, 18 months, Lump-sum payment vs control: adjusted means (control, treated), mean difference, bootstrapped SE, 95% CI. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale, four-item", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.22, "se": 0.22, "lower": -0.08, "upper": 0.75, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 167, "mean": 7.33, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 241, "mean": 7.11, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 10 (Comparative Analysis), Perceived Stress, 18 months, Lump-sum payment vs control: adjusted means (control, treated), mean difference, bootstrapped SE, 95% CI. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, time of the last payment)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 10-item (K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.71, "se": 0.53, "lower": -1.04, "upper": 0.93, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "text: not statistically significant at any time point", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 166, "mean": 21.78, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 261, "mean": 21.07, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 10 (Comparative Analysis), Kessler Psychological Distress, 24 months, Lump-sum payment vs control: adjusted means (control, treated), mean difference, bootstrapped SE, 95% CI. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, time of the last payment)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale, four-item", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.19, "se": 0.21, "lower": -0.12, "upper": 0.72, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 166, "mean": 7.41, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 261, "mean": 7.22, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 10 (Comparative Analysis), Perceived Stress, 24 months, Lump-sum payment vs control: adjusted means (control, treated), mean difference, bootstrapped SE, 95% CI. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "30 months (April 2024, 6 months after the last payment)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 10-item (K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.2, "se": 0.67, "lower": -0.71, "upper": 1.83, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "text: not statistically significant at any time point", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 163, "mean": 22.27, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 281, "mean": 21.07, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 10 (Comparative Analysis), Kessler Psychological Distress, 30 months, Lump-sum payment vs control: adjusted means (control, treated), mean difference, bootstrapped SE, 95% CI. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "30 months (April 2024, 6 months after the last payment)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale, four-item", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.42, "se": 0.22, "lower": 0.14, "upper": 0.96, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "* p<0.05 (printed [0.42]*)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 163, "mean": 7.59, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 281, "mean": 7.17, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 10 (Comparative Analysis), Perceived Stress, 30 months, Lump-sum payment vs control: adjusted means (control, treated), mean difference, bootstrapped SE, 95% CI. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 10-item (K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.1, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.03, "p_text": "B=-1.10, p=0.03", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 142, "mean": 19.55, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 230, "mean": 20.77, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Findings, Impacts on Mental Well-Being, Stress, and the Household Environment (recurring section, p. 34), text: 6 months B=-1.10, p=0.03 (M=19.55 vs 20.77). n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 10-item (K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.99, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.06, "p_text": "B=-0.99, p=0.06", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 132, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 231, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Findings, Impacts on Mental Well-Being, Stress, and the Household Environment (recurring section, p. 34), text: 12 months B=-0.99, p=0.06. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 10-item (K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.08, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.04, "p_text": "B=-1.08, p=0.04", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 157, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 241, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Findings, Impacts on Mental Well-Being, Stress, and the Household Environment (recurring section, p. 34), text: 18 months B=-1.08, p=0.04. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale, four-item", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.49, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.02, "p_text": "B=0.49, p=0.02", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 147, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 231, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Findings, Impacts on Mental Well-Being, Stress, and the Household Environment (lump-sum section, p. 49), text: end of the first year B=0.49, p=0.02. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "30 months (April 2024, 6 months after the last payment)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale, four-item", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.54, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.01, "p_text": "B=0.54, p=0.01", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 163, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 281, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Findings, Impacts on Mental Well-Being, Stress, and the Household Environment (lump-sum section, p. 49), text: 6 months after payments ended B=0.54, p=0.01. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Share reporting lower stress levels (Perceived Stress Scale category)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 142, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 35 }, "control": { "n": 230, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 27 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Recurring section text (p. 34): 'The proportion of recurring payment participants reporting lower stress levels ... (35% vs. 27% at 6 months; 29% vs. 25% at 12 months; 28% vs. 29% at 18 months; and 25% vs. 31% at 24 months)'. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Share reporting lower stress levels (Perceived Stress Scale category)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 132, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 29 }, "control": { "n": 231, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 25 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Recurring section text (p. 34): 'The proportion of recurring payment participants reporting lower stress levels ... (35% vs. 27% at 6 months; 29% vs. 25% at 12 months; 28% vs. 29% at 18 months; and 25% vs. 31% at 24 months)'. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Share reporting lower stress levels (Perceived Stress Scale category)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 157, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 28 }, "control": { "n": 241, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 29 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Recurring section text (p. 34): 'The proportion of recurring payment participants reporting lower stress levels ... (35% vs. 27% at 6 months; 29% vs. 25% at 12 months; 28% vs. 29% at 18 months; and 25% vs. 31% at 24 months)'. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, time of the last payment)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Share reporting lower stress levels (Perceived Stress Scale category)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 168, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 25 }, "control": { "n": 261, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 31 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Recurring section text (p. 34): 'The proportion of recurring payment participants reporting lower stress levels ... (35% vs. 27% at 6 months; 29% vs. 25% at 12 months; 28% vs. 29% at 18 months; and 25% vs. 31% at 24 months)'. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 142, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 9 }, "control": { "n": 230, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 12 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 5 (Employment Trends over Time, Recurring Payment vs. Control, in %), row 'Employed full time', 6 months; no star. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 151, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 15 }, "control": { "n": 230, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 12 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 8 (Employment over Time, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control, in %), row 'Employed full time', 6 months; no star. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 132, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 8 }, "control": { "n": 231, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 10 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 5 (Employment Trends over Time, Recurring Payment vs. Control, in %), row 'Employed full time', 12 months; no star. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 147, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 16 }, "control": { "n": 231, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 10 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 8 (Employment over Time, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control, in %), row 'Employed full time', 12 months; no star. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 157, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 10 }, "control": { "n": 241, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 10 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 5 (Employment Trends over Time, Recurring Payment vs. Control, in %), row 'Employed full time', 18 months; no star. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 167, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 15 }, "control": { "n": 241, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 10 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 8 (Employment over Time, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control, in %), row 'Employed full time', 18 months; no star. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, time of the last payment)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 168, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 10 }, "control": { "n": 261, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 9 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 5 (Employment Trends over Time, Recurring Payment vs. Control, in %), row 'Employed full time', 24 months; no star. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, time of the last payment)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 166, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 14 }, "control": { "n": 261, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 9 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 8 (Employment over Time, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control, in %), row 'Employed full time', 24 months; no star. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "30 months (April 2024, 6 months after the last payment)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 165, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 13 }, "control": { "n": 281, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 10 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 5 (Employment Trends over Time, Recurring Payment vs. Control, in %), row 'Employed full time', 30 months; no star. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "30 months (April 2024, 6 months after the last payment)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 163, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 14 }, "control": { "n": 281, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 10 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 8 (Employment over Time, Lump-Sum Payment vs. Control, in %), row 'Employed full time', 30 months; no star. n = Table 9 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 478, "responded_treated": 142, "responded_control": 230, "where": "Appendix Table 9 (Sample Attrition), 6 months; baseline 478 control, 200 recurring, 200 lump-sum.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 478, "responded_treated": 132, "responded_control": 231, "where": "Appendix Table 9 (Sample Attrition), 12 months; baseline 478 control, 200 recurring, 200 lump-sum.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 478, "responded_treated": 157, "responded_control": 241, "where": "Appendix Table 9 (Sample Attrition), 18 months; baseline 478 control, 200 recurring, 200 lump-sum.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, time of the last payment)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 478, "responded_treated": 168, "responded_control": 261, "where": "Appendix Table 9 (Sample Attrition), 24 months; baseline 478 control, 200 recurring, 200 lump-sum.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-1", "wave": "30 months (April 2024, 6 months after the last payment)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 478, "responded_treated": 165, "responded_control": 281, "where": "Appendix Table 9 (Sample Attrition), 30 months; baseline 478 control, 200 recurring, 200 lump-sum.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 478, "responded_treated": 151, "responded_control": 230, "where": "Appendix Table 9 (Sample Attrition), 6 months; baseline 478 control, 200 recurring, 200 lump-sum.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 478, "responded_treated": 147, "responded_control": 231, "where": "Appendix Table 9 (Sample Attrition), 12 months; baseline 478 control, 200 recurring, 200 lump-sum.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 478, "responded_treated": 167, "responded_control": 241, "where": "Appendix Table 9 (Sample Attrition), 18 months; baseline 478 control, 200 recurring, 200 lump-sum.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, time of the last payment)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 478, "responded_treated": 166, "responded_control": 261, "where": "Appendix Table 9 (Sample Attrition), 24 months; baseline 478 control, 200 recurring, 200 lump-sum.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" }, { "comparison": "T13-2", "wave": "30 months (April 2024, 6 months after the last payment)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 478, "responded_treated": 163, "responded_control": 281, "where": "Appendix Table 9 (Sample Attrition), 30 months; baseline 478 control, 200 recurring, 200 lump-sum.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ" } ], "notes": "Kessler is the 10-item scale and the Perceived Stress Scale the four-item version (Methods). Appendix Table 10 prints model-adjusted means and their difference per wave; the text's coefficients B (recurring distress at 6, 12, 18 months; lump-sum stress at 12 and 30 months) differ from Table 10's differences, by about the baseline difference, so both are entered. Recurring 12-month distress is printed as [-1.11] without a star (text p=0.06). No any-employment share is printed (Tables 5 and 8 give full-time, part-time or seasonal, self-employed and gig shares separately), so only full-time shares are entered; the executive summary says differences in full- and part-time employment were null for the recurring group and employment differences null for the lump-sum group. Recurring shares reporting lower stress come from the text, which says stress differences were not statistically significant; no 30-month share is given. Figure 10 prints the share 'likely mentally well' (lump-sum vs control) by wave, but the text layer does not show which value belongs to which arm, so it is left out. Missing data were imputed with MICE, so the models may have used more cases than the Table 9 respondents given as n. No earnings, hours, or life satisfaction results; household income only. cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ-2 (housing, parenting, education) has none of these outcomes." }, { "trial": "T15", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "6 months (June 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003); item count not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.16, "se": 0.66, "lower": -1.58, "upper": 0.99, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 203, "mean": 22.03, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 165, "mean": 22.19, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 15 (Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures), Kessler Psychological Distress, 6 months: adjusted means (treatment, control), estimated impact, 95% CI, robust SE. n = Table 16 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "6 months (June 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.17, "se": 0.27, "lower": -0.73, "upper": 0.33, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "text: no statistically significant differences observed", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 203, "mean": 7.79, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 165, "mean": 7.96, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 15 (Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures), Perceived Stress Levels, 6 months: adjusted means (treatment, control), estimated impact, 95% CI, robust SE. n = Table 16 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "12 months (December 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003); item count not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.28, "se": 0.67, "lower": -2.74, "upper": -0.01, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "* p<0.05 (printed [-1.28*])", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 203, "mean": 21.99, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 169, "mean": 23.27, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 15 (Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures), Kessler Psychological Distress, 12 months: adjusted means (treatment, control), estimated impact, 95% CI, robust SE. n = Table 16 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "12 months (December 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.13, "se": 0.27, "lower": -0.69, "upper": 0.35, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "text: no statistically significant differences observed", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 203, "mean": 7.59, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 169, "mean": 7.72, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 15 (Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures), Perceived Stress Levels, 12 months: adjusted means (treatment, control), estimated impact, 95% CI, robust SE. n = Table 16 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "18 months (June 2023, end of payments)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003); item count not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.19, "se": 0.7, "lower": -1.69, "upper": 1.05, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 217, "mean": 21.91, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 176, "mean": 22.1, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 15 (Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures), Kessler Psychological Distress, 18 months: adjusted means (treatment, control), estimated impact, 95% CI, robust SE. n = Table 16 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "18 months (June 2023, end of payments)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.21, "se": 0.27, "lower": -0.35, "upper": 0.69, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "text: no statistically significant differences observed", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 217, "mean": 7.87, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 176, "mean": 7.66, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 15 (Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures), Perceived Stress Levels, 18 months: adjusted means (treatment, control), estimated impact, 95% CI, robust SE. n = Table 16 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "24 months (January 2024, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003); item count not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.33, "se": 0.71, "lower": -1.86, "upper": 0.94, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 221, "mean": 22.3, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 180, "mean": 22.63, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 15 (Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures), Kessler Psychological Distress, 24 months: adjusted means (treatment, control), estimated impact, 95% CI, robust SE. n = Table 16 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "24 months (January 2024, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.17, "se": 0.27, "lower": -0.39, "upper": 0.67, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "text: no statistically significant differences observed", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 221, "mean": 7.78, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 180, "mean": 7.61, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 15 (Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures), Perceived Stress Levels, 24 months: adjusted means (treatment, control), estimated impact, 95% CI, robust SE. n = Table 16 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "12 months (December 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003); item count not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.42, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.035, "p_text": "B=-1.42, p=0.035", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 203, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 169, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Quality of Life section text (p. 31): 'By the 12-month time point, a statistically significant attenuation in distress scores was observed in the treatment group (B=-1.42, p=0.035)'. n = Table 16 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "6 months (June 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 203, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 16 }, "control": { "n": 165, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 14 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 11 (Trends in Employment over Time, in %), row 'Employed FT', 6 months. n = Table 16 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "12 months (December 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 203, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 19 }, "control": { "n": 169, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 17 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 11 (Trends in Employment over Time, in %), row 'Employed FT', 12 months. n = Table 16 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "18 months (June 2023, end of payments)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 217, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 23 }, "control": { "n": 176, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 18 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 11 (Trends in Employment over Time, in %), row 'Employed FT', 18 months. n = Table 16 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "24 months (January 2024, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 221, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 26 }, "control": { "n": 180, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 18 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 11 (Trends in Employment over Time, in %), row 'Employed FT', 24 months. n = Table 16 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "6 months (June 2022)", "randomized_treated": 300, "randomized_control": 360, "responded_treated": 203, "responded_control": 165, "where": "Appendix B, Table 16 (Sample Attrition), 6 months; baseline 300 treatment, 360 control.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "12 months (December 2022)", "randomized_treated": 300, "randomized_control": 360, "responded_treated": 203, "responded_control": 169, "where": "Appendix B, Table 16 (Sample Attrition), 12 months; baseline 300 treatment, 360 control.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "18 months (June 2023, end of payments)", "randomized_treated": 300, "randomized_control": 360, "responded_treated": 217, "responded_control": 176, "where": "Appendix B, Table 16 (Sample Attrition), 18 months; baseline 300 treatment, 360 control.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" }, { "comparison": "T15-1", "wave": "24 months (January 2024, 6 months after payments ended)", "randomized_treated": 300, "randomized_control": 360, "responded_treated": 221, "responded_control": 180, "where": "Appendix B, Table 16 (Sample Attrition), 24 months; baseline 300 treatment, 360 control.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA" } ], "notes": "The report does not state the Kessler or PSS item counts; coded K10 because the Kessler means (about 22) are read as within the 'clinical threshold strata for mild mental disorder', and PSS-4 because means of about 7.5 to 8 with about 80% 'moderate to high stress' fit only the four-item version. Table 15 prints adjusted means and impacts; the text's 12-month distress coefficient (B=-1.42, p=0.035) differs from Table 15's -1.28, so both are entered. Text: about 80% of both groups had moderate to high stress at all time points (approximate, not entered). Table 11 prints only separate employment categories (full-time, part-time or seasonal, self-employed, gig), so no any-employment share; its '18 MONTHS*' header carries a star and the only starred cell is unemployed looking for work (12* vs 16). Text: regression estimates found no statistically significant differences between groups at any time point (said of unemployed job seekers). Missing data were imputed with MICE, so models may have used more cases than the Table 16 respondents given as n. No earnings, hours, or life satisfaction results." }, { "trial": "T17", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (cut-offs given: <20 likely well, 20-24 mild, 25-29 moderate)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.72, "se": 1.06, "lower": -2.8, "upper": 1.37, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "text: at no point were the two groups' Kessler scores significantly different", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 62, "mean": 21.19, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 56, "mean": 23.33, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 12 (Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures; columns control, treatment), Kessler Psychological Distress, 6 months: adjusted means, estimated impact, 95% CI, robust SE. n = Table 11 respondents. Table 5 prints the same means.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.15, "se": 0.45, "lower": -1.02, "upper": 0.72, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "text: average PSS scores not statistically significant at any point", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 62, "mean": 7.44, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 56, "mean": 7.66, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 12 (Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures; columns control, treatment), Perceived Stress Levels, 6 months: adjusted means, estimated impact, 95% CI, robust SE. n = Table 11 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (cut-offs given: <20 likely well, 20-24 mild, 25-29 moderate)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.9, "se": 1.26, "lower": -3.36, "upper": 1.57, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "text: at no point were the two groups' Kessler scores significantly different", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 89, "mean": 22.92, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 73, "mean": 25.23, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 12 (Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures; columns control, treatment), Kessler Psychological Distress, 12 months: adjusted means, estimated impact, 95% CI, robust SE. n = Table 11 respondents. Table 5 prints the same means.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.19, "se": 0.41, "lower": -1.0, "upper": 0.63, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "text: average PSS scores not statistically significant at any point", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 89, "mean": 7.9, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 73, "mean": 8.16, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 12 (Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures; columns control, treatment), Perceived Stress Levels, 12 months: adjusted means, estimated impact, 95% CI, robust SE. n = Table 11 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (cut-offs given: <20 likely well, 20-24 mild, 25-29 moderate)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.28, "se": 1.2, "lower": -1.07, "upper": 3.64, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "text: at no point were the two groups' Kessler scores significantly different", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 86, "mean": 24.47, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 68, "mean": 24.61, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 12 (Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures; columns control, treatment), Kessler Psychological Distress, 18 months: adjusted means, estimated impact, 95% CI, robust SE. n = Table 11 respondents. Table 5 prints the same means.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.02, "se": 0.43, "lower": -0.84, "upper": 0.87, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "text: average PSS scores not statistically significant at any point", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 86, "mean": 8.12, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 68, "mean": 8.17, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 12 (Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures; columns control, treatment), Perceived Stress Levels, 18 months: adjusted means, estimated impact, 95% CI, robust SE. n = Table 11 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (cut-offs given: <20 likely well, 20-24 mild, 25-29 moderate)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.46, "se": 1.24, "lower": -1.97, "upper": 2.9, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "text: at no point were the two groups' Kessler scores significantly different", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 84, "mean": 23.5, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 66, "mean": 24.45, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 12 (Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures; columns control, treatment), Kessler Psychological Distress, 24 months: adjusted means, estimated impact, 95% CI, robust SE. n = Table 11 respondents. Table 5 prints the same means.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.13, "se": 0.47, "lower": -1.04, "upper": 0.79, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "text: average PSS scores not statistically significant at any point", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 84, "mean": 7.9, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 66, "mean": 8.1, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 12 (Comparative Analysis of Select Outcome Measures; columns control, treatment), Perceived Stress Levels, 24 months: adjusted means, estimated impact, 95% CI, robust SE. n = Table 11 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 62, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 22 }, "control": { "n": 56, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 23 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 4 (Employment Trends over Time, Treatment vs. Control, %), row 'Employed full time', 6 months. n = Table 11 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 89, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 26 }, "control": { "n": 73, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 25 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 4 (Employment Trends over Time, Treatment vs. Control, %), row 'Employed full time', 12 months. n = Table 11 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 86, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 25 }, "control": { "n": 68, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 28 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 4 (Employment Trends over Time, Treatment vs. Control, %), row 'Employed full time', 18 months. n = Table 11 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 84, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 33 }, "control": { "n": 66, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 30 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 4 (Employment Trends over Time, Treatment vs. Control, %), row 'Employed full time', 24 months. n = Table 11 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "6 months (April 2022)", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": 62, "responded_control": 56, "where": "Appendix A, Table 11 (Sample Attrition; titled 'in %' but printing counts), 6 months; baseline 110 treatment, 132 control.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "12 months (October 2022)", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": 89, "responded_control": 73, "where": "Appendix A, Table 11 (Sample Attrition; titled 'in %' but printing counts), 12 months; baseline 110 treatment, 132 control.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "18 months (April 2023)", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": 86, "responded_control": 68, "where": "Appendix A, Table 11 (Sample Attrition; titled 'in %' but printing counts), 18 months; baseline 110 treatment, 132 control.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" }, { "comparison": "T17-1", "wave": "24 months (October 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": 84, "responded_control": 66, "where": "Appendix A, Table 11 (Sample Attrition; titled 'in %' but printing counts), 24 months; baseline 110 treatment, 132 control.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI" } ], "notes": "Table 12's estimated impacts do not equal the differences between its printed adjusted means; they match those differences less the baseline difference (baseline Kessler 23.90 vs 25.32). Kessler coded K10 from the cut-offs given (<20 likely well, 20-24 mild, 25-29 moderate); PSS item count not stated, coded PSS-4 because means of 7 to 9 are read as moderate perceived stress. Table 4 prints separate employment categories only (full-time, part-time or seasonal, self-employed, gig), so no any-employment share; no tests are printed for employment. Missing data were imputed with MICE, so models may have used more cases than the Table 11 respondents given as n. No earnings, hours, or life satisfaction results." }, { "trial": "T22", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "6 months (May 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.06, "se": 0.39, "lower": -1.83, "upper": -0.29, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "** p<0.01 (printed [-1.06]**)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 102, "mean": 6.9, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 99, "mean": 7.95, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 4 (Comparative Analysis; columns control, treatment), Perceived Stress Levels, 6 months: regression-adjusted means (GEE), mean difference, 95% CI, SE. n = Table 3 respondents. The text (p. 37) prints the same means.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "6 months (May 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003); item count not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.26, "se": 0.91, "lower": -3.04, "upper": 0.52, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 102, "mean": 22.03, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 99, "mean": 23.29, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 4 (Comparative Analysis; columns control, treatment), Kessler Psychological Distress, 6 months: regression-adjusted means (GEE), mean difference, 95% CI, SE. n = Table 3 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "12 months (November 2022, as the cash ended)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.26, "se": 0.41, "lower": -1.07, "upper": 0.54, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 99, "mean": 6.93, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 106, "mean": 7.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 4 (Comparative Analysis; columns control, treatment), Perceived Stress Levels, 12 months: regression-adjusted means (GEE), mean difference, 95% CI, SE. n = Table 3 respondents. The text (p. 37) prints the same means.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "12 months (November 2022, as the cash ended)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003); item count not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.57, "se": 0.97, "lower": -2.49, "upper": 1.35, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 99, "mean": 22.05, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 106, "mean": 22.62, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 4 (Comparative Analysis; columns control, treatment), Kessler Psychological Distress, 12 months: regression-adjusted means (GEE), mean difference, 95% CI, SE. n = Table 3 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "18 months (May 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.51, "se": 0.4, "lower": -1.31, "upper": 0.29, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 94, "mean": 6.91, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 96, "mean": 7.42, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 4 (Comparative Analysis; columns control, treatment), Perceived Stress Levels, 18 months: regression-adjusted means (GEE), mean difference, 95% CI, SE. n = Table 3 respondents. The text (p. 37) prints the same means.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "18 months (May 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003); item count not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.02, "se": 1.04, "lower": -1.9, "upper": 1.94, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 94, "mean": 22.95, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 96, "mean": 22.93, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix B, Table 4 (Comparative Analysis; columns control, treatment), Kessler Psychological Distress, 18 months: regression-adjusted means (GEE), mean difference, 95% CI, SE. n = Table 3 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "18 months (May 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003); item count not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.02, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "text: overall distress levels showed no significant difference from the control", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 94, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 96, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Psychological well-being text (p. 37): 'by 18 months ... overall distress levels showed no significant difference from the control (mean difference=-0.02)'; Table 4 prints 0.02. n = Table 3 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "6 months (May 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time (self-reported employment status)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.03, "p_text": "x2=4.59, p=0.03", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": 102, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 65 }, "control": { "n": 99, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 50 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Employment section text (p. 40): '65% vs. 50% at 6 months (x2=4.59, p=0.03)'. Figure 4 is a chart. n = Table 3 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "12 months (November 2022, as the cash ended)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time (self-reported employment status)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 99, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 62 }, "control": { "n": 106, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 55 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Employment section text (p. 40): '62% vs. 55% at 12 months, and 66% vs. 50% at 18 months'; no test printed. n = Table 3 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "18 months (May 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full time (self-reported employment status)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 94, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 66 }, "control": { "n": 96, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 50 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Employment section text (p. 40): '62% vs. 55% at 12 months, and 66% vs. 50% at 18 months'; no test printed. n = Table 3 respondents.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "6 months (May 2022)", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": 102, "responded_control": 99, "where": "Appendix A, Table 3 (Sample Attrition), 6 months; baseline 110 treatment, 132 control.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "12 months (November 2022, as the cash ended)", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": 99, "responded_control": 106, "where": "Appendix A, Table 3 (Sample Attrition), 12 months; baseline 110 treatment, 132 control.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" }, { "comparison": "T22-1", "wave": "18 months (May 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": 94, "responded_control": 96, "where": "Appendix A, Table 3 (Sample Attrition), 18 months; baseline 110 treatment, 132 control.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" } ], "notes": "The text gives the 18-month Kessler mean difference as -0.02 while Table 4 prints 0.02; both entered. The 6-month Kessler difference (-1.26) is called a notable decrease in the text, but Table 4 shows no star and its CI includes zero. Kessler coded K10 (means about 23 read as mild mental distress); PSS item count not stated, coded PSS-4 from the score range (means about 7 to 8). Full-time employment shares come from the text (Figure 4 is a chart); the text says the treatment group was significantly more likely to be employed at every time point but prints a test only at baseline (57% vs 42%, x2=5.24, p=0.02, a baseline imbalance) and 6 months. No any-employment share is printed. Missing data were imputed with MICE, so models may have used more cases than the Table 3 respondents given as n. No earnings, hours, or life satisfaction results." }, { "trial": "T23", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T23-1", "wave": "Wave 3 (April 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.53, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "statistically non-significant (text)", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Housing and health text (p. 32): 'The observed mean difference at Wave 3 was 0.53, indicating a negative direction (i.e., marginally increased stress) for the treatment group'; the paragraph calls the changes statistically non-significant.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-UlsterCounty-NY" }, { "comparison": "T23-1", "wave": "Wave 4 / endline (October 2022, shortly after the GI ended)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.1, "se": 1.61, "lower": -3.77, "upper": 2.62, "level": 95, "p": 0.72, "p_text": "p from regression controlling for baseline", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 39, "mean": 20.54, "sd": 8.86, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 41, "mean": 20.44, "sd": 10.32, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix B (Comparison of Treatment vs. Control Groups at Baseline and Endline), row 'Kessler': sample sizes, endline means, SDs, mean difference (Wave 4), 95% CI, p-value (from linear regression controlling for baseline values), SE. Baseline means 22.00 treatment, 21.02 control.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-UlsterCounty-NY" }, { "comparison": "T23-1", "wave": "Wave 4 / endline (October 2022, shortly after the GI ended)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale; item count not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.24, "se": 0.42, "lower": -0.43, "upper": 1.25, "level": 95, "p": 0.34, "p_text": "p from regression controlling for baseline", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 40, "mean": 8.85, "sd": 1.76, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 41, "mean": 8.61, "sd": 2.08, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix B (Comparison of Treatment vs. Control Groups at Baseline and Endline), row 'Perceived Stress': sample sizes, endline means, SDs, mean difference (Wave 4), 95% CI, p-value (from linear regression controlling for baseline values), SE. Baseline means 7.80 treatment, 6.80 control.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-UlsterCounty-NY" }, { "comparison": "T23-1", "wave": "Wave 4 / endline (October 2022, shortly after the GI ended)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full- or part-time (combined percentage)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 32, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 75 }, "control": { "n": 34, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 59 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Employment text (p. 24): 'the higher combined percentage of full- and part-time employed in the treatment group (75%) compared to the control group (59%) by Wave 4'; n from Table 3 note ('For employment: Treatment=32, Control=34'). No test printed.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-UlsterCounty-NY" }, { "comparison": "T23-1", "wave": "Wave 4 / endline (October 2022, shortly after the GI ended)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed Full-Time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 32, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 59 }, "control": { "n": 34, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 47 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 3 (Change in Employment Status), Endline row, 'Employed Full-Time' (treatment 59%, control 47%); n from the table note. No test printed.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-UlsterCounty-NY" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T23-1", "wave": "Wave 3 (April 2022)", "randomized_treated": 61, "randomized_control": 84, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Methods: study enrolled 61 treatment and 84 control (the program paid 100 households); no Wave 3 response counts printed; attrition 'especially in the control group during Waves 2 and 3'.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-UlsterCounty-NY" }, { "comparison": "T23-1", "wave": "Wave 4 / endline (October 2022, shortly after the GI ended)", "randomized_treated": 61, "randomized_control": 84, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "No overall Wave 4 response counts printed; complete-case analytic samples vary by measure (Appendix B): Kessler 39/41, Perceived Stress 40/41, SF-36 42/47; employment 32/34 (Table 3).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-UlsterCounty-NY" } ], "notes": "Project Resilience research sample: 61 treatment, 84 control enrolled; the program paid 100 households. Complete-case analysis, so n differ by measure. Appendix B's mean difference equals the raw difference in endline means (so kind 'difference', adjusted false), its p-value comes from a regression controlling for baseline, and its CI is not centred on the difference. Wave 3 has only the text's Kessler mean difference (0.53). Any-employment share is the combined full- and part-time percentage printed in the text; the text says treatment part-time was 19% at Wave 4 while Table 3 shows 16%. PSS item count not stated; coded PSS-4 from the score range (means 7 to 9, SD about 2). Appendix A is a figure only. No earnings, hours, or life satisfaction results (household income only)." }, { "trial": "T31", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T31-1", "wave": "6-month two-question tracking survey", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Full-time work (two-question tracking survey; direction only)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "ARISE participants reported a small but significant reduction in part-time employment, which was mostly offset by small increases in other types of work (e.g., full-time work, seasonal work, and caregiving)", "kind": null, "scale": null }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Callout box on p. 11 about the six-month tracking survey (sentence only; Exhibit 11 is a chart).", "source": "aei:alexandria" }, { "comparison": "T31-1", "wave": "12-month survey", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Working at the time of the 12-month survey, counting all types of employment", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 69 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 70 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Key findings text (p. 10): '69% of ARISE participants and 70% of control group members were working at the time of the 12-month survey'.", "source": "aei:alexandria" }, { "comparison": "T31-1", "wave": "12-month survey", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Full-time employment (12-month survey)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "At that time there were no significant differences between the two groups in rates of full-time employment, part-time employment, caregiving, or any other category of employment.", "kind": null, "scale": null }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Key findings text (p. 10), sentence only.", "source": "aei:alexandria" }, { "comparison": "T31-1", "wave": "12-month survey", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); version not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "They also reported marginally significantly lower scores than the control group on the Perceived Stress Scale (Exhibit 1 legend: * p < .10)", "kind": null, "scale": null }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Key findings text (p. 6), sentence only; Exhibits 1 and 8 are charts without numbers in the text file.", "source": "aei:alexandria" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T31-1", "wave": "6-month two-question tracking survey", "randomized_treated": null, "randomized_control": 210, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Randomized ARISE count not printed as one number: 170 selected for payments (p. 2) plus 14 'non-active' participants kept in the analysis (p. 5); analytic sample N=394; 210 control. Exhibit 7 (survey response rates) is a chart.", "source": "aei:alexandria" }, { "comparison": "T31-1", "wave": "12-month survey", "randomized_treated": null, "randomized_control": 210, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "As for the 6-month survey; Exhibit 7 (survey response rates) is a chart without numbers in the text file.", "source": "aei:alexandria" } ], "notes": "Year-one brief: exhibit numbers are charts not in the text file, so most results are sentences. Impacts are differences in means with statistical adjustments for attrition (p. 5). Left out: household income about -$4,500 at 12 months (household income, not earnings); hours, which the text only infers from income and employment; 'some measures of mental health' said to be unaffected (unnamed); Household Chaos and Adult Hope scales." }, { "trial": "T33", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "Mid-pilot (6 months, September 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; version not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Survey results are generally consistent with these positive findings, but we found no statistically significant differences between the SGIP parents and the control group over the course of the pilot (Exhibit 9)", "kind": null, "scale": null }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Chapter 3, Psychological Distress (p. 18), sentence only; Exhibit 9 is a chart. Executive summary: during the pilot, differences were not statistically significant.", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "End-of-pilot (12 months, February 2023, last payment)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; version not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Survey results are generally consistent with these positive findings, but we found no statistically significant differences between the SGIP parents and the control group over the course of the pilot (Exhibit 9)", "kind": null, "scale": null }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Chapter 3, Psychological Distress (p. 18), sentence only; Exhibit 9 is a chart. Executive summary: during the pilot, differences were not statistically significant.", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "Mid-pilot (6 months, September 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived stress scale; version not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Survey results are generally consistent with these positive findings, but we found no statistically significant differences between the SGIP parents and the control group over the course of the pilot (Exhibit 9); Exhibit 9: SGIP Parents and Control Parents Experienced Similar Levels of Stress", "kind": null, "scale": null }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Chapter 3, Psychological Distress (p. 18) and Exhibit 9 title (bar charts show all three survey points); no numbers in the text file.", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "End-of-pilot (12 months, February 2023, last payment)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived stress scale; version not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Survey results are generally consistent with these positive findings, but we found no statistically significant differences between the SGIP parents and the control group over the course of the pilot (Exhibit 9); Exhibit 9: SGIP Parents and Control Parents Experienced Similar Levels of Stress", "kind": null, "scale": null }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Chapter 3, Psychological Distress (p. 18) and Exhibit 9 title (bar charts show all three survey points); no numbers in the text file.", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "Post-pilot (6 months after GI ended, August 2023)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived stress scale; version not stated", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Survey results are generally consistent with these positive findings, but we found no statistically significant differences between the SGIP parents and the control group over the course of the pilot (Exhibit 9); Exhibit 9: SGIP Parents and Control Parents Experienced Similar Levels of Stress", "kind": null, "scale": null }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Chapter 3, Psychological Distress (p. 18) and Exhibit 9 title (bar charts show all three survey points); no numbers in the text file.", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "Mid-pilot (6 months, September 2022)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Holding at least one job", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "When we examine the likelihood of holding one or more jobs, there are no significant differences between SGIP participants and the control group (Exhibit 22: SGIP Did Not Significantly Change the Proportion of Parents with At Least One Job)", "kind": null, "scale": null }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Chapter 6, Household Income (p. 35) and Exhibit 22 title; chart without numbers in the text file.", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "End-of-pilot (12 months, February 2023, last payment)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Holding at least one job", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "When we examine the likelihood of holding one or more jobs, there are no significant differences between SGIP participants and the control group (Exhibit 22: SGIP Did Not Significantly Change the Proportion of Parents with At Least One Job)", "kind": null, "scale": null }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Chapter 6, Household Income (p. 35) and Exhibit 22 title; chart without numbers in the text file.", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "Post-pilot (6 months after GI ended, August 2023)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Holding at least one job", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "When we examine the likelihood of holding one or more jobs, there are no significant differences between SGIP participants and the control group (Exhibit 22: SGIP Did Not Significantly Change the Proportion of Parents with At Least One Job)", "kind": null, "scale": null }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Chapter 6, Household Income (p. 35) and Exhibit 22 title; chart without numbers in the text file.", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "Mid-pilot (6 months, September 2022)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Participation in paid work", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "We do not find significant effects on participation in paid or unpaid work (Exhibit 23)", "kind": null, "scale": null }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Chapter 6 (p. 38), sentence only; Exhibit 23 is a chart and Appendix Table C1 is not in the text file.", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "End-of-pilot (12 months, February 2023, last payment)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Participation in paid work", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "We do not find significant effects on participation in paid or unpaid work (Exhibit 23)", "kind": null, "scale": null }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Chapter 6 (p. 38), sentence only; Exhibit 23 is a chart and Appendix Table C1 is not in the text file.", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "Post-pilot (6 months after GI ended, August 2023)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Participation in paid work", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "We do not find significant effects on participation in paid or unpaid work (Exhibit 23), although SGIP parents were more likely than control group members to be workers post-pilot (Appendix Table C1)", "kind": null, "scale": null }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Chapter 6 (p. 38), sentence only; Exhibit 23 is a chart and Appendix Table C1 is not in the text file.", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "Mid-pilot (6 months, September 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employment status: full-time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "We do not find significant effects on employment status (full-time, part-time, etc.) at mid-pilot or the end of the pilot (Appendix Table C1)", "kind": null, "scale": null }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Chapter 6 (p. 38), sentence only; Appendix Table C1 is not in the text file.", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "End-of-pilot (12 months, February 2023, last payment)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employment status: full-time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "We do not find significant effects on employment status (full-time, part-time, etc.) at mid-pilot or the end of the pilot (Appendix Table C1)", "kind": null, "scale": null }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Chapter 6 (p. 38), sentence only; Appendix Table C1 is not in the text file.", "source": "aei:shreveport" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "Mid-pilot (6 months, September 2022)", "randomized_treated": 165, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Exhibit 4 (Sample Sizes by Survey) is a chart without numbers in the text file. 165 applicants contacted for the participant group (110 accepted; 45 eligible replacements kept in the analysis as inactive participants), 132 control.", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "End-of-pilot (12 months, February 2023, last payment)", "randomized_treated": 165, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Exhibit 4 (Sample Sizes by Survey) is a chart without numbers in the text file. 165 applicants contacted for the participant group (110 accepted; 45 eligible replacements kept in the analysis as inactive participants), 132 control.", "source": "aei:shreveport" }, { "comparison": "T33-1", "wave": "Post-pilot (6 months after GI ended, August 2023)", "randomized_treated": 165, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Exhibit 4 (Sample Sizes by Survey) is a chart without numbers in the text file. 165 applicants contacted for the participant group (110 accepted; 45 eligible replacements kept in the analysis as inactive participants), 132 control.", "source": "aei:shreveport" } ], "notes": "Shreveport final report: exhibit numbers and Appendix Table C1 are not in the text file, so all results are sentences. Impacts are differences in means with statistical adjustments for attrition. The Kessler and perceived stress results are described together; post-pilot distress is not described separately, so there is no post-pilot distress entry. 'Workers' post-pilot (Appendix Table C1) is unclear (the next sentence mentions gig work); it is kept only in the post-pilot paid-work entry's p_text. Left out: individual income ($2,863 higher at mid-pilot, marginally significant) and household income, both including the GI, not earnings; hours (interviews only); job fulfilment. dashboard:child-outcomes is a qualitative interview brief across four pilots with no arm comparisons." }, { "trial": "T65", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T65-1", "wave": "Exit survey (after the program and cash transfer ended)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Physical and mental health composite index (composite of standardized items, as in Kling, Liebman and Katz): nine Kessler distress items (nervous; so nervous nothing could calm you down; hopeless; restless or fidgety; so restless you could not sit still; depressed; everything was an effort; so sad nothing could cheer you up; worthless), ER visits, injured in a fight, threatened or injured with a weapon, perceived chance of being killed by age 21, and three self-esteem items", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.051, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.751, "p_text": null, "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 50, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 4, intent-to-treat, 'Cash transfer only', column 'Physical and mental health': 0.051 (p 0.751); also Table 6 last row (Obs 88). Treated n = 'Took the outcome survey' 50 (Table 3); control n not printed.", "source": "pmid:38637462" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T65-1", "wave": "Exit survey (after the program and cash transfer ended)", "randomized_treated": 56, "randomized_control": 57, "responded_treated": 50, "responded_control": null, "where": "Methods: 56 cash transfer only, 57 control (56 excluding a dropout); Table 3: 50 (89%) of the cash-only group took the outcome survey; text: 67% response rate for the control group (count not printed).", "source": "pmid:38637462" } ], "notes": "Only the composite is printed for mental health; it is entered as general_mental_health although it also includes ER visits, injuries, threats with a weapon, perceived chance of being killed by 21 and self-esteem items. Positive values are better ('in the intended direction'); estimated in standard deviation units (the text calls these estimates effect sizes). The ITT model includes covariates and baseline values; p-values in parentheses, robust SEs not printed. Left out: TOT estimate 0.056 (p 0.708); item-level effects (Table 6) including the nine Kessler items; the 1-to-7 financial stress item (part of the financial health composite). No employment results printed (online appendix not in the file). ppr:PPR749617 is the preprint abstract (no numbers)." }, { "trial": "T67", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T67-1", "wave": "3-month follow-up", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "PROMIS Global Health Scale, mental health score", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 5, "mean": 46.2, "sd": 8.4, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 9, "mean": 42.1, "sd": 6.4, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 1 (Change in health-related quality of life), row 'Follow-up mean (SD)', Mental health columns: usual care (n = 9) 42.1 (6.4), UCT (n = 5) 46.2 (8.4).", "source": "pmid:39447043" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T67-1", "wave": "3-month follow-up", "randomized_treated": 7, "randomized_control": 10, "responded_treated": 5, "responded_control": 9, "where": "Results text: 17 randomized (UCT n = 7, UC n = 10); 14 completed the 3-month follow-up; Table 1 n = 5 UCT and 9 UC.", "source": "pmid:39447043" } ], "notes": "Only arm means are printed. Table 1 also prints baseline means (UC 40.8 [8.0], UCT 45.7 [5.4]) and change means (UC 1.3 [8.1], UCT 0.5 [5.5]); the text says no difference in mental health was observed in either arm over time. openalex:W4389241817 is a conference abstract (interviews; no outcome numbers)." }, { "trial": "T77", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T77-1", "wave": "Endline survey (12 months after admission)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Worked at least one hour in the previous week (respondent, mother of the youngest child)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.05, "se": 0.03, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 396, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 383, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.61 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5 (Job-Seeking and Work: Respondent, Whole Sample), row UCT, column 'Work one hour (5)': coefficient (robust SE), no star; 'Mean CG' 0.61; Observations 1,134 across CCT, UCT and CG. n = final-interview samples from Table 3.", "source": "openalex:W2910961751" }, { "comparison": "T77-1", "wave": "Endline survey (12 months after admission)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Number of hours worked in the previous week (respondent)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.65, "se": 0.77, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 396, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 383, "mean": 10.7, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5 (Job-Seeking and Work: Respondent, Whole Sample), row UCT, column 'Hours work (7)': coefficient (robust SE), no star; 'Mean CG' 10.70; Observations 1,135 across CCT, UCT and CG. n = final-interview samples from Table 3.", "source": "openalex:W2910961751" }, { "comparison": "T77-1", "wave": "Endline survey (12 months after admission)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Hourly wage (respondent; earnings per hour)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.14, "se": 0.54, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": 396, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 383, "mean": 3.64, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 5 (Job-Seeking and Work: Respondent, Whole Sample), row UCT, column 'Hourly wage (8)': coefficient (robust SE), no star; 'Mean CG' 3.64; Observations 1,030 across CCT, UCT and CG. n = final-interview samples from Table 3.", "source": "openalex:W2910961751" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T77-1", "wave": "Endline survey (12 months after admission)", "randomized_treated": 533, "randomized_control": 521, "responded_treated": 396, "responded_control": 383, "where": "Table 2 (initial sample: UCT 533, CG 521) and Table 3 (final interview: UCT 396, CG 383); text: response rate 74% for the UCT and CG groups.", "source": "openalex:W2910961751" } ], "notes": "The transfer went to the family; the survey respondent is the mother of the youngest child, one per family, so Table 5 is the whole sample. Partners' results (Table 6, UCT: worked at least one hour 0.03 [0.04], Mean CG 0.63, N 907; hours 0.35 [1.75], Mean CG 22.75, N 530; hourly wage 0.53 [0.72], Mean CG 3.19, N 649) are left out as results for a different person. Linear probability models with household controls and randomization-group fixed effects; stars mark p < 0.10 and none is shown for the UCT, so p is null. Hourly wage is entered as earnings with per null because it is earnings per hour; the euro currency is inferred from the paper's setting. Days worked and regular contract left out. The design's endline wave is 12 months after admission." }, { "trial": "T81", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T81-1", "wave": "One-month follow-up survey (sent June 18, 2020)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mental health challenges composite index: weighted mean (Anderson 2008) of standardized PHQ-2 (depression) and GAD-2 (anxiety) items, standardized on the control group; positive = worse", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.01, "se": 0.025, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Bonferroni p 1.000; FWER (free step-down) p 0.880; no star", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 0.0, "sd": 1.0, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 2 (Primary Outcome ITT Estimates in Full Sample), One-Month, 'Mental Health Challenges': treatment -0.010 (SE 0.025), Observations 6299, control mean 0.000, control SD 1.000.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0005852_1" }, { "comparison": "T81-1", "wave": "Three-month follow-up survey (launched August 21, 2020)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mental health challenges composite index: weighted mean (Anderson 2008) of standardized PHQ-2 (depression) and GAD-2 (anxiety) items, standardized on the control group; positive = worse", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.002, "se": 0.028, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Bonferroni p 1.000; FWER (free step-down) p 0.996; no star", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": -0.001, "sd": 0.999, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 2, Three-Month, 'Mental Health Challenges': treatment -0.002 (SE 0.028), Observations 5244, control mean -0.001, control SD 0.999.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0005852_1" }, { "comparison": "T81-1", "wave": "One-month follow-up survey (sent June 18, 2020)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed part- or full-time", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.0, "se": 0.01, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Bonferroni p 1.000; no star", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": 0.483, "proportion": 0.371 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 9 (ITT Estimates on Labor Supply, One Month, Full Sample), 'Employed Part- or Full-time': treatment -0.000 (SE 0.010), Observations 6608, control mean 0.371, control SD 0.483.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0005852_1" }, { "comparison": "T81-1", "wave": "One-month follow-up survey (sent June 18, 2020)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Hours worked (period not stated)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.021, "se": 0.345, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Bonferroni p 1.000; no star", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 10.167, "sd": 16.647, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix Table 9, 'Hours Worked': treatment -0.021 (SE 0.345), Observations 6608, control mean 10.167, control SD 16.647.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0005852_1" }, { "comparison": "T81-1", "wave": "One-month follow-up survey (sent June 18, 2020)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Monthly earned income (previous month)", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "USD", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "supplemental analyses found no effect of the treatment on monthly earned income", "kind": null, "scale": null }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Results, Treatment Effects Among Low-Income Groups (p. 10), sentence only, no numbers.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0005852_1" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T81-1", "wave": "One-month follow-up survey (sent June 18, 2020)", "randomized_treated": 7915, "randomized_control": 5777, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Data section (pp. 7-8) and Appendix A: invited 13,692 (7,915 treatment, 5,777 control); one-month survey completed by 6,848, a response rate of 60% treatment and 59% control of those invited; counts by arm not printed.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0005852_1" }, { "comparison": "T81-1", "wave": "Three-month follow-up survey (launched August 21, 2020)", "randomized_treated": 7915, "randomized_control": 5777, "responded_treated": 3430, "responded_control": 2344, "where": "Data section (p. 8) and Appendix A: three-month survey completed by 5,774 (3,430 [59%] treatment, 2,344 [55%] control).", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0005852_1" } ], "notes": "Working paper (May 2022); registered:AEARCTR-0005852_2 is the journal article's RePEc page (abstract only: no significant effects on any outcome for the full sample). Arm n per outcome not printed (Observations are totals). All models include the full set of controls; SEs robust. Separate PHQ-2 and GAD-2 results were examined but not printed. Hours worked has no stated period. Left out: balanced panel (Appendix Table 3: one-month mental health -0.03 [0.029], three-month -0.011 [0.029]), restricted sample (Appendix Table 1), LATE (Appendix Table 2), and the subgroup with earnings below $500 (Table 4, Appendix Tables 7 and 9), since full-sample results are printed; looking for work." } ]