{
  "k": 34,
  "trials": 32,
  "estimate": 0.09,
  "lower": 0.041,
  "upper": 0.139,
  "p": 0.000752,
  "p_text": "p < 0.001",
  "tau2": 0.00894,
  "i2_pct": 63.8,
  "pi_lower": -0.109,
  "pi_upper": 0.289,
  "participants": 17653,
  "p_holm": 0.00226,
  "p_holm_text": "p = 0.002",
  "latest_during": {
    "k": 34,
    "trials": 32,
    "estimate": 0.099,
    "lower": 0.04,
    "upper": 0.158,
    "p": 0.00167,
    "p_text": "p = 0.002",
    "tau2": 0.0163,
    "i2_pct": 76.2,
    "pi_lower": -0.168,
    "pi_upper": 0.366,
    "participants": 17574
  },
  "common_effect": {
    "k": 34,
    "trials": 32,
    "estimate": -0.002,
    "lower": -0.023,
    "upper": 0.018,
    "p": 0.81,
    "p_text": "p = 0.810",
    "participants": 17653
  },
  "bayes": {
    "estimate": 0.089,
    "lower": 0.041,
    "upper": 0.145,
    "prob_above_zero": 1,
    "tau_prior_scale": 0.2
  },
  "leave_one_out": {
    "min_estimate": 0.079,
    "max_estimate": 0.098,
    "max_p": 0.00185,
    "min_p": 0.000272
  },
  "retention": {
    "k": 6,
    "trials": 6,
    "estimate": 0.043,
    "lower": -0.077,
    "upper": 0.163,
    "p": 0.398,
    "p_text": "p = 0.398",
    "tau2": 0.00735,
    "i2_pct": 51,
    "pi_lower": -0.208,
    "pi_upper": 0.294,
    "participants": 5903
  },
  "printed_sd": {
    "k": 18,
    "trials": 16,
    "estimate": 0.138,
    "lower": 0.052,
    "upper": 0.225,
    "p": 0.00369,
    "p_text": "p = 0.004",
    "tau2": 0.0136,
    "i2_pct": 51.2,
    "pi_lower": -0.122,
    "pi_upper": 0.399,
    "participants": 10928
  },
  "registered": {
    "k": 4,
    "trials": 4,
    "estimate": 0.104,
    "lower": -0.204,
    "upper": 0.411,
    "p": 0.362,
    "p_text": "p = 0.362",
    "tau2": 0.0259,
    "i2_pct": 54.7,
    "pi_lower": -0.493,
    "pi_upper": 0.701,
    "participants": 1217
  },
  "large": {
    "k": 4,
    "trials": 4,
    "estimate": 0.071,
    "lower": -0.188,
    "upper": 0.33,
    "p": 0.447,
    "p_text": "p = 0.447",
    "tau2": 0.0218,
    "i2_pct": 90,
    "pi_lower": -0.466,
    "pi_upper": 0.608,
    "participants": 9879
  },
  "egger": {
    "slope": 1.538,
    "lower": 0.749,
    "upper": 2.327,
    "p": 0.00038
  },
  "robust": false,
  "each": {
    "T02_1": {
      "trial": "T02",
      "name": "Baby's First Years (New York City, New Orleans, Omaha, Twin Cities)",
      "wave": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, July 2019-June 2020)",
      "months": 12,
      "class": "depression",
      "measure": "Maternal depression (PHQ-8, Personal Health Questionnaire Depression Scale)",
      "estimate": -0.062,
      "lower": -0.191,
      "upper": 0.067,
      "how": "difference, interval",
      "sd_rule": "wave",
      "analysed": 930
    },
    "T03_1": {
      "trial": "T03",
      "name": "Stockton Economic Empowerment Demonstration (SEED)",
      "wave": "Wave 4 (February 2020)",
      "months": 12,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Kessler 10 (scores 10 to 50; higher is more severe psychological distress)",
      "estimate": 0.299,
      "lower": 0.001,
      "upper": 0.597,
      "how": "means",
      "sd_rule": "instrument",
      "analysed": 175
    },
    "T04_1": {
      "trial": "T04",
      "name": "Cambridge RISE (Massachusetts)",
      "wave": "12-month (August 2022)",
      "months": 12,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10)",
      "estimate": 0.05,
      "lower": -0.036,
      "upper": 0.137,
      "how": "difference, se",
      "sd_rule": "instrument",
      "analysed": 194
    },
    "T05_1": {
      "trial": "T05",
      "name": "Columbia Life Improvement Monthly Boost (CLIMB, South Carolina)",
      "wave": "12 months (August 2022, end of payments)",
      "months": 12,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Kessler-10 psychological distress (Kessler et al., 2003)",
      "estimate": -0.091,
      "lower": -0.187,
      "upper": 0.005,
      "how": "difference, se",
      "sd_rule": "instrument",
      "analysed": 132
    },
    "T06_1": {
      "trial": "T06",
      "name": "Durham Excel (North Carolina)",
      "wave": "12 months (February 2023, end of payments)",
      "months": 12,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (version not named)",
      "estimate": 0.05,
      "lower": -0.16,
      "upper": 0.26,
      "how": "difference, se",
      "sd_rule": "instrument",
      "analysed": 165
    },
    "T07_1": {
      "trial": "T07",
      "name": "Just Income (Gainesville, Florida)",
      "wave": "12 months (December 2022/February 2023, end of payments)",
      "months": 12,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress scale (Kessler et al., 2003); version not named",
      "estimate": 0.091,
      "lower": -0.154,
      "upper": 0.337,
      "how": "difference, se",
      "sd_rule": "instrument",
      "analysed": 82
    },
    "T08_1": {
      "trial": "T08",
      "name": "UpLift, the Central Iowa Basic Income Pilot",
      "wave": "12 months",
      "months": 12,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress ('the Kessler scale (Kessler et al., 2003)'; report places 20-24 as the range of a mild psychological disorder)",
      "estimate": 0.071,
      "lower": -0.129,
      "upper": 0.271,
      "how": "difference, se",
      "sd_rule": "instrument",
      "analysed": 203
    },
    "T09_1": {
      "trial": "T09",
      "name": "Ithaca Guaranteed Income (New York)",
      "wave": "12 months (May 2023, final disbursement)",
      "months": 12,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003)",
      "estimate": 0.125,
      "lower": -0.11,
      "upper": 0.361,
      "how": "difference, se",
      "sd_rule": "instrument",
      "analysed": 186
    },
    "T10_1": {
      "trial": "T10",
      "name": "BIG:LEAP (City of Los Angeles)",
      "wave": "12 months (Wave 3, February 2023)",
      "months": 12,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003; K10 cut-offs 20/25/30)",
      "estimate": -0.065,
      "lower": -0.093,
      "upper": -0.038,
      "how": "difference, interval",
      "sd_rule": "instrument",
      "analysed": 3696
    },
    "T11_1": {
      "trial": "T11",
      "name": "Madison Forward Fund (Wisconsin)",
      "wave": "12 months (August 2023, when payments ended)",
      "months": 12,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Psychological Distress, Kessler-10 (Kessler et al., 2003)",
      "estimate": -0.072,
      "lower": -0.237,
      "upper": 0.093,
      "how": "difference, se",
      "sd_rule": "instrument",
      "analysed": 214
    },
    "T13_1": {
      "trial": "T13",
      "name": "Newark Movement for Economic Equity (New Jersey)",
      "wave": "12 months (October 2022)",
      "months": 12,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (10-item Kessler scale, K-10)",
      "estimate": 0.111,
      "lower": 0.007,
      "upper": 0.215,
      "how": "difference, se",
      "sd_rule": "instrument",
      "analysed": 363
    },
    "T15_1": {
      "trial": "T15",
      "name": "Oakland Resilient Families (California)",
      "wave": "12 months (December 2022)",
      "months": 12,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003); number of items not stated",
      "estimate": 0.128,
      "lower": -0.003,
      "upper": 0.26,
      "how": "difference, se",
      "sd_rule": "instrument",
      "analysed": 372
    },
    "T16_1": {
      "trial": "T16",
      "name": "Paterson Guaranteed Income Pilot (New Jersey)",
      "wave": "12 months (June 2022, end of the program)",
      "months": 12,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) (Kessler et al., 2003)",
      "estimate": 0.054,
      "lower": -0.05,
      "upper": 0.158,
      "how": "difference, se",
      "sd_rule": "instrument",
      "analysed": 81
    },
    "T17_1": {
      "trial": "T17",
      "name": "Providence Guaranteed Income (Rhode Island)",
      "wave": "12 months (October 2022)",
      "months": 12,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (cut-offs given: <20 likely well, 20-24 mild, 25-29 moderate)",
      "estimate": 0.09,
      "lower": -0.157,
      "upper": 0.338,
      "how": "difference, se",
      "sd_rule": "instrument",
      "analysed": 162
    },
    "T19_1": {
      "trial": "T19",
      "name": "San Diego for Every Child (California)",
      "wave": "12 months (February 2023)",
      "months": 12,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (the Kessler Scale, Kessler et al., 2003)",
      "estimate": 0.106,
      "lower": -0.027,
      "upper": 0.24,
      "how": "difference, se",
      "sd_rule": "instrument",
      "analysed": 214
    },
    "T22_1": {
      "trial": "T22",
      "name": "Growing Resilience in Tacoma (GRIT, Washington)",
      "wave": "12 months (November 2022, as the cash ended)",
      "months": 12,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003); number of items not stated",
      "estimate": 0.057,
      "lower": -0.133,
      "upper": 0.248,
      "how": "difference, se",
      "sd_rule": "instrument",
      "analysed": 205
    },
    "T23_1": {
      "trial": "T23",
      "name": "Project Resilience (Ulster County, New York)",
      "wave": "Wave 3 (April 2022)",
      "months": 11,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10)",
      "estimate": -0.055,
      "lower": -0.345,
      "upper": 0.235,
      "how": "difference, sizes",
      "sd_rule": "same_trial",
      "analysed": 184
    },
    "T24_1": {
      "trial": "T24",
      "name": "Compton Pledge (California)",
      "wave": "Endline survey (18 months after the start of transfers, May-September 2022)",
      "months": 18,
      "class": "general_mental_health",
      "measure": "Psychological well-being index: first principal component of depression frequency (1-5), stress frequency (1-5), life satisfaction (1-10), happiness (1-4) and the Kessler 6 (pre-registered primary outcome)",
      "estimate": 0.01,
      "lower": -0.184,
      "upper": 0.204,
      "how": "standardized, se",
      "sd_rule": null,
      "analysed": 886
    },
    "T24_2": {
      "trial": "T24",
      "name": "Compton Pledge (California)",
      "wave": "Endline survey (18 months after the start of transfers, May-September 2022)",
      "months": 18,
      "class": "general_mental_health",
      "measure": "Psychological well-being index: first principal component of depression frequency (1-5), stress frequency (1-5), life satisfaction (1-10), happiness (1-4) and the Kessler 6 (pre-registered primary outcome)",
      "estimate": 0.1,
      "lower": -0.116,
      "upper": 0.316,
      "how": "standardized, se",
      "sd_rule": null,
      "analysed": 888
    },
    "T25_1": {
      "trial": "T25",
      "name": "Montgomery County Guaranteed Income Program (Maryland)",
      "wave": "18-month survey (April 2024)",
      "months": 18,
      "class": "anxiety",
      "measure": "Felt anxious 'more than half of days' or 'nearly every day'",
      "estimate": 0.694,
      "lower": 0.214,
      "upper": 1.174,
      "how": "share difference",
      "sd_rule": null,
      "analysed": 172
    },
    "T26_1": {
      "trial": "T26",
      "name": "Denver Basic Income Project (Colorado)",
      "wave": "Timepoint 3 (10 months after enrollment, August-November 2023)",
      "months": 9,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Kessler 10 (scale of 10 to 50, higher is more distress), reported as 'stress and anxiety'",
      "estimate": 0.105,
      "lower": -0.201,
      "upper": 0.412,
      "how": "means",
      "sd_rule": "wave",
      "analysed": 250
    },
    "T26_2": {
      "trial": "T26",
      "name": "Denver Basic Income Project (Colorado)",
      "wave": "Timepoint 3 (10 months after enrollment, August-November 2023)",
      "months": 9,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Kessler 10 (scale of 10 to 50, higher is more distress), reported as 'stress and anxiety'",
      "estimate": 0.137,
      "lower": -0.184,
      "upper": 0.458,
      "how": "means",
      "sd_rule": "wave",
      "analysed": 219
    },
    "T28_1": {
      "trial": "T28",
      "name": "Rise Up Alameda (California)",
      "wave": "one-year (12-month) survey",
      "months": 12,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Share scoring above 20 on the Kessler 10",
      "estimate": 0.33,
      "lower": 0.096,
      "upper": 0.565,
      "how": "shares",
      "sd_rule": null,
      "analysed": 372
    },
    "T29_1": {
      "trial": "T29",
      "name": "Minneapolis Guaranteed Basic Income Pilot (Minnesota)",
      "wave": "12-month survey",
      "months": 12,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Psychological distress (Kessler 10 scale; ten items scored 1 to 5, summed); estimator: Model 1 (X): controls for baseline income, education, and age, by stratum",
      "estimate": 0.395,
      "lower": 0.151,
      "upper": 0.638,
      "how": "difference, se",
      "sd_rule": "instrument",
      "analysed": 281
    },
    "T35_1": {
      "trial": "T35",
      "name": "Chelsea Eats (Massachusetts)",
      "wave": "Final ('April') survey (April 12-May 10, 2021)",
      "months": 5,
      "class": "general_mental_health",
      "measure": "Anxious or depressed: = 1 if the respondent scored 3 or above on either the PHQ-2 or GAD-2 (estimate with covariates)",
      "estimate": -0.036,
      "lower": -0.147,
      "upper": 0.074,
      "how": "share difference",
      "sd_rule": null,
      "analysed": 1706
    },
    "T37_1": {
      "trial": "T37",
      "name": "Arlington's Guarantee (Virginia)",
      "wave": "final survey (18 months)",
      "months": 18,
      "class": "general_mental_health",
      "measure": "Zero days in the past month that stress, anxiety, or sadness prevented usual activities",
      "estimate": 0.32,
      "lower": 0.042,
      "upper": 0.598,
      "how": "shares",
      "sd_rule": null,
      "analysed": 300
    },
    "T44_1": {
      "trial": "T44",
      "name": "Guaranteed Income Program 2.0 (City of Sacramento)",
      "wave": "endline (T2, June 2024, last month of payments)",
      "months": 12,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (10 questions): share 'likely well' (%); predicted probability adjusted by regression",
      "estimate": 0.248,
      "lower": -0.161,
      "upper": 0.657,
      "how": "shares",
      "sd_rule": null,
      "analysed": 138
    },
    "T45_1": {
      "trial": "T45",
      "name": "Guaranteed Income Program (County of Sacramento)",
      "wave": "endline (T2, January 2025, when payments stopped)",
      "months": 12,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (10 questions), levels interpreted per Andrews & Slade (2001): share in the 'Severe' level",
      "estimate": 0.374,
      "lower": 0.021,
      "upper": 0.727,
      "how": "shares",
      "sd_rule": null,
      "analysed": 173
    },
    "T52_1": {
      "trial": "T52",
      "name": "Finnish basic income experiment",
      "wave": "End-of-experiment telephone survey (15 October to 14 December 2018)",
      "months": 22,
      "class": "general_mental_health",
      "measure": "Poor mental health: MHI-5 rescaled to 100, score of 52 or less",
      "estimate": 0.284,
      "lower": 0.095,
      "upper": 0.474,
      "how": "share difference",
      "sd_rule": null,
      "analysed": 1527
    },
    "T54_1": {
      "trial": "T54",
      "name": "Basic Income for the Arts (Ireland)",
      "wave": "October 2023 (1 year)",
      "months": 12,
      "class": "depression",
      "measure": "Depressed or downhearted in the last four weeks (yes/no)",
      "estimate": 0.165,
      "lower": 0.042,
      "upper": 0.288,
      "how": "share difference",
      "sd_rule": null,
      "analysed": 2950
    },
    "T65_1": {
      "trial": "T65",
      "name": "Cash and after-school programs for young men (Wilmington, Delaware)",
      "wave": "Exit survey (after the program and cash transfer ended)",
      "months": 6,
      "class": "general_mental_health",
      "measure": "Physical and mental health composite index (composite of standardized items, as in Kling, Liebman and Katz; Table 1): nine Kessler distress items (nervous; so nervous nothing could calm you down; hopeless; restless or fidgety; so restless you could not sit still; depressed; everything was an effort; so sad nothing could cheer you up; worthless), emergency room visits, injured in a fight, threatened or injured with a weapon, perceived chance of being killed by age 21, and three self-esteem items (a lot of good qualities; a lot to be proud of; feel loved and wanted)",
      "estimate": 0.051,
      "lower": -0.264,
      "upper": 0.366,
      "how": "standardized, p value",
      "sd_rule": null,
      "analysed": 107
    },
    "T67_1": {
      "trial": "T67",
      "name": "Unconditional cash for food insecurity in oncology",
      "wave": "3-month follow-up",
      "months": 3,
      "class": "general_mental_health",
      "measure": "PROMIS Global Health Scale, mental health score",
      "estimate": 0.538,
      "lower": -0.573,
      "upper": 1.65,
      "how": "means",
      "sd_rule": "wave",
      "analysed": 14
    },
    "T68_1": {
      "trial": "T68",
      "name": "COIN: cash for families of preterm infants",
      "wave": "4-month survey",
      "months": 4,
      "class": "depression",
      "measure": "Birthing parent PHQ-2 passing score (< 3)",
      "estimate": -0.133,
      "lower": -1.13,
      "upper": 0.864,
      "how": "shares",
      "sd_rule": null,
      "analysed": 19
    },
    "T71_1": {
      "trial": "T71",
      "name": "Philly Family Trust Study (primary care patients, Philadelphia)",
      "wave": "3-month follow-up visit (about 12 weeks after enrollment)",
      "months": 3,
      "class": "distress",
      "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6+, 6-30)",
      "estimate": 0.22,
      "lower": -0.087,
      "upper": 0.527,
      "how": "difference, interval",
      "sd_rule": "wave",
      "analysed": 93
    }
  },
  "measures": {
    "anxiety": 1,
    "depression": 3,
    "distress": 23,
    "general_mental_health": 7
  }
}