[ { "trial": "T03", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T03-1", "wave": "Wave 4 (February 2020)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10 (scored 10 to 50)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.027, "p_text": "F = 4.98, significance 0.027 (Results text: F = 4.983, p = 0.027)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 87, "mean": 18.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 88, "mean": 21.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 2 (baseline- and covariate-adjusted means with SE, not SD: treatment 18.4, SE 0.9; control 21.4, SE 0.9) and Table 3 Model 1 (ANCOVA, baseline through Wave 4). No difference in means is printed.", "source": "pmid:37037977" }, { "comparison": "T03-1", "wave": "Wave 6 (February 2021, final disbursement)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10 (scored 10 to 50)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.36, "p_text": "F = 0.84, significance 0.360", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 72, "mean": 20.3, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 83, "mean": 23.1, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 2 (baseline- and covariate-adjusted means with SE, not SD: treatment 20.3, SE 0.8; control 23.1, SE 0.9) and Table 3 Model 2 (ANCOVA, Wave 4 through Wave 6, i.e. holding Wave 4 scores constant). No difference in means is printed.", "source": "pmid:37037977" }, { "comparison": "T03-1", "wave": "Wave 7 (August 2021, 6-month follow-up)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10 (scored 10 to 50)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.558, "p_text": "F = 0.34, significance 0.558", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 65, "mean": 22.0, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 63, "mean": 21.0, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 2 (baseline- and covariate-adjusted means with SE, not SD: treatment 22.0, SE 0.7; control 21.0, SE 0.7) and Table 3 Model 3 (ANCOVA, Wave 6 through Wave 7, i.e. holding Wave 6 scores constant). No difference in means is printed.", "source": "pmid:37037977" }, { "comparison": "T03-1", "wave": "Wave 4 (February 2020)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "SF-36 MH", "measure": "SF-36 emotional wellbeing subscale (0 to 100)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.006, "p_text": "F = 7.75, significance 0.006** (Results text: F = 7.749, p = 0.006)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 79, "mean": 67.9, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 98, "mean": 59.6, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 4, Emotional wellbeing (adjusted means with SE: treatment 67.9, SE 2.2; control 59.6, SE 2.0) and Table 5 Model 5 (ANCOVA, baseline through Wave 4). No difference in means is printed.", "source": "pmid:37037977" }, { "comparison": "T03-1", "wave": "Wave 6 (February 2021, final disbursement)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "SF-36 MH", "measure": "SF-36 emotional wellbeing subscale (0 to 100)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.829, "p_text": "F = 0.05, significance 0.829", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 67, "mean": 68.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 88, "mean": 62.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 4, Emotional wellbeing (adjusted means with SE: treatment 68.2, SE 2.3; control 62.2, SE 2.6) and Table 5 Model 5.1 (ANCOVA, Wave 4 through Wave 6). No difference in means is printed.", "source": "pmid:37037977" }, { "comparison": "T03-1", "wave": "Wave 7 (August 2021, 6-month follow-up)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "SF-36 MH", "measure": "SF-36 emotional wellbeing subscale (0 to 100)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.084, "p_text": "F = 3.03, significance 0.084", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 66, "mean": 62.5, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 69, "mean": 66.0, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 4, Emotional wellbeing (adjusted means with SE: treatment 62.5, SE 1.9; control 66.0, SE 1.9) and Table 5 Model 5.2 (ANCOVA, Wave 6 through Wave 7). No difference in means is printed.", "source": "pmid:37037977" }, { "comparison": "T03-1", "wave": "Wave 4 (February 2020)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed: 1 = eligible for employment and employed (full-time, part-time, or stay-at-home parent or caregiver), 0 = unemployed looking or not looking for work; retired, disabled and students excluded", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.183, "p_text": "F = 1.80, significance 0.183", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 46, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.9 }, "control": { "n": 65, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.8 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 8 (adjusted means of the 0/1 employment variable, printed as Mean with SE: treatment 0.9, SE 0.1; control 0.8, SE 0.0) and Model 1 (ANCOVA, baseline through Wave 4). No difference is printed.", "source": "pmid:37037977" }, { "comparison": "T03-1", "wave": "Wave 6 (February 2021, final disbursement)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed: 1 = eligible for employment and employed (full-time, part-time, or stay-at-home parent or caregiver), 0 = unemployed looking or not looking for work; retired, disabled and students excluded", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.612, "p_text": "F = 0.26, significance 0.612", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 46, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.8 }, "control": { "n": 65, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.7 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 8 (adjusted means of the 0/1 employment variable, printed as Mean with SE: treatment 0.8, SE 0.1; control 0.7, SE 0.1) and Model 2 (ANCOVA, Wave 4 through Wave 6). No difference is printed.", "source": "pmid:37037977" }, { "comparison": "T03-1", "wave": "Wave 7 (August 2021, 6-month follow-up)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed: 1 = eligible for employment and employed (full-time, part-time, or stay-at-home parent or caregiver), 0 = unemployed looking or not looking for work; retired, disabled and students excluded", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.909, "p_text": "F = 0.01, significance 0.909", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 39, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.8 }, "control": { "n": 44, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.8 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 8 (adjusted means of the 0/1 employment variable, printed as Mean with SE: treatment 0.8, SE 0.1; control 0.8, SE 0.1) and Model 3 (ANCOVA, Wave 6 through Wave 7). No difference is printed.", "source": "pmid:37037977" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T03-1", "wave": "Wave 3 (August 2019)", "randomized_treated": 131, "randomized_control": 200, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Wave 3 data are not analysed in the report and no response counts are printed for it. Randomized: 131 treatment, 200 control (Abstract; Results).", "source": "pmid:37037977" }, { "comparison": "T03-1", "wave": "Wave 4 (February 2020)", "randomized_treated": 131, "randomized_control": 200, "responded_treated": 87, "responded_control": 88, "where": "No per-wave response counts printed; responded = numbers analysed for Kessler 10 at Wave 4 (Table 2). Other outcomes at Wave 4 have other Ns (SF-36 emotional wellbeing 79 and 98, Table 4; employment 46 and 65, Table 8).", "source": "pmid:37037977" }, { "comparison": "T03-1", "wave": "Wave 5 (August 2020)", "randomized_treated": 131, "randomized_control": 200, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Wave 5 is analysed only for the Financial Wellbeing Scale (Table 7: 68 treatment, 80 control); no response counts printed for the outcomes coded here.", "source": "pmid:37037977" }, { "comparison": "T03-1", "wave": "Wave 6 (February 2021, final disbursement)", "randomized_treated": 131, "randomized_control": 200, "responded_treated": 72, "responded_control": 83, "where": "No per-wave response counts printed; responded = numbers analysed for Kessler 10 at Wave 6 (Table 2).", "source": "pmid:37037977" }, { "comparison": "T03-1", "wave": "Wave 7 (August 2021, 6-month follow-up)", "randomized_treated": 131, "randomized_control": 200, "responded_treated": 65, "responded_control": 63, "where": "Responded = numbers analysed for Kessler 10 at Wave 7 (Table 2). Results text: by Wave 7, 2 control and 7 treatment members withdrew and 120 control and 67 treatment members were lost to follow-up; ITT analyses used 198 control and 110 treatment; Methods: by endline retention was approximately 35% in control and 55% in treatment, depending on outcome.", "source": "pmid:37037977" } ], "notes": "Results are reported only at Wave 4, Wave 6 and Wave 7 (Wave 3 is not analysed; Wave 5 only for the Financial Wellbeing Scale, not coded). Tables 2, 4 and 8 print baseline- and covariate-adjusted group means with SEs (not SDs) and ANCOVA F-tests; no treatment-control difference is printed, so estimate values are null and the ANCOVA p-values are copied. The Wave 6 and Wave 7 ANCOVAs hold the previous wave's score constant (Wave 4 and Wave 6), not baseline. Kessler 10 baseline is printed with SE (control 20.8, SE 0.6, n 184; treatment 21.3, SE 0.8, n 110), so baseline_sd is null; the SF-36 baseline column is headed SD but printed per arm only (emotional wellbeing control 65.7, 2.3; treatment 64.4, 2.4). The SF-36 role limitations due to emotional health subscale (Tables 4-5) is not coded because it is not the mental-health subscale. The employment measure counts stay-at-home parents and caregivers as employed and excludes the retired, disabled and students. The second file (pmid:32289072) is an implementation paper with no outcome results." }, { "trial": "T08", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "6 months", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (version not named; the Health and Hope report places scores of 20-24 in the mild psychological disorder range, the K10 banding)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.22, "se": 1.0, "lower": -3.17, "upper": 0.73, "level": 95, "p": 0.22, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 21.59, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 22.29, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Parenting report, Appendix Table 2, Kessler Psychological Distress, 6 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, bootstrap SE, 95% CI, p). Health and Hope report text: estimated effects small and not significant at any time point.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Parenting" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "12 months", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (version not named; the Health and Hope report places scores of 20-24 in the mild psychological disorder range, the K10 banding)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.71, "se": 1.02, "lower": -2.71, "upper": 1.3, "level": 95, "p": 0.49, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 22.66, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 22.83, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Parenting report, Appendix Table 2, Kessler Psychological Distress, 12 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, bootstrap SE, 95% CI, p). Health and Hope report text: estimated effects small and not significant at any time point.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Parenting" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "18 months", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (version not named; the Health and Hope report places scores of 20-24 in the mild psychological disorder range, the K10 banding)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.67, "se": 1.01, "lower": -2.65, "upper": 1.31, "level": 95, "p": 0.51, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 22.69, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 22.83, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Parenting report, Appendix Table 2, Kessler Psychological Distress, 18 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, bootstrap SE, 95% CI, p). Health and Hope report text: estimated effects small and not significant at any time point.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Parenting" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "24 months", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (version not named; the Health and Hope report places scores of 20-24 in the mild psychological disorder range, the K10 banding)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.78, "se": 1.04, "lower": -2.81, "upper": 1.25, "level": 95, "p": 0.45, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 22.59, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 22.85, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Parenting report, Appendix Table 2, Kessler Psychological Distress, 24 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, bootstrap SE, 95% CI, p). Health and Hope report text: estimated effects small and not significant at any time point.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Parenting" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "30 months (6 months after the final payment)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (version not named; the Health and Hope report places scores of 20-24 in the mild psychological disorder range, the K10 banding)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.15, "se": 1.04, "lower": -3.19, "upper": 0.89, "level": 95, "p": 0.27, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 21.69, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 22.31, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Parenting report, Appendix Table 2, Kessler Psychological Distress, 30 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, bootstrap SE, 95% CI, p). Health and Hope report text: estimated effects small and not significant at any time point.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Parenting" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "6 months", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated, arm means of 7 to 9 fit the 0-16 range of the 4-item version", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.87, "se": 0.38, "lower": -1.62, "upper": -0.11, "level": 95, "p": 0.02, "p_text": "0.02* (* p<0.05); Health and Hope text: estimated impact=-0.87, p=0.02", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 7.3, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 8.02, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Parenting report, Appendix Table 2, Perceived Stress, 6 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, bootstrap SE, 95% CI, p).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Parenting" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "12 months", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated, arm means of 7 to 9 fit the 0-16 range of the 4-item version", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.32, "se": 0.38, "lower": -1.08, "upper": 0.43, "level": 95, "p": 0.4, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 7.51, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 7.7, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Parenting report, Appendix Table 2, Perceived Stress, 12 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, bootstrap SE, 95% CI, p).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Parenting" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "18 months", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated, arm means of 7 to 9 fit the 0-16 range of the 4-item version", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.49, "se": 0.38, "lower": -1.23, "upper": 0.26, "level": 95, "p": 0.2, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 7.57, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 7.92, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Parenting report, Appendix Table 2, Perceived Stress, 18 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, bootstrap SE, 95% CI, p).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Parenting" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "24 months", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated, arm means of 7 to 9 fit the 0-16 range of the 4-item version", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.2, "se": 0.4, "lower": -0.98, "upper": 0.58, "level": 95, "p": 0.62, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 7.53, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 7.59, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Parenting report, Appendix Table 2, Perceived Stress, 24 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, bootstrap SE, 95% CI, p).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Parenting" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "30 months (6 months after the final payment)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated, arm means of 7 to 9 fit the 0-16 range of the 4-item version", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.02, "se": 0.4, "lower": -0.77, "upper": 0.81, "level": 95, "p": 0.96, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 7.89, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 7.73, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Parenting report, Appendix Table 2, Perceived Stress, 30 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, bootstrap SE, 95% CI, p).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Parenting" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "6 months", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT (share of respondents, %)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no significant differences in employment status were detected (text: 'Overall, no significant differences in employment status were detected')", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 47 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 41 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Affordability report, Table 5 (Employment Trends over Time, in %), Employed FT, 6 months columns; no effect estimate printed.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Affordability" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "12 months", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT (share of respondents, %)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no significant differences in employment status were detected (text: 'Overall, no significant differences in employment status were detected')", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 49 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 43 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Affordability report, Table 5 (Employment Trends over Time, in %), Employed FT, 12 months columns; no effect estimate printed.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Affordability" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "18 months", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT (share of respondents, %)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no significant differences in employment status were detected (text: 'Overall, no significant differences in employment status were detected')", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 51 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 44 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Affordability report, Table 5 (Employment Trends over Time, in %), Employed FT, 18 months columns; no effect estimate printed; the Employment text repeats 51% vs. 44% at 18 months.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Affordability" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "24 months", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT (share of respondents, %)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no significant differences in employment status were detected (text: 'Overall, no significant differences in employment status were detected')", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 48 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 41 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Affordability report, Table 5 (Employment Trends over Time, in %), Employed FT, 24 months columns; no effect estimate printed.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Affordability" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "30 months (6 months after the final payment)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT (share of respondents, %)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "no significant differences in employment status were detected (text: 'Overall, no significant differences in employment status were detected')", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 48 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 45 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Affordability report, Table 5 (Employment Trends over Time, in %), Employed FT, 30 months columns; no effect estimate printed.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Affordability" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "6 months", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Average reported work hours per shift (shift length)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Average reported shift length remained largely similar between groups across most time points measured, with the exception of a temporary increase in hours worked for treatment participants mid-pilot [18 months]", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Affordability report, Workforce Participation, Employment text only; no numbers printed for this wave (sentence only).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Affordability" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "12 months", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Average reported work hours per shift (shift length)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Average reported shift length remained largely similar between groups across most time points measured, with the exception of a temporary increase in hours worked for treatment participants mid-pilot [18 months]", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Affordability report, Workforce Participation, Employment text only; no numbers printed for this wave (sentence only).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Affordability" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "24 months", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Average reported work hours per shift (shift length)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "this difference [at 18 months] did not persist and shift lengths converged subsequently", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Affordability report, Workforce Participation, Employment text only; no numbers printed for this wave (sentence only).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Affordability" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "30 months (6 months after the final payment)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Average reported work hours per shift (shift length)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "this difference [at 18 months] did not persist and shift lengths converged subsequently", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Affordability report, Workforce Participation, Employment text only; no numbers printed for this wave (sentence only).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Affordability" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "18 months", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Average reported work hours per shift (shift length)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.02, "p_text": "p=0.02", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 9.38, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 6.28, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Affordability report, Workforce Participation, Employment text: 'At 18 months, treatment participants reported longer work hours per shift on average than the control group (9.38 vs. 6.28, p=0.02)'. No difference printed.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Affordability" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "6 months", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 140, "responded_treated": 106, "responded_control": 107, "where": "Parenting report, Appendix Table 3 (Sample Attrition), 6 months row: treatment 106, control 107; overall attrition 14.8%, differential attrition 19.9%; baseline 110 and 140.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Parenting" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "12 months", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 140, "responded_treated": 100, "responded_control": 103, "where": "Parenting report, Appendix Table 3 (Sample Attrition), 12 months row: treatment 100, control 103; overall attrition 18.8%, differential attrition 17.3%; baseline 110 and 140.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Parenting" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "18 months", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 140, "responded_treated": 100, "responded_control": 101, "where": "Parenting report, Appendix Table 3 (Sample Attrition), 18 months row: treatment 100, control 101; overall attrition 19.6%, differential attrition 18.8%; baseline 110 and 140.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Parenting" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "24 months", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 140, "responded_treated": 100, "responded_control": 95, "where": "Parenting report, Appendix Table 3 (Sample Attrition), 24 months row: treatment 100, control 95; overall attrition 22.0%, differential attrition 23.1%; baseline 110 and 140.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Parenting" }, { "comparison": "T08-1", "wave": "30 months (6 months after the final payment)", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 140, "responded_treated": 91, "responded_control": 94, "where": "Parenting report, Appendix Table 3 (Sample Attrition), 30 months row: treatment 91, control 94; overall attrition 26.0%, differential attrition 15.6%; baseline 110 and 140.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Parenting" } ], "notes": "Kessler and Perceived Stress results are copied from the Parenting report's Appendix Table 2; the Health and Hope report gives the same baseline Kessler means (23.50, 24.39) and the same 6-month stress impact (-0.87, p=0.02) and shows the outcomes only in Figures 2-3 without numbers. Instruments inferred: the Kessler version is not named but the report's 20-24 mild-disorder band is the K10 banding; the PSS item count is not named but means of 7 to 9 fit the 4-item version (0-16). Impacts come from models with urbanicity as a covariate and multiple imputation; SEs and CIs are bootstrapped. Estimated impacts do not equal the difference of the printed adjusted means; copied as printed. Employment: Table 5 prints only category shares by arm, with no total share employed (not summed) and no effect estimates; the full-time entries carry the report's sentence on significance. Hours: the report measures shift length (hours per shift); only the 18-month comparison has numbers. Days worked per week, days missed and less-productive days are reported only as averages across all time points (no per-wave results), so not coded. Treated and control n are not printed beside the outcome tables (see attrition counts)." }, { "trial": "T09", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T09-1", "wave": "6 months (November 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003); version not named, scores of 22-25 exceed the K6 range and match the K10 used across these reports", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.13, "se": 1.1, "lower": -2.28, "upper": 1.85, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 22.71, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 22.84, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 8, Kessler Psychological Distress, 6 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, robust SE, 95% CI; no significance marker).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Ithaca-NY" }, { "comparison": "T09-1", "wave": "12 months (May 2023, final disbursement)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003); version not named, scores of 22-25 exceed the K6 range and match the K10 used across these reports", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.25, "se": 1.2, "lower": -2.81, "upper": 1.72, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 23.29, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 24.54, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 8, Kessler Psychological Distress, 12 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, robust SE, 95% CI; no significance marker); the Quality of Life section text gives the same means.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Ithaca-NY" }, { "comparison": "T09-1", "wave": "18 months (November 2023, 6 months after the final disbursement)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003); version not named, scores of 22-25 exceed the K6 range and match the K10 used across these reports", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.82, "se": 1.4, "lower": -3.56, "upper": 1.9, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 23.25, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 25.07, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 8, Kessler Psychological Distress, 18 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, robust SE, 95% CI; no significance marker); the Quality of Life section text gives the same means.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Ithaca-NY" }, { "comparison": "T09-1", "wave": "6 months (November 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated, arm means of 7 to 8 fit the 0-16 range of the 4-item version", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.33, "se": 0.36, "lower": -0.82, "upper": 0.59, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 7.56, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 7.89, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 8, Perceived Stress Levels, 6 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, robust SE, 95% CI; no significance marker); the Quality of Life section text on stress gives the same mean differences.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Ithaca-NY" }, { "comparison": "T09-1", "wave": "12 months (May 2023, final disbursement)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated, arm means of 7 to 8 fit the 0-16 range of the 4-item version", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.59, "se": 0.37, "lower": -0.92, "upper": 0.54, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 7.26, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 7.85, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 8, Perceived Stress Levels, 12 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, robust SE, 95% CI; no significance marker); the Quality of Life section text on stress gives the same mean differences.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Ithaca-NY" }, { "comparison": "T09-1", "wave": "18 months (November 2023, 6 months after the final disbursement)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated, arm means of 7 to 8 fit the 0-16 range of the 4-item version", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.96, "se": 0.47, "lower": -1.2, "upper": 0.65, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 6.95, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 7.91, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 8, Perceived Stress Levels, 18 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, robust SE, 95% CI; no significance marker); the Quality of Life section text on stress gives the same mean differences.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Ithaca-NY" }, { "comparison": "T09-1", "wave": "6 months (November 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Parental Stress Scale (Berry & Jones, 1995), scored 18 to 90, higher = more stress", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.6, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Work, Childcare, and Family Life section text: 'Regression results for parental stress ... Mean differences were -1.6 at 6 months, -3.7 [CI: -6.82, -0.75] at 12 months, and -5.8 [CI: -9.50, -1.78] at 18 months'; significance stated for 12 and 18 months; CI level not stated (report tables use 95%). Baseline means: control 41.4, treatment 41.9.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Ithaca-NY" }, { "comparison": "T09-1", "wave": "12 months (May 2023, final disbursement)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Parental Stress Scale (Berry & Jones, 1995), scored 18 to 90, higher = more stress", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -3.7, "se": null, "lower": -6.82, "upper": -0.75, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "statistically significant", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Work, Childcare, and Family Life section text: 'Regression results for parental stress ... Mean differences were -1.6 at 6 months, -3.7 [CI: -6.82, -0.75] at 12 months, and -5.8 [CI: -9.50, -1.78] at 18 months'; significance stated for 12 and 18 months; CI level not stated (report tables use 95%). Baseline means: control 41.4, treatment 41.9.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Ithaca-NY" }, { "comparison": "T09-1", "wave": "18 months (November 2023, 6 months after the final disbursement)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Parental Stress Scale (Berry & Jones, 1995), scored 18 to 90, higher = more stress", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -5.8, "se": null, "lower": -9.5, "upper": -1.78, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "statistically significant", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Work, Childcare, and Family Life section text: 'Regression results for parental stress ... Mean differences were -1.6 at 6 months, -3.7 [CI: -6.82, -0.75] at 12 months, and -5.8 [CI: -9.50, -1.78] at 18 months'; significance stated for 12 and 18 months; CI level not stated (report tables use 95%). Baseline means: control 41.4, treatment 41.9.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Ithaca-NY" }, { "comparison": "T09-1", "wave": "6 months (November 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT (share of respondents, %)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 27 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 22 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 7 (Employment Trends over Time, in %), Employed FT, 6 months; no effect estimate or significance marker printed.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Ithaca-NY" }, { "comparison": "T09-1", "wave": "12 months (May 2023, final disbursement)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT (share of respondents, %)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.06, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.016, "p_text": "B=1.06, p=0.016 (text); Table 7 prints 31* (* p<0.05)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "other" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 31 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 16 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 7, Employed FT, 12 months (31* vs 16), and Work section text: 'the treatment group was significantly more likely to be employed full-time (B=1.06, p=0.016)'. The scale of B is not stated (a regression coefficient).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Ithaca-NY" }, { "comparison": "T09-1", "wave": "18 months (November 2023, 6 months after the final disbursement)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT (share of respondents, %)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 2, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "not significant", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 25 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 23 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 7, Employed FT, 18 months, and Work section text: 'Post-intervention, this positive trend was maintained, though not significant, with the treatment group showing a 2 percentage point advantage in full-time employment'.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Ithaca-NY" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T09-1", "wave": "6 months (November 2022)", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": 99, "responded_control": 92, "where": "Appendix C, Table 10 (Sample Attrition): 6 months treatment 99, control 92; overall attrition 20.42%, differential 19.23%. Table 10 baseline lists 110 and 130 (two control participants withdrew; Methods).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Ithaca-NY" }, { "comparison": "T09-1", "wave": "12 months (May 2023, final disbursement)", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": 103, "responded_control": 83, "where": "Appendix C, Table 10: 12 months treatment 103, control 83; overall attrition 22.50%, differential 29.79%.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Ithaca-NY" }, { "comparison": "T09-1", "wave": "18 months (November 2023, 6 months after the final disbursement)", "randomized_treated": 110, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": 82, "responded_control": 68, "where": "Appendix C, Table 10: 18 months treatment 82, control 68; overall attrition 37.50%, differential 22.24%.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-Ithaca-NY" } ], "notes": "Kessler and Perceived Stress results are from Appendix A Table 8 (regression-adjusted means controlling for ethnicity, with MICE imputation; robust SEs). Several printed 95% CIs are not centred on the estimate; copied as printed. Instruments inferred: Kessler version not named (K10 coded from the score levels); PSS item count not named (PSS-4 coded from the score range). The Parental Stress Scale results (text only) are coded as stress, measure named, since the codebook's stress class covers other stress scales. Full-time employment shares by arm are in Table 7; only 12 months has an effect estimate (B, from the text). Household income (Figure 2) is not earnings and is not coded; no hours or earnings results are printed. Two control participants withdrew after randomization (analysis sample 240)." }, { "trial": "T19", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "6 months (August 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (Kessler et al., 2003); version not named, the report describes scores near the clinical cutoff for mild mental disorder (K10 banding)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.78, "se": 0.68, "lower": -2.13, "upper": 0.5, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 20.07, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 20.85, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 19, Kessler Psychological Distress, 6 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, bootstrap SE, 95% CI; no significance marker).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" }, { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "12 months (February 2023)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (Kessler et al., 2003); version not named, the report describes scores near the clinical cutoff for mild mental disorder (K10 banding)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.06, "se": 0.68, "lower": -2.46, "upper": 0.23, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 19.18, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 20.24, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 19, Kessler Psychological Distress, 12 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, bootstrap SE, 95% CI; no significance marker).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" }, { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "18 months (August 2023)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (Kessler et al., 2003); version not named, the report describes scores near the clinical cutoff for mild mental disorder (K10 banding)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.62, "se": 0.75, "lower": -2.07, "upper": 0.81, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 20.68, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 21.3, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 19, Kessler Psychological Distress, 18 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, bootstrap SE, 95% CI; no significance marker).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" }, { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "24 months (February 2024, final payment)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (Kessler et al., 2003); version not named, the report describes scores near the clinical cutoff for mild mental disorder (K10 banding)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.47, "se": 0.82, "lower": -2.09, "upper": 1.04, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 21.04, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 21.51, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 19, Kessler Psychological Distress, 24 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, bootstrap SE, 95% CI; no significance marker).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" }, { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "30 months (August 2024, 6 months after the final payment)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress (Kessler et al., 2003); version not named, the report describes scores near the clinical cutoff for mild mental disorder (K10 banding)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.04, "se": 0.83, "lower": -1.66, "upper": 1.77, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 22.11, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 22.07, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 19, Kessler Psychological Distress, 30 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, bootstrap SE, 95% CI; no significance marker); Mental Well-Being text gives the same 30-month means and says no significant differences throughout.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" }, { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "6 months (August 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated, arm means of 6.7 to 8.0 fit the 0-16 range of the 4-item version", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.17, "se": 0.37, "lower": -1.89, "upper": -0.47, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "[-1.17]*** (*** p<0.001)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 6.78, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 7.95, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 19, Perceived Stress, 6 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, bootstrap SE, 95% CI).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" }, { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "12 months (February 2023)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated, arm means of 6.7 to 8.0 fit the 0-16 range of the 4-item version", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.42, "se": 0.34, "lower": -1.04, "upper": 0.26, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 6.69, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 7.11, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 19, Perceived Stress, 12 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, bootstrap SE, 95% CI).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" }, { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "18 months (August 2023)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated, arm means of 6.7 to 8.0 fit the 0-16 range of the 4-item version", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.81, "se": 0.35, "lower": -1.45, "upper": -0.09, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": "[-0.81]* (* p<0.05)", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 6.67, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 7.48, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 19, Perceived Stress, 18 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, bootstrap SE, 95% CI).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" }, { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "24 months (February 2024, final payment)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated, arm means of 6.7 to 8.0 fit the 0-16 range of the 4-item version", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.35, "se": 0.31, "lower": -0.96, "upper": 0.25, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 6.85, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 7.2, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 19, Perceived Stress, 24 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, bootstrap SE, 95% CI).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" }, { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "30 months (August 2024, 6 months after the final payment)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated, arm means of 6.7 to 8.0 fit the 0-16 range of the 4-item version", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.26, "se": 0.33, "lower": -0.36, "upper": 0.92, "level": 95, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 7.19, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 6.93, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Appendix A, Table 19, Perceived Stress, 30 months row (adjusted means, estimated impact, bootstrap SE, 95% CI).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" }, { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "6 months (August 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated, arm means of 6.7 to 8.0 fit the 0-16 range of the 4-item version", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.96, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "B=-0.96, p=0.00", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Mental Well-Being, Perceived Stress text: 'Significant reductions in stress were observed in the treatment group at 6 months (B=-0.96, p=0.00) and 18 months (B=-0.60, p=0.02)'. Differs from the Appendix Table 19 estimate for the same wave, so entered separately.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" }, { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "18 months (August 2023)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "PSS-4", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983); item count not stated, arm means of 6.7 to 8.0 fit the 0-16 range of the 4-item version", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.6, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.02, "p_text": "B=-0.60, p=0.02", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Mental Well-Being, Perceived Stress text: 'Significant reductions in stress were observed in the treatment group at 6 months (B=-0.96, p=0.00) and 18 months (B=-0.60, p=0.02)'. Differs from the Appendix Table 19 estimate for the same wave, so entered separately.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" }, { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "6 months (August 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT (share of respondents, %)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 32 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 27 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 16 (Employment Trends, Treatment vs. Control, %), Employed FT, 6 months; no effect estimate printed and no significance marker.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" }, { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "12 months (February 2023)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT (share of respondents, %)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 38 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 33 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 16 (Employment Trends, Treatment vs. Control, %), Employed FT, 12 months; no effect estimate printed and no significance marker.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" }, { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "18 months (August 2023)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT (share of respondents, %)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 40 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 40 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 16 (Employment Trends, Treatment vs. Control, %), Employed FT, 18 months; no effect estimate printed and no significance marker.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" }, { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "24 months (February 2024, final payment)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT (share of respondents, %)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 39 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 40 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 16 (Employment Trends, Treatment vs. Control, %), Employed FT, 24 months; no effect estimate printed and no significance marker.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" }, { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "30 months (August 2024, 6 months after the final payment)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed FT (share of respondents, %)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "not statistically significant (Summary: 'Although not statistically significant, a greater proportion of GI recipients were employed full-time at the conclusion of the study')", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 45 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 40 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 16, Employed FT, 30 months (text: 45% of treatment and 40% of control held full-time positions by the conclusion of the study); significance from the executive summary and Section V summary.", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "6 months (August 2022)", "randomized_treated": 150, "randomized_control": 150, "responded_treated": 123, "responded_control": 67, "where": "Appendix B, Table 20 (Sample Attrition), 6 months: treatment 123, control 67; overall attrition 37.6%, differential 36.2%. Table 20 baseline lists 149 and 149 (one participant per group withdrew; Methods).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" }, { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "12 months (February 2023)", "randomized_treated": 150, "randomized_control": 150, "responded_treated": 126, "responded_control": 88, "where": "Appendix B, Table 20 (Sample Attrition), 12 months: treatment 126, control 88; overall attrition 25.5%, differential 28.2%. Table 20 baseline lists 149 and 149 (one participant per group withdrew; Methods).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" }, { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "18 months (August 2023)", "randomized_treated": 150, "randomized_control": 150, "responded_treated": 139, "responded_control": 108, "where": "Appendix B, Table 20 (Sample Attrition), 18 months: treatment 139, control 108; overall attrition 20.8%, differential 17.1%. Table 20 baseline lists 149 and 149 (one participant per group withdrew; Methods).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" }, { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "24 months (February 2024, final payment)", "randomized_treated": 150, "randomized_control": 150, "responded_treated": 138, "responded_control": 110, "where": "Appendix B, Table 20 (Sample Attrition), 24 months: treatment 138, control 110; overall attrition 18.8%, differential 16.8%. Table 20 baseline lists 149 and 149 (one participant per group withdrew; Methods).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" }, { "comparison": "T19-1", "wave": "30 months (August 2024, 6 months after the final payment)", "randomized_treated": 150, "randomized_control": 150, "responded_treated": 131, "responded_control": 102, "where": "Appendix B, Table 20 (Sample Attrition), 30 months: treatment 131, control 102; overall attrition 19.5%, differential 21.8%. Table 20 baseline lists 149 and 149 (one participant per group withdrew; Methods).", "source": "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA" } ], "notes": "The two files (cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA and pilot:sand_1) are byte-identical; entries cite the CGIR id. Kessler and Perceived Stress results are from Appendix A Table 19 (regression-adjusted means controlling for race, MICE imputation, bootstrap SEs). The text prints different stress estimates at 6 and 18 months (B=-0.96 and B=-0.60), entered as second entries; 'p=0.00' is kept as text with p null. Instruments inferred: K10 from the report's mild-disorder cutoff description; PSS-4 from the score range. Figure 5 (share reporting low stress) and Figure 6 (share with subclinical psychological distress) print by-arm percentages only as charts whose numbers and waves are not in the text file; not coded. Employment: Table 16 prints shares by arm only; the text's within-arm gains in part- or full-time employment (14 vs 7 percentage points since baseline) and job-transition rates are not between-arm results at a wave and are not coded. Treated and control n are not printed beside the outcome tables (see attrition)." }, { "trial": "T24", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T24-1", "wave": "Endline survey (18 months after the start of transfers, May-September 2022)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Participated in labor market (1 if weekly hours of work in formal, informal or self-employment are positive)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.03, "se": 0.04, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 186, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 700, "mean": null, "sd": 0.44, "proportion": 0.73 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 3, row 'Participated in labor market', column (4) twice-monthly (main specification, robust SEs); control mean (SD) 0.73 (0.44); the treatment mean 0.67 (0.47) is for both arms pooled; N = 1,074; arm sizes from Table A2 (186 twice-monthly, 188 quarterly, 700 control finished both survey parts). The 2024 NBER version (aei:compton, identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1) prints the same numbers in Table 4.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-2", "wave": "Endline survey (18 months after the start of transfers, May-September 2022)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Participated in labor market (1 if weekly hours of work in formal, informal or self-employment are positive)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.06, "se": 0.04, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 188, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 700, "mean": null, "sd": 0.44, "proportion": 0.73 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 3, row 'Participated in labor market', column (5) quarterly (main specification, robust SEs); control mean (SD) 0.73 (0.44); the treatment mean 0.67 (0.47) is for both arms pooled; N = 1,074; arm sizes from Table A2 (186 twice-monthly, 188 quarterly, 700 control finished both survey parts). The 2024 NBER version (aei:compton, identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1) prints the same numbers in Table 4.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-2", "wave": "Endline survey (18 months after the start of transfers, May-September 2022)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Participated in labor market (1 if weekly hours of work in formal, informal or self-employment are positive)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.05, "se": 0.04, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 188, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 700, "mean": null, "sd": 0.44, "proportion": 0.73 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table A8, clustered row, row 'Participated in labor market', column (5) quarterly (robustness specification with SEs clustered by household (and without the same-household control)); control mean (SD) 0.73 (0.44); the treatment mean 0.67 (0.47) is for both arms pooled; N = 1,074; arm sizes from Table A2 (186 twice-monthly, 188 quarterly, 700 control finished both survey parts). The 2024 NBER version (aei:compton, identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1) prints the same numbers in Table A8.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-1", "wave": "Endline survey (18 months after the start of transfers, May-September 2022)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly labor supply in hours (hours worked in formal, informal and self-employment, including zeros; winsorized at the 5th and 95th percentiles)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.21, "se": 1.76, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "FDR-corrected p-value [0.98]", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 186, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 700, "mean": 26.41, "sd": 19.65, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 3, row 'Weekly labor supply in hours' (pre-registered primary outcome), column (4) twice-monthly (main specification); control mean (SD) 26.41 (19.65); treatment mean 25.57 (21.32) is pooled over both arms; N = 1,074. The 2024 NBER version (aei:compton, identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1) prints the same numbers in Table 4.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-2", "wave": "Endline survey (18 months after the start of transfers, May-September 2022)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly labor supply in hours (hours worked in formal, informal and self-employment, including zeros; winsorized at the 5th and 95th percentiles)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.29, "se": 2.17, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "FDR-corrected p-value [1.00]", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 188, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 700, "mean": 26.41, "sd": 19.65, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 3, row 'Weekly labor supply in hours' (pre-registered primary outcome), column (5) quarterly (main specification); control mean (SD) 26.41 (19.65); treatment mean 25.57 (21.32) is pooled over both arms; N = 1,074. The 2024 NBER version (aei:compton, identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1) prints the same numbers in Table 4.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-1", "wave": "Endline survey (18 months after the start of transfers, May-September 2022)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly labor supply in hours (hours worked in formal, informal and self-employment, including zeros; winsorized at the 5th and 95th percentiles)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.2, "se": 1.74, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 186, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 700, "mean": 26.41, "sd": 19.65, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table A8, clustered row, row 'Weekly labor supply in hours' (pre-registered primary outcome), column (4) twice-monthly (robustness specification with SEs clustered by household); control mean (SD) 26.41 (19.65); treatment mean 25.57 (21.32) is pooled over both arms; N = 1,074. The 2024 NBER version (aei:compton, identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1) prints the same numbers in Table A8.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-2", "wave": "Endline survey (18 months after the start of transfers, May-September 2022)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Weekly labor supply in hours (hours worked in formal, informal and self-employment, including zeros; winsorized at the 5th and 95th percentiles)", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.45, "se": 2.14, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": 188, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 700, "mean": 26.41, "sd": 19.65, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table A8, clustered row, row 'Weekly labor supply in hours' (pre-registered primary outcome), column (5) quarterly (robustness specification with SEs clustered by household); control mean (SD) 26.41 (19.65); treatment mean 25.57 (21.32) is pooled over both arms; N = 1,074. The 2024 NBER version (aei:compton, identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1) prints the same numbers in Table A8.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-1", "wave": "Endline survey (18 months after the start of transfers, May-September 2022)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Respondent earnings before taxes, last 30 days", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "USD", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -184, "se": 126, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 699, "mean": 1976, "sd": 1545, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 3, row 'Respondent earnings before taxes', column (4) twice-monthly; control mean (SD) 1,976 (1,545); treatment mean 1,699 (1,495) pooled; N = 1,069 (control n 699 from Table 2). The 2024 NBER version (aei:compton, identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1) prints the same numbers in Table 4 (and Table 3 for the control n).", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-2", "wave": "Endline survey (18 months after the start of transfers, May-September 2022)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Respondent earnings before taxes, last 30 days", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "USD", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -137, "se": 114, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 699, "mean": 1976, "sd": 1545, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 3, row 'Respondent earnings before taxes', column (5) quarterly; control mean (SD) 1,976 (1,545); treatment mean 1,699 (1,495) pooled; N = 1,069 (control n 699 from Table 2). The 2024 NBER version (aei:compton, identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1) prints the same numbers in Table 4 (and Table 3 for the control n).", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-1", "wave": "Endline survey (18 months after the start of transfers, May-September 2022)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Psychological well-being index: first principal component of depression frequency, stress frequency, life satisfaction, happiness and the Kessler 6 (control mean 0, SD 1)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.01, "se": 0.09, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "FDR-corrected p-value [0.98]", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 0.0, "sd": 1.0, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, row 'Psychological well-being index' (pre-registered primary outcome), column (3) twice-monthly (main specification); control mean (SD) 0.00 (1.00); N = 1,072; arm sizes for this outcome not printed. The 2024 NBER version (aei:compton, identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1) prints the same numbers in Table 7.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-2", "wave": "Endline survey (18 months after the start of transfers, May-September 2022)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Psychological well-being index: first principal component of depression frequency, stress frequency, life satisfaction, happiness and the Kessler 6 (control mean 0, SD 1)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.1, "se": 0.1, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "FDR-corrected p-value [0.83]", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 0.0, "sd": 1.0, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, row 'Psychological well-being index' (pre-registered primary outcome), column (4) quarterly (main specification); control mean (SD) 0.00 (1.00); N = 1,072; arm sizes for this outcome not printed. The 2024 NBER version (aei:compton, identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1) prints the same numbers in Table 7.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-1", "wave": "Endline survey (18 months after the start of transfers, May-September 2022)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Psychological well-being index: first principal component of depression frequency, stress frequency, life satisfaction, happiness and the Kessler 6 (control mean 0, SD 1)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.02, "se": 0.09, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 0.0, "sd": 1.0, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table A8, clustered row, row 'Psychological well-being index' (pre-registered primary outcome), column (4) twice-monthly (robustness specification with SEs clustered by household); control mean (SD) 0.00 (1.00); N = 1,072; arm sizes for this outcome not printed. The 2024 NBER version (aei:compton, identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1) prints the same numbers in Table A8.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-2", "wave": "Endline survey (18 months after the start of transfers, May-September 2022)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Psychological well-being index: first principal component of depression frequency, stress frequency, life satisfaction, happiness and the Kessler 6 (control mean 0, SD 1)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.11, "se": 0.1, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 0.0, "sd": 1.0, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table A8, clustered row, row 'Psychological well-being index' (pre-registered primary outcome), column (5) quarterly (robustness specification with SEs clustered by household); control mean (SD) 0.00 (1.00); N = 1,072; arm sizes for this outcome not printed. The 2024 NBER version (aei:compton, identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1) prints the same numbers in Table A8.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-1", "wave": "Follow-up survey (Summer 2023)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Increase in respondent's weekly work hours: 1 if the 5-point change item is 4 or 5 (a little or a lot of increase); reference period not stated in the table", "binary": true, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.02, "se": 0.05, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": 0.38, "proportion": 0.17 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table A14 (Treatment Effects, Follow-up Survey, endline survey sample), column (4) twice-monthly; control mean (SD) 0.17 (0.38); N = 819; arm sizes not printed. The 2024 NBER version (aei:compton, identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1) prints the same numbers in Table A14.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-2", "wave": "Follow-up survey (Summer 2023)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Increase in respondent's weekly work hours: 1 if the 5-point change item is 4 or 5 (a little or a lot of increase); reference period not stated in the table", "binary": true, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.03, "se": 0.05, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": 0.38, "proportion": 0.17 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table A14 (Treatment Effects, Follow-up Survey, endline survey sample), column (5) quarterly; control mean (SD) 0.17 (0.38); N = 819; arm sizes not printed. The 2024 NBER version (aei:compton, identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1) prints the same numbers in Table A14.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-1", "wave": "Follow-up survey (Summer 2023)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Decrease in respondent's weekly work hours: 1 if the 5-point change item is 1 or 2 (a lot or a little of decrease); reference period not stated in the table", "binary": true, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.03, "se": 0.05, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": 0.48, "proportion": 0.37 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table A14 (Treatment Effects, Follow-up Survey, endline survey sample), column (4) twice-monthly; control mean (SD) 0.37 (0.48); N = 819; arm sizes not printed. The 2024 NBER version (aei:compton, identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1) prints the same numbers in Table A14.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-2", "wave": "Follow-up survey (Summer 2023)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Decrease in respondent's weekly work hours: 1 if the 5-point change item is 1 or 2 (a lot or a little of decrease); reference period not stated in the table", "binary": true, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.02, "se": 0.05, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": 0.48, "proportion": 0.37 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table A14 (Treatment Effects, Follow-up Survey, endline survey sample), column (5) quarterly; control mean (SD) 0.37 (0.48); N = 819; arm sizes not printed. The 2024 NBER version (aei:compton, identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1) prints the same numbers in Table A14.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-1", "wave": "Follow-up survey (Summer 2023)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Increase in respondent's weekly earnings: 1 if the 5-point change item is 4 or 5; reference period not stated in the table", "binary": true, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.09, "se": 0.06, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": 0.43, "proportion": 0.24 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table A14 (Treatment Effects, Follow-up Survey, endline survey sample), column (4) twice-monthly; control mean (SD) 0.24 (0.43); N = 819; arm sizes not printed. The 2024 NBER version (aei:compton, identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1) prints the same numbers in Table A14.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-2", "wave": "Follow-up survey (Summer 2023)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Increase in respondent's weekly earnings: 1 if the 5-point change item is 4 or 5; reference period not stated in the table", "binary": true, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.01, "se": 0.05, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": 0.43, "proportion": 0.24 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table A14 (Treatment Effects, Follow-up Survey, endline survey sample), column (5) quarterly; control mean (SD) 0.24 (0.43); N = 819; arm sizes not printed. The 2024 NBER version (aei:compton, identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1) prints the same numbers in Table A14.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-1", "wave": "Follow-up survey (Summer 2023)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Decrease in respondent's weekly earnings: 1 if the 5-point change item is 1 or 2; reference period not stated in the table", "binary": true, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.0, "se": 0.05, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": 0.48, "proportion": 0.37 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table A14 (Treatment Effects, Follow-up Survey, endline survey sample), column (4) twice-monthly; control mean (SD) 0.37 (0.48); N = 819; arm sizes not printed. The 2024 NBER version (aei:compton, identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1) prints the same numbers in Table A14.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-2", "wave": "Follow-up survey (Summer 2023)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Decrease in respondent's weekly earnings: 1 if the 5-point change item is 1 or 2; reference period not stated in the table", "binary": true, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.05, "se": 0.06, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": 0.48, "proportion": 0.37 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table A14 (Treatment Effects, Follow-up Survey, endline survey sample), column (5) quarterly; control mean (SD) 0.37 (0.48); N = 819; arm sizes not printed. The 2024 NBER version (aei:compton, identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1) prints the same numbers in Table A14.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T24-1", "wave": "Endline survey (18 months after the start of transfers, May-September 2022)", "randomized_treated": 345, "randomized_control": 1402, "responded_treated": 186, "responded_control": 700, "where": "Table A2 (Implementation Table): finished both survey parts 186 twice-monthly, 188 quarterly, 700 control, of 345, 350 and 1,402 assigned; Section 3.6: response rate 54% in each treatment arm and 50% in control (51% overall); no significant differential attrition (Table A3). Same in both versions.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-2", "wave": "Endline survey (18 months after the start of transfers, May-September 2022)", "randomized_treated": 350, "randomized_control": 1402, "responded_treated": 188, "responded_control": 700, "where": "Table A2: finished both survey parts 188 quarterly and 700 control, of 350 and 1,402 assigned (response rates 54% and 50%).", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-1", "wave": "Follow-up survey (Summer 2023)", "randomized_treated": 345, "randomized_control": 1402, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Section 3.1: 942 households completed the follow-up survey (45% response rate; 76% of endline respondents); no evidence of differential attrition; per-arm counts not printed ('Attrition tables can be provided upon request'). Table A14 uses N = 819 from the endline survey sample.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" }, { "comparison": "T24-2", "wave": "Follow-up survey (Summer 2023)", "randomized_treated": 350, "randomized_control": 1402, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Section 3.1: 942 households completed the follow-up survey (45% response rate); per-arm counts not printed. Table A14 N = 819.", "source": "registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2" } ], "notes": "Two versions of the paper: the 2025 revision (registered:AEARCTR-0007621_2) and the 2024 NBER working paper (aei:compton, byte-identical to registered:AEARCTR-0007621_1). Every number coded is identical in both, so each result is entered once with the 2025 id and the 2024 table named in 'where'. Entries are the frequency-specific effects (Equation 2) for each comparison; the pooled effects of both arms (column 'overall') match no design comparison and are not coded, and the treatment means printed in the tables are pooled over both arms, so treated means are null. Table A8 robustness rows with household-clustered SEs are entered where their numbers differ from the main table (the twice-monthly labor-participation estimate is identical and is not repeated). Not coded: hours conditional on working (a post-treatment subgroup; the whole-sample hours result exists), participation by baseline hours, household income with or without the transfer, other household members' income or hours, and the heterogeneity tables by sex, income, race, CTC and single motherhood (whole-sample results exist). The follow-up survey reports work hours and earnings only as shares reporting an increase or decrease (Table A14), entered as binary hours and earnings results. The psychological well-being index is a constructed index (parts named in the measure); its components are not reported separately." }, { "trial": "T26", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T26-1", "wave": "Timepoint 3 (10 months after enrollment, August-November 2023)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10 (10 to 50), reported as 'stress and anxiety'", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "While no statistically significant differences were detected in stress and anxiety (text; whether this refers to the between-group ANOVA or the within-group paired t-tests is not stated)", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 131, "mean": 23.91, "sd": 11.38, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 119, "mean": 25.03, "sd": 9.67, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix Table 20 (Average Stress and Anxiety Score at Timepoint 1 and Timepoint 3, M (SD), participants with both surveys): Group A (N=131) T3 23.91 (11.38); Group C (N=119) T3 25.03 (9.67); Figure 26; Mental Health text.", "source": "aei:denver" }, { "comparison": "T26-1", "wave": "Timepoint 3 (10 months after enrollment, August-November 2023)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Parenting Distress Scale (1 = low to 5 = high parenting distress)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": "participants caring for children or dependents under 18", "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 43, "mean": 3.73, "sd": 0.91, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 36, "mean": 3.72, "sd": 0.67, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix Table 21 (Change in Parenting Distress from Timepoint 1 to Timepoint 3, M (SD)): Group A (N=43) T3 3.73 (0.91); Group C (N=36) T3 3.72 (0.67). Only within-group paired t-tests are printed (Group A p 0.01, Group B p 0.06, Group C p 0.03); no between-group result.", "source": "aei:denver" }, { "comparison": "T26-1", "wave": "Timepoint 3 (10 months after enrollment, August-November 2023)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Full-time employment reported as a source of income (% of participants)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 122, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 23 }, "control": { "n": 126, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 21 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 10 (Participant Source of Income at Timepoint 1 and Timepoint 3; participants with both surveys), Full-time employment: Group A (n=122) T3 23%; Group C (n=126) T3 21%; Figure 17. No between-group test printed.", "source": "aei:denver" }, { "comparison": "T26-2", "wave": "Timepoint 3 (10 months after enrollment, August-November 2023)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10 (10 to 50), reported as 'stress and anxiety'", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "While no statistically significant differences were detected in stress and anxiety (text; whether this refers to the between-group ANOVA or the within-group paired t-tests is not stated)", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 100, "mean": 23.66, "sd": 10.29, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 119, "mean": 25.03, "sd": 9.67, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix Table 20 (Average Stress and Anxiety Score at Timepoint 1 and Timepoint 3, M (SD), participants with both surveys): Group B (N=100) T3 23.66 (10.29); Group C (N=119) T3 25.03 (9.67); Figure 26; Mental Health text.", "source": "aei:denver" }, { "comparison": "T26-2", "wave": "Timepoint 3 (10 months after enrollment, August-November 2023)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Parenting Distress Scale (1 = low to 5 = high parenting distress)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": "participants caring for children or dependents under 18", "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 32, "mean": 3.73, "sd": 0.74, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 36, "mean": 3.72, "sd": 0.67, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Appendix Table 21 (Change in Parenting Distress from Timepoint 1 to Timepoint 3, M (SD)): Group B (N=32) T3 3.73 (0.74); Group C (N=36) T3 3.72 (0.67). Only within-group paired t-tests are printed (Group A p 0.01, Group B p 0.06, Group C p 0.03); no between-group result.", "source": "aei:denver" }, { "comparison": "T26-2", "wave": "Timepoint 3 (10 months after enrollment, August-November 2023)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Full-time employment reported as a source of income (% of participants)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": 97, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 37 }, "control": { "n": 126, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 21 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 10 (Participant Source of Income at Timepoint 1 and Timepoint 3; participants with both surveys), Full-time employment: Group B (n=97) T3 37%; Group C (n=126) T3 21%; Figure 17. No between-group test printed.", "source": "aei:denver" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T26-1", "wave": "Timepoint 3 (10 months after enrollment, August-November 2023)", "randomized_treated": null, "randomized_control": null, "responded_treated": 140, "responded_control": 142, "where": "Table 2 (Participant Retention at Each Timepoint): T3 survey completed by Group A 140 (67% of 209 who completed T1) and Group C 142 (62% of 229). The number randomized to each group is not printed (807 enrolled in total; 631 completed T1).", "source": "aei:denver" }, { "comparison": "T26-2", "wave": "Timepoint 3 (10 months after enrollment, August-November 2023)", "randomized_treated": null, "randomized_control": null, "responded_treated": 114, "responded_control": 142, "where": "Table 2: T3 survey completed by Group B 114 (59% of 193 who completed T1) and Group C 142 (62% of 229). Number randomized per group not printed.", "source": "aei:denver" } ], "notes": "The report analyses changes from Timepoint 1 to Timepoint 3 among participants who completed both surveys, with one-way ANOVA between groups and paired t-tests within groups; between-group results are given only as sentences, so estimates are null or carry the report's sentence. Group C (control) received $50 a month; Group B received $6,500 in the first month and $500 a month for 11 months. The Kessler 10 is reported as 'stress and anxiety' and is coded as distress. Parenting distress is coded as stress for the subgroup with children or dependents. Employment: only category shares of income sources are printed; no total share employed (part-time, temporary and informal work are separate rows, not summed). The openalex:W4405976894 abstract is a subsample analysis (age 50+) of housing, overall health and emergency visits, with no outcomes in the codebook." }, { "trial": "T29", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "6-month survey", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10 (items scored 1 to 5 and summed, 10 to 50); average within-stratum unadjusted mean difference", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.84, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 168, "mean": 22.07, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 128, "mean": 23.87, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 6, panel A. Kessler 10 Scale, month 6, column 'Within-stratum mean difference' (no SE printed); control mean 23.87 (N 128), treatment mean 22.07 (N 168).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "6-month survey", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10 (items scored 1 to 5 and summed, 10 to 50); Model 1 (X): controls for baseline income, education and age, by stratum", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -2.37, "se": 1.13, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [0.16]", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 168, "mean": 22.07, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 128, "mean": 23.87, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel A. Kessler 10 Scale, month 6, column Model 1 (X) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean 23.87 (N 128), treatment mean 22.07 (N 168).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "6-month survey", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10 (items scored 1 to 5 and summed, 10 to 50); Model 2 (LDV): controls for the baseline outcome, by stratum", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.13, "se": 0.86, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [0.35]", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 168, "mean": 22.07, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 128, "mean": 23.87, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel A. Kessler 10 Scale, month 6, column Model 2 (LDV) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean 23.87 (N 128), treatment mean 22.07 (N 168).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "6-month survey", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10 (items scored 1 to 5 and summed, 10 to 50); Model 3 (DiD): average within-stratum difference in change from baseline", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.14, "se": 0.99, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [0.44]", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 168, "mean": 22.07, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 128, "mean": 23.87, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel A. Kessler 10 Scale, month 6, column Model 3 (DiD) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean 23.87 (N 128), treatment mean 22.07 (N 168).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "12-month survey", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10 (items scored 1 to 5 and summed, 10 to 50); average within-stratum unadjusted mean difference", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -3.96, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 155, "mean": 20.96, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 126, "mean": 24.64, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 6, panel A. Kessler 10 Scale, month 12, column 'Within-stratum mean difference' (no SE printed); control mean 24.64 (N 126), treatment mean 20.96 (N 155).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "12-month survey", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10 (items scored 1 to 5 and summed, 10 to 50); Model 1 (X): controls for baseline income, education and age, by stratum", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -3.94, "se": 1.24, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [0.02]", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 155, "mean": 20.96, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 126, "mean": 24.64, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel A. Kessler 10 Scale, month 12, column Model 1 (X) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean 24.64 (N 126), treatment mean 20.96 (N 155).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "12-month survey", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10 (items scored 1 to 5 and summed, 10 to 50); Model 2 (LDV): controls for the baseline outcome, by stratum", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -3.78, "se": 0.88, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [<0.01]", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 155, "mean": 20.96, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 126, "mean": 24.64, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel A. Kessler 10 Scale, month 12, column Model 2 (LDV) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean 24.64 (N 126), treatment mean 20.96 (N 155).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "12-month survey", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10 (items scored 1 to 5 and summed, 10 to 50); Model 3 (DiD): average within-stratum difference in change from baseline", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -3.76, "se": 1.13, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [<0.01]", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 155, "mean": 20.96, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 126, "mean": 24.64, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel A. Kessler 10 Scale, month 12, column Model 3 (DiD) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean 24.64 (N 126), treatment mean 20.96 (N 155).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "18-month survey", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10 (items scored 1 to 5 and summed, 10 to 50); average within-stratum unadjusted mean difference", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -4, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 167, "mean": 20.58, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 125, "mean": 24.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 6, panel A. Kessler 10 Scale, month 18, column 'Within-stratum mean difference' (no SE printed); control mean 24.4 (N 125), treatment mean 20.58 (N 167).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "18-month survey", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10 (items scored 1 to 5 and summed, 10 to 50); Model 1 (X): controls for baseline income, education and age, by stratum", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -4.9, "se": 1.2, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [<0.01]", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 167, "mean": 20.58, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 125, "mean": 24.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel A. Kessler 10 Scale, month 18, column Model 1 (X) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean 24.4 (N 125), treatment mean 20.58 (N 167).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "18-month survey", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10 (items scored 1 to 5 and summed, 10 to 50); Model 2 (LDV): controls for the baseline outcome, by stratum", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -3.28, "se": 0.89, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [<0.01]", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 167, "mean": 20.58, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 125, "mean": 24.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel A. Kessler 10 Scale, month 18, column Model 2 (LDV) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean 24.4 (N 125), treatment mean 20.58 (N 167).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "18-month survey", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10 (items scored 1 to 5 and summed, 10 to 50); Model 3 (DiD): average within-stratum difference in change from baseline", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -3.22, "se": 1.13, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [0.02]", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 167, "mean": 20.58, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 125, "mean": 24.4, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel A. Kessler 10 Scale, month 18, column Model 3 (DiD) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean 24.4 (N 125), treatment mean 20.58 (N 167).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "24-month survey (one to two months after the final payment)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10 (items scored 1 to 5 and summed, 10 to 50); average within-stratum unadjusted mean difference", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -2.54, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 168, "mean": 21.22, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 120, "mean": 23.51, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 6, panel A. Kessler 10 Scale, month 24, column 'Within-stratum mean difference' (no SE printed); control mean 23.51 (N 120), treatment mean 21.22 (N 168).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "24-month survey (one to two months after the final payment)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10 (items scored 1 to 5 and summed, 10 to 50); Model 1 (X): controls for baseline income, education and age, by stratum", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -3.15, "se": 1.38, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [0.13]", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 168, "mean": 21.22, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 120, "mean": 23.51, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel A. Kessler 10 Scale, month 24, column Model 1 (X) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean 23.51 (N 120), treatment mean 21.22 (N 168).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "24-month survey (one to two months after the final payment)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10 (items scored 1 to 5 and summed, 10 to 50); Model 2 (LDV): controls for the baseline outcome, by stratum", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.75, "se": 1.06, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [0.33]", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 168, "mean": 21.22, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 120, "mean": 23.51, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel A. Kessler 10 Scale, month 24, column Model 2 (LDV) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean 23.51 (N 120), treatment mean 21.22 (N 168).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "24-month survey (one to two months after the final payment)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10 (items scored 1 to 5 and summed, 10 to 50); Model 3 (DiD): average within-stratum difference in change from baseline", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -1.06, "se": 1.18, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [0.52]", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": 168, "mean": 21.22, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 120, "mean": 23.51, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel A. Kessler 10 Scale, month 24, column Model 3 (DiD) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean 23.51 (N 120), treatment mean 21.22 (N 168).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "6-month survey", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Subjective well-being index (3 items: self-reported health status, happiness, life satisfaction; inverse-covariance weighted, in baseline SD units); average within-stratum unadjusted mean difference", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.15, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 167, "mean": 0.19, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 128, "mean": 0.04, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 6, panel B. Well-Being Index, month 6, column 'Within-stratum mean difference' (no SE printed); control mean 0.04 (N 128), treatment mean 0.19 (N 167).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "6-month survey", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Subjective well-being index (3 items: self-reported health status, happiness, life satisfaction; inverse-covariance weighted, in baseline SD units); Model 1 (X): controls for baseline income, education and age, by stratum", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.21, "se": 0.11, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [0.16]", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 167, "mean": 0.19, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 128, "mean": 0.04, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel B. Well-Being Index, month 6, column Model 1 (X) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean 0.04 (N 128), treatment mean 0.19 (N 167).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "6-month survey", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Subjective well-being index (3 items: self-reported health status, happiness, life satisfaction; inverse-covariance weighted, in baseline SD units); Model 2 (LDV): controls for the baseline outcome, by stratum", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.14, "se": 0.08, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [0.19]", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 167, "mean": 0.19, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 128, "mean": 0.04, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel B. Well-Being Index, month 6, column Model 2 (LDV) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean 0.04 (N 128), treatment mean 0.19 (N 167).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "6-month survey", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Subjective well-being index (3 items: self-reported health status, happiness, life satisfaction; inverse-covariance weighted, in baseline SD units); Model 3 (DiD): average within-stratum difference in change from baseline", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.16, "se": 0.08, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [0.14]", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 167, "mean": 0.19, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 128, "mean": 0.04, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel B. Well-Being Index, month 6, column Model 3 (DiD) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean 0.04 (N 128), treatment mean 0.19 (N 167).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "12-month survey", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Subjective well-being index (3 items: self-reported health status, happiness, life satisfaction; inverse-covariance weighted, in baseline SD units); average within-stratum unadjusted mean difference", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.3, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 155, "mean": 0.28, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 126, "mean": 0.01, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 6, panel B. Well-Being Index, month 12, column 'Within-stratum mean difference' (no SE printed); control mean 0.01 (N 126), treatment mean 0.28 (N 155).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "12-month survey", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Subjective well-being index (3 items: self-reported health status, happiness, life satisfaction; inverse-covariance weighted, in baseline SD units); Model 1 (X): controls for baseline income, education and age, by stratum", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.33, "se": 0.11, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [0.02]", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 155, "mean": 0.28, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 126, "mean": 0.01, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel B. Well-Being Index, month 12, column Model 1 (X) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean 0.01 (N 126), treatment mean 0.28 (N 155).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "12-month survey", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Subjective well-being index (3 items: self-reported health status, happiness, life satisfaction; inverse-covariance weighted, in baseline SD units); Model 2 (LDV): controls for the baseline outcome, by stratum", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.3, "se": 0.07, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [<0.01]", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 155, "mean": 0.28, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 126, "mean": 0.01, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel B. Well-Being Index, month 12, column Model 2 (LDV) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean 0.01 (N 126), treatment mean 0.28 (N 155).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "12-month survey", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Subjective well-being index (3 items: self-reported health status, happiness, life satisfaction; inverse-covariance weighted, in baseline SD units); Model 3 (DiD): average within-stratum difference in change from baseline", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.31, "se": 0.07, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [<0.01]", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 155, "mean": 0.28, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 126, "mean": 0.01, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel B. Well-Being Index, month 12, column Model 3 (DiD) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean 0.01 (N 126), treatment mean 0.28 (N 155).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "18-month survey", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Subjective well-being index (3 items: self-reported health status, happiness, life satisfaction; inverse-covariance weighted, in baseline SD units); average within-stratum unadjusted mean difference", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.34, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 165, "mean": 0.28, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 125, "mean": -0.03, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 6, panel B. Well-Being Index, month 18, column 'Within-stratum mean difference' (no SE printed); control mean -0.03 (N 125), treatment mean 0.28 (N 165).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "18-month survey", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Subjective well-being index (3 items: self-reported health status, happiness, life satisfaction; inverse-covariance weighted, in baseline SD units); Model 1 (X): controls for baseline income, education and age, by stratum", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.42, "se": 0.11, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [<0.01]", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 165, "mean": 0.28, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 125, "mean": -0.03, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel B. Well-Being Index, month 18, column Model 1 (X) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean -0.03 (N 125), treatment mean 0.28 (N 165).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "18-month survey", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Subjective well-being index (3 items: self-reported health status, happiness, life satisfaction; inverse-covariance weighted, in baseline SD units); Model 2 (LDV): controls for the baseline outcome, by stratum", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.34, "se": 0.08, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [<0.01]", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 165, "mean": 0.28, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 125, "mean": -0.03, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel B. Well-Being Index, month 18, column Model 2 (LDV) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean -0.03 (N 125), treatment mean 0.28 (N 165).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "18-month survey", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Subjective well-being index (3 items: self-reported health status, happiness, life satisfaction; inverse-covariance weighted, in baseline SD units); Model 3 (DiD): average within-stratum difference in change from baseline", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.32, "se": 0.09, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [<0.01]", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 165, "mean": 0.28, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 125, "mean": -0.03, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel B. Well-Being Index, month 18, column Model 3 (DiD) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean -0.03 (N 125), treatment mean 0.28 (N 165).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "24-month survey (one to two months after the final payment)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Subjective well-being index (3 items: self-reported health status, happiness, life satisfaction; inverse-covariance weighted, in baseline SD units); average within-stratum unadjusted mean difference", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.24, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": null, "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 165, "mean": 0.26, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 120, "mean": 0.05, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 6, panel B. Well-Being Index, month 24, column 'Within-stratum mean difference' (no SE printed); control mean 0.05 (N 120), treatment mean 0.26 (N 165).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "24-month survey (one to two months after the final payment)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Subjective well-being index (3 items: self-reported health status, happiness, life satisfaction; inverse-covariance weighted, in baseline SD units); Model 1 (X): controls for baseline income, education and age, by stratum", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.23, "se": 0.11, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [0.15]", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 165, "mean": 0.26, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 120, "mean": 0.05, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel B. Well-Being Index, month 24, column Model 1 (X) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean 0.05 (N 120), treatment mean 0.26 (N 165).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "24-month survey (one to two months after the final payment)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Subjective well-being index (3 items: self-reported health status, happiness, life satisfaction; inverse-covariance weighted, in baseline SD units); Model 2 (LDV): controls for the baseline outcome, by stratum", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.19, "se": 0.08, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [0.1]", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 165, "mean": 0.26, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 120, "mean": 0.05, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel B. Well-Being Index, month 24, column Model 2 (LDV) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean 0.05 (N 120), treatment mean 0.26 (N 165).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "24-month survey (one to two months after the final payment)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Subjective well-being index (3 items: self-reported health status, happiness, life satisfaction; inverse-covariance weighted, in baseline SD units); Model 3 (DiD): average within-stratum difference in change from baseline", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.2, "se": 0.08, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-value [0.1]", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 165, "mean": 0.26, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 120, "mean": 0.05, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 6, panel B. Well-Being Index, month 24, column Model 3 (DiD) (robust SE in parentheses, FWER-adjusted p in brackets); control mean 0.05 (N 120), treatment mean 0.26 (N 165).", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "6-month survey", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 329, "responded_treated": 168, "responded_control": 128, "where": "Randomized: Table 2 full study population, treatment 200, control 329. Responded = Kessler 10 Ns at month 6 in Table 6 (verified eligible and responded). Text: across the four data collections 40-42% of control and 68-74% of treatment households verified eligibility and responded; Table 3 gives respondents by stratum.", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "12-month survey", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 329, "responded_treated": 155, "responded_control": 126, "where": "Randomized: Table 2 full study population, treatment 200, control 329. Responded = Kessler 10 Ns at month 12 in Table 6 (verified eligible and responded). Text: across the four data collections 40-42% of control and 68-74% of treatment households verified eligibility and responded; Table 3 gives respondents by stratum.", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "18-month survey", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 329, "responded_treated": 167, "responded_control": 125, "where": "Randomized: Table 2 full study population, treatment 200, control 329. Responded = Kessler 10 Ns at month 18 in Table 6 (verified eligible and responded). Text: across the four data collections 40-42% of control and 68-74% of treatment households verified eligibility and responded; Table 3 gives respondents by stratum.", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "24-month survey (one to two months after the final payment)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 329, "responded_treated": 168, "responded_control": 120, "where": "Randomized: Table 2 full study population, treatment 200, control 329. Responded = Kessler 10 Ns at month 24 in Table 6 (verified eligible and responded). Text: across the four data collections 40-42% of control and 68-74% of treatment households verified eligibility and responded; Table 3 gives respondents by stratum.", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "30-month post-pilot survey (in progress)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 329, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Footnote 13: the 30- and 36-month post-pilot data collections are in progress; no data reported.", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" }, { "comparison": "T29-1", "wave": "36-month post-pilot survey (in progress)", "randomized_treated": 200, "randomized_control": 329, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Footnote 13: the 30- and 36-month post-pilot data collections are in progress; no data reported.", "source": "aei:minneapolis-paper" } ], "notes": "Table 6 prints, for each wave, the arms' means (N), the average within-stratum unadjusted mean difference (no SE) and three pre-specified controlled estimators (Model 1 X, Model 2 LDV, Model 3 DiD) with robust SEs and family-wise-error-rate-adjusted p-values; all four are entered as separate entries. The well-being index (self-reported health status, happiness and life satisfaction) is coded as life satisfaction (subjective well-being). Not coded: the 'Average' rows over all post-baseline waves (no matching design wave) and the labor supply index (Table 5), an inverse-covariance-weighted composite of labor force participation, employment, full-time employment, multiple job holding and usual weekly hours, which matches no codebook work class; no separate employment, hours or earnings results are printed. The overview slide deck (aei:minneapolis-overview) has unreadable tables in the text file; it states 296, 281, 292 and 290 reportable responses at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Estimates are average treatment effects for respondents; Kessler 10 baseline means are 25.00 control and 24.40 treatment (Table 2) with no SD printed." }, { "trial": "T30", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T30-1", "wave": "Mid-pilot (6 months, September 2022)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (version not stated)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Differences between the Embrace Mothers participants and control group members were small, and none was statistically significant", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Chapter 3 text ('Embrace Mothers did not meaningfully reduce stress levels, as measured by the Perceived Stress Scale') and a bar chart whose numbers are not in the text file; sentence only, covering all time points.", "source": "aei:birmingham" }, { "comparison": "T30-1", "wave": "End of pilot (12 months, February 2023, last payment)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (version not stated)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Differences between the Embrace Mothers participants and control group members were small, and none was statistically significant", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Chapter 3 text ('Embrace Mothers did not meaningfully reduce stress levels, as measured by the Perceived Stress Scale') and a bar chart whose numbers are not in the text file; sentence only, covering all time points.", "source": "aei:birmingham" }, { "comparison": "T30-1", "wave": "Post-pilot (6 months after payments ended, September 2023)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived Stress Scale (version not stated)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Differences between the Embrace Mothers participants and control group members were small, and none was statistically significant", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Chapter 3 text ('Embrace Mothers did not meaningfully reduce stress levels, as measured by the Perceived Stress Scale') and a bar chart whose numbers are not in the text file; sentence only, covering all time points.", "source": "aei:birmingham" }, { "comparison": "T30-1", "wave": "Mid-pilot (6 months, September 2022)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10, psychological distress score", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "there were no statistically significant differences in scores between Embrace Mothers participants and control group members either during or [text cut off in the file]", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Chapter 3 text on the Kessler 10 (sentence only; the sentence is cut off in the text file after 'either during or'); appendix tables are not in the file.", "source": "aei:birmingham" }, { "comparison": "T30-1", "wave": "End of pilot (12 months, February 2023, last payment)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10, psychological distress score", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "there were no statistically significant differences in scores between Embrace Mothers participants and control group members either during or [text cut off in the file]", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Chapter 3 text on the Kessler 10 (sentence only; the sentence is cut off in the text file after 'either during or'); appendix tables are not in the file.", "source": "aei:birmingham" }, { "comparison": "T30-1", "wave": "Post-pilot (6 months after payments ended, September 2023)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler 10, psychological distress score", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "there were no statistically significant differences in scores between Embrace Mothers participants and control group members either during or [text cut off in the file]", "kind": "difference", "scale": "points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Chapter 3 text on the Kessler 10 (sentence only; the sentence is cut off in the text file after 'either during or'); appendix tables are not in the file.", "source": "aei:birmingham" }, { "comparison": "T30-1", "wave": "Mid-pilot (6 months, September 2022)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Full-time employment rate (%)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -10, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "not statistically significant ('because these differences are not statistically significant, we cannot confidently attribute this shift to Embrace Mothers')", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 44 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 54 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Chapter 5 text: 'midway through the pilot, the full-time employment rate for Embrace Mothers participants was 10 percentage points lower than for the control group (44% vs. 54%)'; chart titled 'Embrace Mothers did not significantly change full-time work or caregiving during the pilot'. Value coded -10 for 'lower'.", "source": "aei:birmingham" }, { "comparison": "T30-1", "wave": "End of pilot (12 months, February 2023, last payment)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Full-time employment rate (%)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "a similar percentage of Embrace Mothers participants and control group members reported working full-time", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Chapter 5 text, around the last GI payment (sentence only; chart numbers not in the text file).", "source": "aei:birmingham" }, { "comparison": "T30-1", "wave": "Post-pilot (6 months after payments ended, September 2023)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Full-time employment rate (%)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "the two groups did not differ significantly in types of paid or unpaid labor", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Chapter 5 text: 'Six months after the last GI payment, the two groups did not differ significantly in types of paid or unpaid labor' (sentence only).", "source": "aei:birmingham" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T30-1", "wave": "Mid-pilot (6 months, September 2022)", "randomized_treated": 131, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Randomized: 131 assigned to the Embrace Mothers group (110 received GI; 21 inactive members kept in the intent-to-treat analysis) and 132 control. The report shows the number of study members at each follow-up in a graphic whose numbers are not in the text file.", "source": "aei:birmingham" }, { "comparison": "T30-1", "wave": "End of pilot (12 months, February 2023, last payment)", "randomized_treated": 131, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Randomized: 131 assigned to the Embrace Mothers group (110 received GI; 21 inactive members kept in the intent-to-treat analysis) and 132 control. The report shows the number of study members at each follow-up in a graphic whose numbers are not in the text file.", "source": "aei:birmingham" }, { "comparison": "T30-1", "wave": "Post-pilot (6 months after payments ended, September 2023)", "randomized_treated": 131, "randomized_control": 132, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "Randomized: 131 assigned to the Embrace Mothers group (110 received GI; 21 inactive members kept in the intent-to-treat analysis) and 132 control. The report shows the number of study members at each follow-up in a graphic whose numbers are not in the text file.", "source": "aei:birmingham" } ], "notes": "The text file lacks the report's appendix tables (Appendix Tables C2, C4, C5 are cited) and the bar charts' numbers, so the Perceived Stress Scale and Kessler 10 results exist only as sentences covering all time points. Full-time employment has numbers only at mid-pilot; the other waves carry sentences. The report estimates impacts as differences in means with adjustments for sample loss over time; adjustments are not described further. Self-reported household income at mid-pilot (not significantly different) is household income, not earnings, and is not coded. The dashboard:child-outcomes brief is an interview-based brief across four Southeast pilots with no impact estimates." }, { "trial": "T35", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T35-1", "wave": "Final ('April') survey (April 12-May 10, 2021)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Anxious or depressed: 1 if the respondent scored 3 or above on either the PHQ-2 or the GAD-2", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.004, "se": 0.024, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.862, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.304 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.299 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 12 (Components of Health Index, April 2021 survey), row 'Anxious or depressed', without covariates; treatment .304, control .299; N = 1677 (arm sizes not printed).", "source": "aei:chelsea-eats" }, { "comparison": "T35-1", "wave": "Final ('April') survey (April 12-May 10, 2021)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Anxious or depressed: 1 if the respondent scored 3 or above on either the PHQ-2 or the GAD-2", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.014, "se": 0.022, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.528, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.304 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.299 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 12 (Components of Health Index, April 2021 survey), row 'Anxious or depressed', with covariates; treatment .304, control .299; N = 1677 (arm sizes not printed).", "source": "aei:chelsea-eats" }, { "comparison": "T35-1", "wave": "Final ('April') survey (April 12-May 10, 2021)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Respondent worked for pay last week", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.024, "se": 0.026, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.354, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.446 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.422 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 13 (Experimental Impacts - Employment), row 'Respondent worked for pay last week', without covariates; treatment .446, control .422; N = 1693.", "source": "aei:chelsea-eats" }, { "comparison": "T35-1", "wave": "Final ('April') survey (April 12-May 10, 2021)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Respondent worked for pay last week", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.002, "se": 0.021, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.916, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.446 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.422 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 13 (Experimental Impacts - Employment), row 'Respondent worked for pay last week', with covariates; treatment .446, control .422; N = 1693.", "source": "aei:chelsea-eats" }, { "comparison": "T35-1", "wave": "Final ('April') survey (April 12-May 10, 2021)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Respondent hours worked per week", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 1.1, "se": 0.795, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.174, "p_text": null, "kind": "difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 12.6, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 11.5, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Table 13, row 'Respondent hours worked per week', without covariates; treatment 12.6, control 11.5; N = 1693.", "source": "aei:chelsea-eats" }, { "comparison": "T35-1", "wave": "Final ('April') survey (April 12-May 10, 2021)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Respondent hours worked per week", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.369, "se": 0.67, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.582, "p_text": null, "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": 12.6, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": 11.5, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "Table 13, row 'Respondent hours worked per week', with covariates; treatment 12.6, control 11.5; N = 1693.", "source": "aei:chelsea-eats" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T35-1", "wave": "Final ('April') survey (April 12-May 10, 2021)", "randomized_treated": 1067, "randomized_control": 730, "responded_treated": 1026, "responded_control": 680, "where": "Figure 1 (Experimental Samples): 2213 lottery winners and 1402 lottery losers; 1196 and 740 study participants agreed before the lottery; 1067 and 730 after dropping households with 8 or more lottery tickets; 1026 and 680 completed the final survey (96% and 93% response rates). Randomized here = the trimmed study sample, the denominator of the printed response rates.", "source": "aei:chelsea-eats" } ], "notes": "Mental health in the final survey is measured with the PHQ-2 and GAD-2; treatment-control results are printed only for the combined 'anxious or depressed' screen (Table 12), coded as a general mental-health binary result; Table 5 gives depression and anxiety screen rates for the control group only. The pre-specified primary outcome 'Poor physical or mental health' (Table 7) is half general health and is not coded. Each result is printed without and with covariates; both are entered. Household measures (respondent or spouse) are not coded. The analysis keeps all lottery winners in the treatment group (intent to treat); the design's randomized counts (2213 and 1402) are lottery applications, while the study sample is smaller (see attrition). The pmid:39037892 and openalex:W7112998148 abstracts report health-care use only; openalex:W7128786702 has a title only." }, { "trial": "T38", "entries": [], "attrition": [], "notes": "The design has no waves, so no result can be entered. Both files (pilot:impa_1 and dashboard:child-outcomes) are the same text: an interview-based brief on children in four Southeast pilots, with baseline descriptives of interviewees and no treatment-control outcome results for the IMPACT comparison." }, { "trial": "T41", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T41-1", "wave": "Month 30 long survey (6 months after the end of the program)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employment (not further specified)", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "TYI did not appear to have had an impact when compared to services as usual on several long-term outcomes, including employment and education", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "Impact Evaluation, Key Findings, 'Long-term Outcomes' (sentence only, no numbers; the wave is not named). The report states the study lacked statistical power to test differences and compares groups visually.", "source": "pilot:trus_1" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T41-1", "wave": "Month 30 long survey (6 months after the end of the program)", "randomized_treated": 34, "randomized_control": 44, "responded_treated": 26, "responded_control": 36, "where": "Study Methods: 78 enrolled; 34 randomly invited to TYI (29 enrolled; 4 not reached and 1 declining were placed in services as usual), 44 not selected. Figure 6 note, 30-Month: Services as Usual n = 36, Trust Youth Initiative n = 26 (groups as enrolled: TYI n = 29, SAU n = 49). Average response rate across all surveys 82% (93% TYI, 75% SAU).", "source": "pilot:trus_1" } ], "notes": "Employment is reported only as a sentence ('long-term outcomes, including employment'); no numbers or wave are printed, and the sentence is coded at the design's only wave. The report compares young adults enrolled in TYI (n = 29) with services as usual (n = 49, which includes the 5 randomly invited participants who did not enroll), not the randomized arms (34 vs 44)." }, { "trial": "T44", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T44-1", "wave": "endline (T2, June 2024, last month of payments)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10, 10 questions): share 'Likely well'", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "No statistically significant differences between the two groups. (table note)", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": 67, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 32.8 }, "control": { "n": 71, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 25.4 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "1-Year report, Table 13 (Levels of distress, Kessler Distress Scale, %), Endline 2024: Likely well, GI participants 32.8, control 25.4; n = analysis pool of 67 participants and 71 controls who completed both surveys.", "source": "pilot:uwct_1" }, { "comparison": "T44-1", "wave": "endline (T2, June 2024, last month of payments)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10, 10 questions): share with 'Severe' distress", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "No statistically significant differences between the two groups. (table note)", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": 67, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 23.9 }, "control": { "n": 71, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 43.7 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "1-Year report, Table 13, Endline 2024: Severe, GI participants 23.9, control 43.7.", "source": "pilot:uwct_1" }, { "comparison": "T44-1", "wave": "endline (T2, June 2024, last month of payments)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10, 10 questions): share with moderate or severe distress", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "Differences shown in Table 12 [sic] between percentages of GI participants in comparison to the control group that experienced moderate and severe distress were not statistically significant", "kind": "difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": 67, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 46.3 }, "control": { "n": 71, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 57.8 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "1-Year report, Distress text: 'At endline, 57.8% of control group members were experiencing moderate or severe distress, in comparison to 46.3% of GI participants.'", "source": "pilot:uwct_1" }, { "comparison": "T44-1", "wave": "endline (T2, June 2024, last month of payments)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10, 10 questions): predicted share 'Likely to be well'", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.158, "p_text": "p = .158", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 33.6 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 24.4 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "6-month report, Appendix A, Table 7 (Proportion of respondents on levels of the Kessler Distress Scale, %), Endline, 2024: Likely to be well, participants 33.6, control 24.4; predicted probabilities from ordinal logit models with covariates (age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, income, language, employment, public benefits, number of children, foster youth, veteran status).", "source": "pilot:uwct_2" }, { "comparison": "T44-1", "wave": "endline (T2, June 2024, last month of payments)", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10, 10 questions): predicted share with 'Severe mental disorder'", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.165, "p_text": "p = .165", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 28.8 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 38.7 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "6-month report, Appendix A, Table 7, Endline, 2024: Severe mental disorder, participants 28.8, control 38.7; ordinal logit predicted probabilities with covariates.", "source": "pilot:uwct_2" }, { "comparison": "T44-1", "wave": "post-payment, 6 months", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10, 10 questions): predicted share 'Likely to be well'", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.123, "p_text": "p = .123", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 37.5 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 25.1 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "6-month report, Appendix A, Table 7 (Proportion of respondents on levels of the Kessler Distress Scale, %), Post-payment, 6-months: Likely to be well, participants 37.5, control 25.1; predicted probabilities from ordinal logit models with covariates (age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, income, language, employment, public benefits, number of children, foster youth, veteran status). Text: more participants showed traits of 'likely to be well' (p=.123) 6 months out than the control group.", "source": "pilot:uwct_2" }, { "comparison": "T44-1", "wave": "post-payment, 6 months", "class": "distress", "instrument": "K10", "measure": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10, 10 questions): predicted share with 'Severe mental disorder'", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.121, "p_text": "p = .121", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "percentage_points" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 23.0 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 34.8 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "6-month report, Appendix A, Table 7, Post-payment, 6-months: Severe mental disorder, participants 23.0, control 34.8; ordinal logit predicted probabilities with covariates. Text: fewer showed traits of 'severe mental disorder' (p=.121) than those in the control group.", "source": "pilot:uwct_2" }, { "comparison": "T44-1", "wave": "endline (T2, June 2024, last month of payments)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "During the past year, voluntarily reduced the number of hours worked (% yes)", "binary": true, "per": "year", "currency": null, "higher_is": "worse", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 11.9 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 8.5 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "1-Year report, Table 11 (During the past year, did you do any of the following? %), Endline 2024: GI participants 11.9, control 8.5. The table marks significant rows by gold highlighting, which the text file does not show; the text names only 'take time off and look for a job that is more fulfilling' as significant.", "source": "pilot:uwct_1" }, { "comparison": "T44-1", "wave": "endline (T2, June 2024, last month of payments)", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "During the past year, voluntarily increased the number of hours worked (% yes)", "binary": true, "per": "year", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": null, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 16.4 }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 9.9 }, "proportion_unit": "percent", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "1-Year report, Table 11 (During the past year, did you do any of the following? %), Endline 2024: GI participants 16.4, control 9.9. The table marks significant rows by gold highlighting, which the text file does not show; the text names only 'take time off and look for a job that is more fulfilling' as significant.", "source": "pilot:uwct_1" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T44-1", "wave": "endline (T2, June 2024, last month of payments)", "randomized_treated": 80, "randomized_control": 71, "responded_treated": 67, "responded_control": 71, "where": "1-Year report, Methods: 80 GI participants and a control group of 71 applicants; 'Sixty-seven of eighty responded'; analysis pool n = 138 (67 participants and 71 non-participant applicants who completed both surveys). Control members were drawn at endline at random from applicants who agreed to a second survey.", "source": "pilot:uwct_1" }, { "comparison": "T44-1", "wave": "post-payment, 6 months", "randomized_treated": 80, "randomized_control": 71, "responded_treated": null, "responded_control": null, "where": "6-month report: the number responding 6 months after payments is not printed.", "source": "pilot:uwct_2" } ], "notes": "The control group was drawn at endline from the 1,794 non-selected applicants (18% of 10,005) who agreed to a second survey, so both groups' baseline data come from the application survey. Kessler 10 results are printed only as category shares: unadjusted endline percentages (1-Year report Table 13; 'moderate or severe' in the text) and covariate-adjusted predicted probabilities at endline and 6 months after payments (6-month report Table 7); the endline numbers differ between the two reports, so both are entered. The 'mild' and 'moderate' band shares are not coded (not shares above or below one cut-off). No K10 mean scores are printed. Employment: the key-findings line 'Did rates of working one stable full-time job increase? No, it stayed essentially the same (39% versus 40%)' does not say which groups or times are compared, so it is not coded. Hours: only the shares voluntarily reducing or increasing hours in the past year are printed (endline only), coded as binary hours results. The Perceived Stress Scale was added at endline but no results are printed." }, { "trial": "T49", "entries": [], "attrition": [], "notes": "The design has no waves, so no result can be entered. Both files are abstracts (pilot:taypo_1 and openalex:W7159681064) reporting effects without waves (six survey rounds and administrative data): psychological well-being improves by 8.5% on the Kessler 6; employment rises by 18% (abstract 1) or by 7 percentage points (abstract 2); monthly earnings increase by 30%." }, { "trial": "T53", "entries": [ { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 7 (6 months after the program)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mental health and wellbeing (MHW) index: aggregate of mental health (WHO-5 and five PSS-10 items), purpose in life and life satisfaction; standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.331, "se": 0.112, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.003, "p_text": "p-N 0.003; p-F 0.002", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 104, "mean": 0.257, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 1107, "mean": -0.074, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Appendix A.2, Table A.2 (6 Months after Program), row 'MHW Index': treated and control columns are the arms' average standardized changes from baseline; ATE from within-block differences, robust SE, Neyman (p-N) and Fisher (p-F) p-values.", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 7 (6 months after the program)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mental health: aggregate of the WHO-5 and five PSS-10 items (higher = better mental health); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.258, "se": 0.113, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.022, "p_text": "p-N 0.022; p-F 0.022", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 104, "mean": 0.286, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 1107, "mean": 0.028, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Appendix A.2, Table A.2 (6 Months after Program), row 'Mental Health': treated and control columns are the arms' average standardized changes from baseline; ATE from within-block differences, robust SE, Neyman (p-N) and Fisher (p-F) p-values.", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 7 (6 months after the program)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "WHO-5", "measure": "WHO-5 Wellbeing Index (reported as 'WHO-5 Depression'; items 0 to 5, higher = better); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.297, "se": 0.119, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.012, "p_text": "p-N 0.012; p-F 0.012", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 103, "mean": 0.348, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 1107, "mean": 0.051, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Appendix A.2, Table A.2 (6 Months after Program), row 'WHO-5 Depression': treated and control columns are the arms' average standardized changes from baseline; ATE from within-block differences, robust SE, Neyman (p-N) and Fisher (p-F) p-values.", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 7 (6 months after the program)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived stress: five items of the PSS-10 (items 1 to 5), negatively framed items inverted so higher = less stress; standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.181, "se": 0.108, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.092, "p_text": "p-N 0.092; p-F 0.092", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 104, "mean": 0.184, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 1104, "mean": 0.003, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Appendix A.2, Table A.2 (6 Months after Program), row 'PSS Stress': treated and control columns are the arms' average standardized changes from baseline; ATE from within-block differences, robust SE, Neyman (p-N) and Fisher (p-F) p-values.", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 7 (6 months after the program)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "General life satisfaction (single item, 1 to 11); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.209, "se": 0.116, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.073, "p_text": "p-N 0.073; p-F 0.070", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 104, "mean": 0.168, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 1106, "mean": -0.041, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Appendix A.2, Table A.2 (6 Months after Program), row 'General Life Satisfaction': treated and control columns are the arms' average standardized changes from baseline; ATE from within-block differences, robust SE, Neyman (p-N) and Fisher (p-F) p-values.", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 7 (6 months after the program)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Life satisfaction: aggregate of general life satisfaction and the domain satisfaction index; standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.276, "se": 0.117, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.018, "p_text": "p-N 0.018; p-F 0.016", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 104, "mean": 0.187, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 1107, "mean": -0.089, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Appendix A.2, Table A.2 (6 Months after Program), row 'Life Satisfaction': treated and control columns are the arms' average standardized changes from baseline; ATE from within-block differences, robust SE, Neyman (p-N) and Fisher (p-F) p-values.", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 7 (6 months after the program)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Purpose in life (perceived meaningfulness of one's life, single item 1 to 11; eudaimonic wellbeing); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.307, "se": 0.113, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.007, "p_text": "p-N 0.007; p-F 0.006", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 104, "mean": 0.132, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 1105, "mean": -0.175, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Appendix A.2, Table A.2 (6 Months after Program), row 'Purpose in Life': treated and control columns are the arms' average standardized changes from baseline; ATE from within-block differences, robust SE, Neyman (p-N) and Fisher (p-F) p-values.", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 8 (18 months after the program)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mental health and wellbeing (MHW) index: aggregate of mental health (WHO-5 and five PSS-10 items), purpose in life and life satisfaction; standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.362, "se": 0.106, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "p-N 0.000; p-F 0.004", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 100, "mean": 0.272, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 1105, "mean": -0.091, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Appendix A.2, Table A.3 (18 Months after Program), row 'MHW Index': treated and control columns are the arms' average standardized changes from baseline; ATE from within-block differences, robust SE, Neyman (p-N) and Fisher (p-F) p-values.", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 8 (18 months after the program)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Mental health: aggregate of the WHO-5 and five PSS-10 items (higher = better mental health); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.278, "se": 0.109, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.011, "p_text": "p-N 0.011; p-F 0.012", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 100, "mean": 0.29, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 1104, "mean": 0.012, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Appendix A.2, Table A.3 (18 Months after Program), row 'Mental Health': treated and control columns are the arms' average standardized changes from baseline; ATE from within-block differences, robust SE, Neyman (p-N) and Fisher (p-F) p-values.", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 8 (18 months after the program)", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "WHO-5", "measure": "WHO-5 Wellbeing Index (reported as 'WHO-5 Depression'; items 0 to 5, higher = better); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.239, "se": 0.112, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.034, "p_text": "p-N 0.034; p-F 0.03", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 99, "mean": 0.28, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 1102, "mean": 0.041, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Appendix A.2, Table A.3 (18 Months after Program), row 'WHO-5 Depression': treated and control columns are the arms' average standardized changes from baseline; ATE from within-block differences, robust SE, Neyman (p-N) and Fisher (p-F) p-values.", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 8 (18 months after the program)", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived stress: five items of the PSS-10 (items 1 to 5), negatively framed items inverted so higher = less stress; standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.299, "se": 0.106, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.005, "p_text": "p-N 0.005; p-F 0.01", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 99, "mean": 0.272, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 1103, "mean": -0.027, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Appendix A.2, Table A.3 (18 Months after Program), row 'PSS Stress': treated and control columns are the arms' average standardized changes from baseline; ATE from within-block differences, robust SE, Neyman (p-N) and Fisher (p-F) p-values.", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 8 (18 months after the program)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "General life satisfaction (single item, 1 to 11); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.281, "se": 0.129, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.029, "p_text": "p-N 0.029; p-F 0.036", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 99, "mean": 0.201, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 1105, "mean": -0.08, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Appendix A.2, Table A.3 (18 Months after Program), row 'General Life Satisfaction': treated and control columns are the arms' average standardized changes from baseline; ATE from within-block differences, robust SE, Neyman (p-N) and Fisher (p-F) p-values.", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 8 (18 months after the program)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Life satisfaction: aggregate of general life satisfaction and the domain satisfaction index; standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.336, "se": 0.128, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.009, "p_text": "p-N 0.009; p-F 0.014", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 100, "mean": 0.213, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 1105, "mean": -0.123, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Appendix A.2, Table A.3 (18 Months after Program), row 'Life Satisfaction': treated and control columns are the arms' average standardized changes from baseline; ATE from within-block differences, robust SE, Neyman (p-N) and Fisher (p-F) p-values.", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 8 (18 months after the program)", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Purpose in life (perceived meaningfulness of one's life, single item 1 to 11; eudaimonic wellbeing); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": 0.314, "se": 0.104, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.003, "p_text": "p-N 0.003; p-F 0.002", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": 100, "mean": 0.149, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 1103, "mean": -0.165, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Appendix A.2, Table A.3 (18 Months after Program), row 'Purpose in Life': treated and control columns are the arms' average standardized changes from baseline; ATE from within-block differences, robust SE, Neyman (p-N) and Fisher (p-F) p-values.", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 2", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "WHO-5", "measure": "WHO-5 Wellbeing Index (reported as 'WHO-5 Depression'; items 0 to 5, higher = better); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 2, ATE in SD with 95% CI for each survey wave); text: effects 'remain broadly stable over the three-year program, with no evidence of attenuation over time'", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Figure 2 (Dynamics of treatment effects on main mental health and wellbeing outcomes), WHO-5 Depression series, wave 2; plotted only, no numbers printed (WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were not asked in wave 1, the PSS items not in wave 2).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 3", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "WHO-5", "measure": "WHO-5 Wellbeing Index (reported as 'WHO-5 Depression'; items 0 to 5, higher = better); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 2, ATE in SD with 95% CI for each survey wave); text: effects 'remain broadly stable over the three-year program, with no evidence of attenuation over time'", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Figure 2 (Dynamics of treatment effects on main mental health and wellbeing outcomes), WHO-5 Depression series, wave 3; plotted only, no numbers printed (WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were not asked in wave 1, the PSS items not in wave 2).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 4", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "WHO-5", "measure": "WHO-5 Wellbeing Index (reported as 'WHO-5 Depression'; items 0 to 5, higher = better); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 2, ATE in SD with 95% CI for each survey wave); text: effects 'remain broadly stable over the three-year program, with no evidence of attenuation over time'", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Figure 2 (Dynamics of treatment effects on main mental health and wellbeing outcomes), WHO-5 Depression series, wave 4; plotted only, no numbers printed (WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were not asked in wave 1, the PSS items not in wave 2).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 5", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "WHO-5", "measure": "WHO-5 Wellbeing Index (reported as 'WHO-5 Depression'; items 0 to 5, higher = better); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 2, ATE in SD with 95% CI for each survey wave); text: effects 'remain broadly stable over the three-year program, with no evidence of attenuation over time'", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Figure 2 (Dynamics of treatment effects on main mental health and wellbeing outcomes), WHO-5 Depression series, wave 5; plotted only, no numbers printed (WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were not asked in wave 1, the PSS items not in wave 2).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 6", "class": "general_mental_health", "instrument": "WHO-5", "measure": "WHO-5 Wellbeing Index (reported as 'WHO-5 Depression'; items 0 to 5, higher = better); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 2, ATE in SD with 95% CI for each survey wave); text: effects 'remain broadly stable over the three-year program, with no evidence of attenuation over time'", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Figure 2 (Dynamics of treatment effects on main mental health and wellbeing outcomes), WHO-5 Depression series, wave 6; plotted only, no numbers printed (WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were not asked in wave 1, the PSS items not in wave 2).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 1", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived stress: five items of the PSS-10 (items 1 to 5), negatively framed items inverted so higher = less stress; standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 2, ATE in SD with 95% CI for each survey wave); text: effects 'remain broadly stable over the three-year program, with no evidence of attenuation over time'", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Figure 2 (Dynamics of treatment effects on main mental health and wellbeing outcomes), PSS Stress series, wave 1; plotted only, no numbers printed (WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were not asked in wave 1, the PSS items not in wave 2).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 3", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived stress: five items of the PSS-10 (items 1 to 5), negatively framed items inverted so higher = less stress; standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 2, ATE in SD with 95% CI for each survey wave); text: effects 'remain broadly stable over the three-year program, with no evidence of attenuation over time'", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Figure 2 (Dynamics of treatment effects on main mental health and wellbeing outcomes), PSS Stress series, wave 3; plotted only, no numbers printed (WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were not asked in wave 1, the PSS items not in wave 2).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 4", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived stress: five items of the PSS-10 (items 1 to 5), negatively framed items inverted so higher = less stress; standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 2, ATE in SD with 95% CI for each survey wave); text: effects 'remain broadly stable over the three-year program, with no evidence of attenuation over time'", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Figure 2 (Dynamics of treatment effects on main mental health and wellbeing outcomes), PSS Stress series, wave 4; plotted only, no numbers printed (WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were not asked in wave 1, the PSS items not in wave 2).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 5", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived stress: five items of the PSS-10 (items 1 to 5), negatively framed items inverted so higher = less stress; standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 2, ATE in SD with 95% CI for each survey wave); text: effects 'remain broadly stable over the three-year program, with no evidence of attenuation over time'", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Figure 2 (Dynamics of treatment effects on main mental health and wellbeing outcomes), PSS Stress series, wave 5; plotted only, no numbers printed (WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were not asked in wave 1, the PSS items not in wave 2).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 6", "class": "stress", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Perceived stress: five items of the PSS-10 (items 1 to 5), negatively framed items inverted so higher = less stress; standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 2, ATE in SD with 95% CI for each survey wave); text: effects 'remain broadly stable over the three-year program, with no evidence of attenuation over time'", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Figure 2 (Dynamics of treatment effects on main mental health and wellbeing outcomes), PSS Stress series, wave 6; plotted only, no numbers printed (WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were not asked in wave 1, the PSS items not in wave 2).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 2", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "General life satisfaction (single item, 1 to 11); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 2, ATE in SD with 95% CI for each survey wave); text: effects 'remain broadly stable over the three-year program, with no evidence of attenuation over time'", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Figure 2 (Dynamics of treatment effects on main mental health and wellbeing outcomes), General Life Satisfaction series, wave 2; plotted only, no numbers printed (WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were not asked in wave 1, the PSS items not in wave 2).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 3", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "General life satisfaction (single item, 1 to 11); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 2, ATE in SD with 95% CI for each survey wave); text: effects 'remain broadly stable over the three-year program, with no evidence of attenuation over time'", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Figure 2 (Dynamics of treatment effects on main mental health and wellbeing outcomes), General Life Satisfaction series, wave 3; plotted only, no numbers printed (WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were not asked in wave 1, the PSS items not in wave 2).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 4", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "General life satisfaction (single item, 1 to 11); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 2, ATE in SD with 95% CI for each survey wave); text: effects 'remain broadly stable over the three-year program, with no evidence of attenuation over time'", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Figure 2 (Dynamics of treatment effects on main mental health and wellbeing outcomes), General Life Satisfaction series, wave 4; plotted only, no numbers printed (WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were not asked in wave 1, the PSS items not in wave 2).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 5", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "General life satisfaction (single item, 1 to 11); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 2, ATE in SD with 95% CI for each survey wave); text: effects 'remain broadly stable over the three-year program, with no evidence of attenuation over time'", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Figure 2 (Dynamics of treatment effects on main mental health and wellbeing outcomes), General Life Satisfaction series, wave 5; plotted only, no numbers printed (WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were not asked in wave 1, the PSS items not in wave 2).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 6", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "General life satisfaction (single item, 1 to 11); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 2, ATE in SD with 95% CI for each survey wave); text: effects 'remain broadly stable over the three-year program, with no evidence of attenuation over time'", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Figure 2 (Dynamics of treatment effects on main mental health and wellbeing outcomes), General Life Satisfaction series, wave 6; plotted only, no numbers printed (WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were not asked in wave 1, the PSS items not in wave 2).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 1", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Purpose in life (perceived meaningfulness of one's life, single item 1 to 11; eudaimonic wellbeing); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 2, ATE in SD with 95% CI for each survey wave); text: effects 'remain broadly stable over the three-year program, with no evidence of attenuation over time'", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Figure 2 (Dynamics of treatment effects on main mental health and wellbeing outcomes), Purpose in Life series, wave 1; plotted only, no numbers printed (WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were not asked in wave 1, the PSS items not in wave 2).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 2", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Purpose in life (perceived meaningfulness of one's life, single item 1 to 11; eudaimonic wellbeing); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 2, ATE in SD with 95% CI for each survey wave); text: effects 'remain broadly stable over the three-year program, with no evidence of attenuation over time'", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Figure 2 (Dynamics of treatment effects on main mental health and wellbeing outcomes), Purpose in Life series, wave 2; plotted only, no numbers printed (WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were not asked in wave 1, the PSS items not in wave 2).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 3", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Purpose in life (perceived meaningfulness of one's life, single item 1 to 11; eudaimonic wellbeing); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 2, ATE in SD with 95% CI for each survey wave); text: effects 'remain broadly stable over the three-year program, with no evidence of attenuation over time'", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Figure 2 (Dynamics of treatment effects on main mental health and wellbeing outcomes), Purpose in Life series, wave 3; plotted only, no numbers printed (WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were not asked in wave 1, the PSS items not in wave 2).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 4", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Purpose in life (perceived meaningfulness of one's life, single item 1 to 11; eudaimonic wellbeing); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 2, ATE in SD with 95% CI for each survey wave); text: effects 'remain broadly stable over the three-year program, with no evidence of attenuation over time'", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Figure 2 (Dynamics of treatment effects on main mental health and wellbeing outcomes), Purpose in Life series, wave 4; plotted only, no numbers printed (WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were not asked in wave 1, the PSS items not in wave 2).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 5", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Purpose in life (perceived meaningfulness of one's life, single item 1 to 11; eudaimonic wellbeing); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 2, ATE in SD with 95% CI for each survey wave); text: effects 'remain broadly stable over the three-year program, with no evidence of attenuation over time'", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Figure 2 (Dynamics of treatment effects on main mental health and wellbeing outcomes), Purpose in Life series, wave 5; plotted only, no numbers printed (WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were not asked in wave 1, the PSS items not in wave 2).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 6", "class": "life_satisfaction", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Purpose in life (perceived meaningfulness of one's life, single item 1 to 11; eudaimonic wellbeing); standardized change from baseline (divided by the baseline SD)", "binary": false, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 2, ATE in SD with 95% CI for each survey wave); text: effects 'remain broadly stable over the three-year program, with no evidence of attenuation over time'", "kind": "standardized_difference", "scale": "sd_units" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_3 Figure 2 (Dynamics of treatment effects on main mental health and wellbeing outcomes), Purpose in Life series, wave 6; plotted only, no numbers printed (WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were not asked in wave 1, the PSS items not in wave 2).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 1", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Self-reported weekly working hours, change relative to the baseline survey", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 8, per-wave estimates with 95% confidence bands); no per-wave numbers or significance statements in the text", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_2 Figure 8 (Labor outcomes, survey), wave 1; plotted only, no numbers printed.", "source": "pilot:germ_2" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 2", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Self-reported weekly working hours, change relative to the baseline survey", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 8, per-wave estimates with 95% confidence bands); no per-wave numbers or significance statements in the text", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_2 Figure 8 (Labor outcomes, survey), wave 2; plotted only, no numbers printed.", "source": "pilot:germ_2" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 3", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Self-reported weekly working hours, change relative to the baseline survey", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 8, per-wave estimates with 95% confidence bands); no per-wave numbers or significance statements in the text", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_2 Figure 8 (Labor outcomes, survey), wave 3; plotted only, no numbers printed.", "source": "pilot:germ_2" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 4", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Self-reported weekly working hours, change relative to the baseline survey", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 8, per-wave estimates with 95% confidence bands); no per-wave numbers or significance statements in the text", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_2 Figure 8 (Labor outcomes, survey), wave 4; plotted only, no numbers printed.", "source": "pilot:germ_2" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 5", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Self-reported weekly working hours, change relative to the baseline survey", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 8, per-wave estimates with 95% confidence bands); no per-wave numbers or significance statements in the text", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_2 Figure 8 (Labor outcomes, survey), wave 5; plotted only, no numbers printed.", "source": "pilot:germ_2" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 6", "class": "hours", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Self-reported weekly working hours, change relative to the baseline survey", "binary": false, "per": "week", "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 8, per-wave estimates with 95% confidence bands); no per-wave numbers or significance statements in the text", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "hours" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_2 Figure 8 (Labor outcomes, survey), wave 6; plotted only, no numbers printed.", "source": "pilot:germ_2" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 1", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Self-reported net earnings (EUR per month), change relative to the baseline survey", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 8); text: the dynamics over time show a similar pattern to the administrative data, where effects are concentrated in the middle phase with smaller effects at the beginning and end", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_2 Figure 8 (Labor outcomes, survey), wave 1; plotted only, no numbers printed.", "source": "pilot:germ_2" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 2", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Self-reported net earnings (EUR per month), change relative to the baseline survey", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 8); text: the dynamics over time show a similar pattern to the administrative data, where effects are concentrated in the middle phase with smaller effects at the beginning and end", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_2 Figure 8 (Labor outcomes, survey), wave 2; plotted only, no numbers printed.", "source": "pilot:germ_2" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 3", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Self-reported net earnings (EUR per month), change relative to the baseline survey", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 8); text: the dynamics over time show a similar pattern to the administrative data, where effects are concentrated in the middle phase with smaller effects at the beginning and end", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_2 Figure 8 (Labor outcomes, survey), wave 3; plotted only, no numbers printed.", "source": "pilot:germ_2" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 4", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Self-reported net earnings (EUR per month), change relative to the baseline survey", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 8); text: the dynamics over time show a similar pattern to the administrative data, where effects are concentrated in the middle phase with smaller effects at the beginning and end", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_2 Figure 8 (Labor outcomes, survey), wave 4; plotted only, no numbers printed.", "source": "pilot:germ_2" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 5", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Self-reported net earnings (EUR per month), change relative to the baseline survey", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 8); text: the dynamics over time show a similar pattern to the administrative data, where effects are concentrated in the middle phase with smaller effects at the beginning and end", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_2 Figure 8 (Labor outcomes, survey), wave 5; plotted only, no numbers printed.", "source": "pilot:germ_2" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 6", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Self-reported net earnings (EUR per month), change relative to the baseline survey", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": null, "se": null, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": null, "p_text": "figure only (Figure 8); text: the dynamics over time show a similar pattern to the administrative data, where effects are concentrated in the middle phase with smaller effects at the beginning and end", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": null, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_2 Figure 8 (Labor outcomes, survey), wave 6; plotted only, no numbers printed.", "source": "pilot:germ_2" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "IAB administrative records (monthly, averaged over the three payment years)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed: share of days in employment subject to social security contributions, including full-time, part-time and minor employment (IAB records; excludes self-employment and civil servants); change relative to the average over the 12 months before the experiment", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.003, "se": 0.025, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.917, "p_text": "p-val (N) 0.917; p-val (F) 0.914", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 99, "mean": -0.045, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 1278, "mean": -0.042, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_2 Table 2 (Average effects, changes relative to baseline; IAB administrative data averaged over the three payment years): treated and control columns are average changes (for the employment shares, changes in the share of days, as fractions), entered as means; ATE from within-block differences.", "source": "pilot:germ_2" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "IAB administrative records (monthly, averaged over the three payment years)", "class": "employed_any", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed: share of days in employment subject to social security contributions, including full-time, part-time and minor employment (IAB records; excludes self-employment and civil servants); levels", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.029, "se": 0.029, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.323, "p_text": "p-val (N) 0.323; p-val (F) 0.33", "kind": "difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 99, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.835 }, "control": { "n": 1278, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.863 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "germ_2 Appendix D, Table 9 (Average effects, levels; IAB administrative data averaged over the three payment years); ATE from within-block differences without baseline adjustment.", "source": "pilot:germ_2" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "IAB administrative records (monthly, averaged over the three payment years)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full-time: share of days in full-time employment subject to social security contributions (IAB records); change relative to the average over the 12 months before the experiment", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.051, "se": 0.027, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.065, "p_text": "p-val (N) 0.065; p-val (F) 0.07", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 99, "mean": -0.056, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 1278, "mean": -0.005, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_2 Table 2 (Average effects, changes relative to baseline; IAB administrative data averaged over the three payment years): treated and control columns are average changes (for the employment shares, changes in the share of days, as fractions), entered as means; ATE from within-block differences.", "source": "pilot:germ_2" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "IAB administrative records (monthly, averaged over the three payment years)", "class": "employed_full_time", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Employed full-time: share of days in full-time employment subject to social security contributions (IAB records); levels", "binary": true, "per": null, "currency": null, "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -0.04, "se": 0.038, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.285, "p_text": "p-val (N) 0.285; p-val (F) 0.27", "kind": "difference", "scale": "proportion" }, "treated": { "n": 99, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.641 }, "control": { "n": 1278, "mean": null, "sd": null, "proportion": 0.682 }, "proportion_unit": "fraction", "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "germ_2 Appendix D, Table 9 (Average effects, levels; IAB administrative data averaged over the three payment years); ATE from within-block differences without baseline adjustment.", "source": "pilot:germ_2" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "IAB administrative records (monthly, averaged over the three payment years)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Net earnings (gross earnings less employee social insurance contributions and income tax), EUR per month (IAB records); change relative to the average over the 12 months before the experiment", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -53.829, "se": 50.593, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.287, "p_text": "p-val (N) 0.287; p-val (F) 0.322", "kind": "adjusted_difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": 99, "mean": 104.225, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 1278, "mean": 158.054, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": true, "where": "germ_2 Table 2 (Average effects, changes relative to baseline; IAB administrative data averaged over the three payment years): treated and control columns are average changes (for the employment shares, changes in the share of days, as fractions), entered as means; ATE from within-block differences.", "source": "pilot:germ_2" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "IAB administrative records (monthly, averaged over the three payment years)", "class": "earnings", "instrument": "other", "measure": "Net earnings (gross earnings less employee social insurance contributions and income tax), EUR per month (IAB records); levels", "binary": false, "per": "month", "currency": "EUR", "higher_is": "better", "subgroup": null, "estimate": { "value": -83.427, "se": 73.325, "lower": null, "upper": null, "level": null, "p": 0.255, "p_text": "p-val (N) 0.255; p-val (F) 0.26", "kind": "difference", "scale": "currency" }, "treated": { "n": 99, "mean": 1750.104, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "control": { "n": 1278, "mean": 1833.531, "sd": null, "proportion": null }, "proportion_unit": null, "baseline_sd": null, "adjusted": false, "where": "germ_2 Appendix D, Table 9 (Average effects, levels; IAB administrative data averaged over the three payment years); ATE from within-block differences without baseline adjustment.", "source": "pilot:germ_2" } ], "attrition": [ { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 1", "randomized_treated": 107, "randomized_control": 1580, "responded_treated": 107, "responded_control": null, "where": "germ_3 Section 6 (Attrition): no attrition during waves 1 to 6 in the treatment group; in the control group 71% completed all 6 surveys, 79% at least 5, 88% at least 3 and 97% at least 1; germ_2: response rates of about 80-90% for each wave. Per-wave control counts not printed.", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 2", "randomized_treated": 107, "randomized_control": 1580, "responded_treated": 107, "responded_control": null, "where": "germ_3 Section 6 (Attrition): no attrition during waves 1 to 6 in the treatment group; in the control group 71% completed all 6 surveys, 79% at least 5, 88% at least 3 and 97% at least 1; germ_2: response rates of about 80-90% for each wave. Per-wave control counts not printed.", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 3", "randomized_treated": 107, "randomized_control": 1580, "responded_treated": 107, "responded_control": null, "where": "germ_3 Section 6 (Attrition): no attrition during waves 1 to 6 in the treatment group; in the control group 71% completed all 6 surveys, 79% at least 5, 88% at least 3 and 97% at least 1; germ_2: response rates of about 80-90% for each wave. Per-wave control counts not printed.", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 4", "randomized_treated": 107, "randomized_control": 1580, "responded_treated": 107, "responded_control": null, "where": "germ_3 Section 6 (Attrition): no attrition during waves 1 to 6 in the treatment group; in the control group 71% completed all 6 surveys, 79% at least 5, 88% at least 3 and 97% at least 1; germ_2: response rates of about 80-90% for each wave. Per-wave control counts not printed.", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 5", "randomized_treated": 107, "randomized_control": 1580, "responded_treated": 107, "responded_control": null, "where": "germ_3 Section 6 (Attrition): no attrition during waves 1 to 6 in the treatment group; in the control group 71% completed all 6 surveys, 79% at least 5, 88% at least 3 and 97% at least 1; germ_2: response rates of about 80-90% for each wave. Per-wave control counts not printed.", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 6", "randomized_treated": 107, "randomized_control": 1580, "responded_treated": 107, "responded_control": null, "where": "germ_3 Section 6 (Attrition): no attrition during waves 1 to 6 in the treatment group; in the control group 71% completed all 6 surveys, 79% at least 5, 88% at least 3 and 97% at least 1; germ_2: response rates of about 80-90% for each wave. Per-wave control counts not printed.", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 7 (6 months after the program)", "randomized_treated": 107, "randomized_control": 1580, "responded_treated": 104, "responded_control": 1107, "where": "germ_3 Table A.2: n treated 104, n control 1107 (MHW index; 103 to 104 and 1104 to 1107 across outcomes).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "Wave 8 (18 months after the program)", "randomized_treated": 107, "randomized_control": 1580, "responded_treated": 100, "responded_control": 1105, "where": "germ_3 Table A.3: n treated 100, n control 1105 (MHW index; 99 to 100 and 1102 to 1105 across outcomes).", "source": "pilot:germ_3" }, { "comparison": "T53-1", "wave": "IAB administrative records (monthly, averaged over the three payment years)", "randomized_treated": 107, "randomized_control": 1580, "responded_treated": 99, "responded_control": 1278, "where": "germ_2 Section 3: administrative data for participants who agreed to link survey and administrative data, 99 treated and 1278 control (Table 2 n).", "source": "pilot:germ_2" } ], "notes": "Per-wave numbers are printed only for waves 7 and 8 (germ_3 Tables A.2 and A.3) and for the IAB administrative data averaged over the payment years (germ_2 Tables 2 and 9, changes and levels, both entered). Waves 1 to 6 appear only in figures (germ_3 Figure 2; germ_2 Figure 8), entered as figure-only results with null numbers. Not coded because no design wave matches: results averaged over waves 1 to 6 (germ_3 Table 2, e.g. mental health 0.306 SD, WHO-5 0.319, PSS 0.295, general life satisfaction 0.351, and Table A.1 in levels; germ_2 Table 3, e.g. working hours -1.347 (SE 1.016) and net earnings -97.630 (SE 50.055); germ_1 summary averages, e.g. gross earnings 127 EUR lower and general life satisfaction 7.6 vs 7.1) and the per-month administrative estimates (germ_2 Figures 4-5). Mental health outcomes are standardized changes from baseline; the PSS items are inverted so higher means less stress, and the WHO-5 (labelled 'WHO-5 Depression') is higher-is-better. Purpose in life and the life-satisfaction aggregate are coded as life satisfaction (subjective well-being); the MHW index is coded as a general mental-health index with its parts named. Domain satisfactions (health, sleep, work, income, leisure, social) and the domain satisfaction index alone are not coded. Also not coded: employer costs (not earnings), survey 'not unemployed' and self-employment shares, and the germ_1 statement that about 90% of both groups were employed at each survey. p-values printed as 0.000 are kept as text with p null." } ]