[
 {
  "trial": "T01",
  "eligible": true,
  "why": "Individuals were randomized to $1,000 a month for three years, unconditional and flat, against a control getting $50 a month, in Illinois and Texas, with mental health and employment among the reported outcomes.",
  "country": "United States",
  "sites": [
   "Northern Illinois (nine counties including the Chicago area)",
   "North central Texas (ten counties including the Dallas-Fort Worth area)"
  ],
  "population": "Adults aged 21-40 with 2019 household income at or below 300% of the federal poverty level, excluding SSI/SSDI recipients and residents of publicly subsidized housing",
  "years": "2020-11 to 2023-10",
  "arms": [
   {
    "label": "Treatment ($1,000/month)",
    "kind": "recurring",
    "amount": 1000,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 36,
    "n_randomized": 1000
   },
   {
    "label": "Control ($50/month)",
    "kind": "control",
    "amount": 50,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 36,
    "n_randomized": 2000
   }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
   {
    "id": "T01-1",
    "treated": "Treatment ($1,000/month)",
    "control": "Control ($50/month)",
    "kind": "recurring"
   }
  ],
  "randomization": "individual",
  "stratified_by": "race/ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, other), income group (0-100%, 101-200%, 201-300% FPL), and state, in blocks of three matched on baseline covariates with a 1-in-3 chance of treatment; a separate stratum held the 20 multi-person clusters",
  "payment_start": "2020-11",
  "payment_months": 36,
  "waves": [
   {
    "label": "Year 1 (monthly online surveys and app diaries, Nov 2020-Oct 2021)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 6,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "life_satisfaction",
     "employment",
     "hours",
     "earnings"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "Year 2 (monthly online surveys and app diaries, Nov 2021-Oct 2022)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 18,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "life_satisfaction",
     "employment",
     "hours",
     "earnings"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "Midline (enumerated survey, Apr-Aug 2022)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 18,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "employment",
     "hours",
     "earnings"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "Year 3 (monthly online surveys and app diaries, Nov 2022-Oct 2023)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 30,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "life_satisfaction",
     "employment",
     "hours",
     "earnings"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "Endline (enumerated survey, Mar-Aug 2023)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 30,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "employment",
     "hours",
     "earnings"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "Biomarker home visits (Oct 2023-Feb 2024)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 37,
    "during_payments": false,
    "measures": []
   },
   {
    "label": "UI records after transfers ended (event study to early 2024)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 39,
    "during_payments": false,
    "measures": [
     "employment",
     "earnings"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "mental_health_instruments": [
   "Kessler 6 (K6)",
   "PHQ-9",
   "Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item screener (GAD-2)",
   "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10)",
   "SF-12 emotional-problem items (accomplished less, less careful, interfered with social activities)",
   "Days mental health good of last 30",
   "an index of mental health (family index of the above)",
   "Subjective well-being index (life satisfaction, domain satisfaction, SPANE affect balance)"
  ],
  "employment_measures": [
   "employed (survey)",
   "employed (UI records, quarterly)",
   "hours worked per week (survey job modules)",
   "hours of market work (app time diaries and ATUS-style surveys)",
   "individual and household income excluding transfers",
   "salaried/wage income (UI records and survey)",
   "labor force participation",
   "duration of non-employment",
   "partner's and household members' work hours",
   "job search and quality of employment"
  ],
  "evaluator": "OpenResearch with academic co-investigators (Vivalt, Rhodes, Bartik, Broockman, Krause, Miller); surveys fielded by the University of Michigan Survey Research Center",
  "result_reports": [
   "aei:openresearch-employment",
   "aei:openresearch-health"
  ],
  "notes": "Two randomizations: a blocked lottery from eligible applicants into the 3,000-person sample, then assignment of 1 in 3 to treatment after enrollment. Everyone got $50/month during the enrollment period (Oct 2019-Oct 2020) before the second randomization, and the control kept getting $50/month for the 36 months. Acquaintances were grouped into 20 clusters (18 of 2, 2 of 3) assigned together. One treated participant was removed for breaking program rules and replaced from a waitlist; analyses are intent-to-treat with 1,001 assigned to treatment. Transfers were untaxed gifts; Illinois SB 1735 protected several benefits, Texas protected only Medicaid and energy assistance. Year waves pool the monthly online surveys (and app time diaries; UI quarterly records for employment and earnings) within each payment year, and their months are each year's midpoint. Midline about 18 months and endline about 30 months into payments as the reports state. Pooled main estimates weight endline 70%/midline 30% and year 3 50%, year 2 30%, year 1 20%. PSS, GAD-2, and the SF-12 items were asked only in online surveys; K6, PHQ-9, and days of good mental health also at midline and endline. UI data cover about 71-73% of consenting participants. The consumption paper (aei:openresearch-consumption) reports no mental health or employment outcomes."
 },
 {
  "trial": "T02",
  "eligible": true,
  "why": "Mothers of newborns in poverty were individually randomized to an unconditional, flat $333 a month on a cash-usable debit card against a nominal $20 a month, in four US cities, with maternal mental health and employment reported.",
  "country": "United States",
  "sites": [
   "New York City",
   "New Orleans",
   "Omaha",
   "Minneapolis-St. Paul (Twin Cities)"
  ],
  "population": "Mothers aged 18+ of healthy singleton newborns, recruited on postpartum wards of 12 hospitals, with prior-year household income below the federal poverty line, English or Spanish speaking",
  "years": "2018-05 to 2025-09",
  "arms": [
   {
    "label": "High-cash gift ($333/month)",
    "kind": "recurring",
    "amount": 333,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 76,
    "n_randomized": 400
   },
   {
    "label": "Low-cash gift ($20/month)",
    "kind": "control",
    "amount": 20,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 76,
    "n_randomized": 600
   }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
   {
    "id": "T02-1",
    "treated": "High-cash gift ($333/month)",
    "control": "Low-cash gift ($20/month)",
    "kind": "recurring"
   }
  ],
  "randomization": "individual",
  "stratified_by": "site (randomized within each of the four sites, 40% high-cash and 60% low-cash, from pre-randomized rosters)",
  "payment_start": "2018-05",
  "payment_months": 76,
  "waves": [
   {
    "label": "Age 1 (child's first birthday, Jul 2019-Jul 2020)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 12,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "life_satisfaction",
     "employment",
     "hours",
     "earnings"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "Age 2 (phone survey)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 24,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "life_satisfaction",
     "employment",
     "hours",
     "earnings"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "Age 3 (phone survey)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 36,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "life_satisfaction",
     "employment",
     "hours",
     "earnings"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "Age 4 (university visit, Jul 2022-Aug 2023)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 48,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "employment",
     "hours",
     "earnings"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "mental_health_instruments": [
   "PHQ-8",
   "GAD-7 (ages 2, 3, 4)",
   "Beck Anxiety Inventory (ages 1, 3)",
   "Perceived Stress Scale (9 items at ages 1-2, 10 at age 3)",
   "Parenting stress index (PSID aggravation in parenting plus GAIN parenting competence)",
   "Maternal hair cortisol (age 1)",
   "Global happiness (GSS single item)"
  ],
  "employment_measures": [
   "ever worked for pay or self-employed since the birth (age 1)",
   "working for pay at the time of the survey",
   "hours worked per week at all jobs",
   "months to labor market and full-time re-entry after the birth",
   "labor market participation (age 4)",
   "mother's earnings in the previous calendar year (age 4)",
   "maternal and household earnings (age 1)"
  ],
  "evaluator": "Baby's First Years study team (Columbia University/Teachers College, UC Irvine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, NYU, University of Maryland, Duke University and others), with recruitment and surveys by the University of Michigan Survey Research Center",
  "result_reports": [
   "pmid:40804074",
   "pmid:40522644",
   "bfy:nber-w30379",
   "bfy:employment-ssr",
   "NCT03593356",
   "bfy:wellbeing-ssrn",
   "bfy:health-jamaped",
   "pmid:36798246",
   "pmid:40726482",
   "pmid:38907028"
  ],
  "notes": "The $20/month low-cash gift is a nominal payment and serves as the control. Gifts were loaded monthly on a 4MyBaby debit card, activated in the hospital with the first payment, usable for purchases and ATM cash withdrawals, and not contingent on research participation. Enrollment and first payments were staggered from May 2018 to June 2019, so months are counted from each child's birth. Payments were first promised for 40 months, extended in June 2021 to 52 and in June 2022 to 76 months (to just past the sixth birthday); every wave coded fell during payments. Three high-cash mothers who refused the card within three days were replaced to keep 400 high-cash at baseline; 24 families got one-time bank overpayments. Benefits (SNAP, TANF, Medicaid, child care, LIHEAP) were protected; the gift counted as income for SSI. The age-1 wave moved from home visits to phone on March 13, 2020; ages 2 and 3 were by phone. Employment, hours, and household earnings at ages 2-4 come from abstract-only reports (pmid:40726482 covers the first four years and finds lower hours in 2020-21; pmid:38907028 covers paid work through age 3); age-4 labor participation and maternal earnings also from the registry's posted results. Happiness is a single global happiness item, coded as life_satisfaction. Not result reports for this comparison: bfy:mh-covid-imhj (low-cash group only), pmid:32289072 (about Stockton's SEED), openalex:W3003049408 (a separate 30-mother NYC pilot of $100 vs $20 a month for 12 months)."
 },
 {
  "trial": "T03",
  "eligible": true,
  "why": "Stockton residents were individually randomized to an unconditional, flat $500 a month for 24 months on a prepaid debit card or a no-cash control, with Kessler 10 distress and employment reported.",
  "country": "United States",
  "sites": [
   "Stockton, California"
  ],
  "population": "Adults 18+ with a Stockton mailing address in census tracts at or below the city's median household income ($46,033), who answered a mailed invitation",
  "years": "2019-02 to 2021-01",
  "arms": [
   {
    "label": "Treatment (guaranteed income $500/month)",
    "kind": "recurring",
    "amount": 500,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 24,
    "n_randomized": 131
   },
   {
    "label": "Control (active control)",
    "kind": "control",
    "amount": 0,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 0,
    "n_randomized": 200
   },
   {
    "label": "Administrative control (passive, not surveyed)",
    "kind": "control",
    "amount": 0,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 0,
    "n_randomized": 147
   }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
   {
    "id": "T03-1",
    "treated": "Treatment (guaranteed income $500/month)",
    "control": "Control (active control)",
    "kind": "recurring"
   }
  ],
  "randomization": "individual",
  "stratified_by": null,
  "payment_start": "2019-02",
  "payment_months": 24,
  "waves": [
   {
    "label": "Wave 3 (August 2019)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 6,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": []
   },
   {
    "label": "Wave 4 (February 2020)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 12,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "Wave 5 (August 2020)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 18,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": []
   },
   {
    "label": "Wave 6 (February 2021, final disbursement)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 24,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "Wave 7 (August 2021, 6-month follow-up)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 30,
    "during_payments": false,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "employment"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "mental_health_instruments": [
   "Kessler 10 (K10)",
   "SF-36 emotional wellbeing subscale",
   "SF-36 role limitations due to emotional health subscale"
  ],
  "employment_measures": [
   "employed (full-time, part-time, or stay-at-home parent/caregiver) vs. unemployed, among those eligible for employment"
  ],
  "evaluator": "SEED's research team (Amy Castro Baker and Stacia Martin-West; methods approved by the University of Tennessee, Knoxville IRB), for the Stockton Economic Empowerment Demonstration (Office of Mayor Michael Tubbs and the Economic Security Project)",
  "result_reports": [
   "pmid:37037977"
  ],
  "notes": "Simple random assignment of 478 applicants (recruitment mailers went to a stratified random sample of addresses in 42 low-income census tracts). The active control got no cash and took part in surveys; 147 more were randomized to an administrative control that was not surveyed. A politically purposive cohort of 14 recipients (not randomized) was excluded from analysis. Payments were planned for 18 months and extended to 24 (Feb 2019-Jan 2021), on a prepaid debit card without work requirements or spending restrictions; some benefits could not be protected. Wave 2 (Jan-Feb 2019) coincided with the first payment and serves as a baseline for some measures; Waves 3 and 5 had no MH or employment results presented. K10 and employment ANCOVAs adjust for baseline at Wave 4, but for Wave 4 at Wave 6 and for Wave 6 at Wave 7. Employment counts stay-at-home parents and caregivers as employed and excludes the retired, disabled, and students. Attrition was heavy (retention about 35% control, 55% treatment by endline; ITT analyses of 198 control and 110 treatment). The pandemic began after Wave 4."
 },
 {
  "trial": "T04",
  "eligible": true,
  "why": "Single caregivers in Cambridge were randomly assigned to an unconditional, flat $500 a month for 18 months or a no-cash control, with Kessler 10 distress, perceived stress, and employment reported at 6, 12, and 18 months.",
  "country": "United States",
  "sites": [
   "Cambridge, Massachusetts"
  ],
  "population": "Cambridge residents aged 18+ who were single (unmarried) caregivers of at least one child under 18, with household income below 80% of the Area Median Income",
  "years": "2021-09 to 2023-02",
  "arms": [
   {
    "label": "Treatment (Cambridge RISE, $500/month)",
    "kind": "recurring",
    "amount": 500,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 18,
    "n_randomized": 130
   },
   {
    "label": "Control",
    "kind": "control",
    "amount": 0,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 0,
    "n_randomized": 156
   }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
   {
    "id": "T04-1",
    "treated": "Treatment (Cambridge RISE, $500/month)",
    "control": "Control",
    "kind": "recurring"
   }
  ],
  "randomization": "individual",
  "stratified_by": null,
  "payment_start": "2021-09",
  "payment_months": 18,
  "waves": [
   {
    "label": "6-month (February 2022)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 6,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "12-month (August 2022)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 12,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "18-month (February 2023)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 18,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "mental_health_instruments": [
   "Kessler 10 (K10)",
   "Perceived Stress Scale, 4-item (PSS-4)"
  ],
  "employment_measures": [
   "employed full-time",
   "employed part-time or seasonal",
   "stay-at-home caregiver",
   "self-employed or business owner",
   "unemployed and seeking work"
  ],
  "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania",
  "result_reports": [
   "cgir:CGIR-Report-Cambridge-MA"
  ],
  "notes": "286 of 488 applicants were selected and randomized (130 treatment, 156 control); baseline in June 2021 before assignment. Benefit waivers protected housing and DTA (cash and food) benefits. Payment method is not stated. The planned 6-month post-program survey was dropped because eligible participants moved into a second program, Rise Up, after February 2023, so all waves fall during payments (the 18-month survey coincided with the last payment). Attrition was high, especially at 6 months (50% overall; 78 treatment vs 65 control responded), with differential attrition; outcomes were multiply imputed (MICE) and reported as adjusted mean differences. Employment is reported as shares in each status by wave with chi-square tests (full-time 40% vs 28% at 12 months). The SF-36 mental health subscales were not collected."
 },
 {
  "trial": "T05",
  "eligible": true,
  "why": "Fathers in two Columbia zip codes were randomized by simple random assignment to an unconditional, flat $500 a month for 12 months or a no-cash control, with Kessler 10 distress, perceived stress, and employment reported.",
  "country": "United States",
  "sites": [
   "Columbia, South Carolina (zip codes 29203 and 29223)"
  ],
  "population": "Fathers living in the 29203 or 29223 zip codes who were current or former clients of the Midlands Fatherhood Coalition",
  "years": "2021-08 to 2022-09",
  "arms": [
   {
    "label": "Treatment (CLIMB, $500/month)",
    "kind": "recurring",
    "amount": 500,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 12,
    "n_randomized": 100
   },
   {
    "label": "Control",
    "kind": "control",
    "amount": 0,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 0,
    "n_randomized": 130
   }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
   {
    "id": "T05-1",
    "treated": "Treatment (CLIMB, $500/month)",
    "control": "Control",
    "kind": "recurring"
   }
  ],
  "randomization": "individual",
  "stratified_by": null,
  "payment_start": "2021-08",
  "payment_months": 12,
  "waves": [
   {
    "label": "6 months (February 2022)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 6,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "12 months (August 2022, end of payments)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 12,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "18 months (February 2023, 6 months after the program)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 18,
    "during_payments": false,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "mental_health_instruments": [
   "Kessler 10 (K10)",
   "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)"
  ],
  "employment_measures": [
   "employed full-time",
   "employed part-time or seasonal",
   "stay-at-home parent or caregiver",
   "business owner or self-employed",
   "gig worker",
   "unemployed and looking for work"
  ],
  "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania",
  "result_reports": [
   "cgir:CGIR-Report-Columbia-SC"
  ],
  "notes": "Program run by the Midlands Fatherhood Coalition, funded by Mayors for a Guaranteed Income and the Central Carolina Community Foundation. Baseline January-April 2021 before simple random assignment. The report gives the payment span as August 2021 to September 2022 for one year of $500 payments and dates the 12-month survey (August 2022) to the end of payments; payment method not stated. Most fathers were non-custodial and paid about $300 a month in child support or other court-ordered obligations. The attrition appendix lists 132 controls at baseline (text says 130). Attrition was high and differential (overall 51%, 43%, 54% at 6, 12, 18 months); outcomes were multiply imputed (MICE) and reported as regression-adjusted mean differences. Employment is reported as shares in each status by wave."
 },
 {
  "trial": "T06",
  "eligible": true,
  "why": "Formerly incarcerated Durham residents were randomized to an unconditional, flat $600 a month for 12 months on a prepaid debit card or a no-cash control, with Kessler 10 distress, perceived stress, and employment reported.",
  "country": "United States",
  "sites": [
   "Durham, North Carolina"
  ],
  "population": "Durham city residents aged 18+ released from incarceration within the previous 5 years, with income at or below 60% of the 2021 Durham-Chapel Hill area median income",
  "years": "2022-03 to 2023-02",
  "arms": [
   {
    "label": "Treatment (Excel, $600/month)",
    "kind": "recurring",
    "amount": 600,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 12,
    "n_randomized": 109
   },
   {
    "label": "Control",
    "kind": "control",
    "amount": 0,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 0,
    "n_randomized": 138
   }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
   {
    "id": "T06-1",
    "treated": "Treatment (Excel, $600/month)",
    "control": "Control",
    "kind": "recurring"
   }
  ],
  "randomization": "individual",
  "stratified_by": null,
  "payment_start": "2022-03",
  "payment_months": 12,
  "waves": [
   {
    "label": "6 months (August 2022)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 6,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "12 months (February 2023, end of payments)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 12,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "18 months (August 2023, 6 months after payments ended)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 18,
    "during_payments": false,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "mental_health_instruments": [
   "Kessler 10 (K10), with depression and anxiety subscales",
   "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)"
  ],
  "employment_measures": [
   "employed full-time",
   "employed part-time",
   "unemployed and looking for work",
   "stay-at-home caregiver",
   "gig worker",
   "business owner or self-employed"
  ],
  "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania",
  "result_reports": [
   "cgir:CGIR-Report-Durham-NC"
  ],
  "notes": "247 of about 870 applicants were selected and assigned (109 treatment, 138 control); baseline January 2022. Program launched March 2022 by the City of Durham with StepUp Durham; payments on a monthly prepaid debit card; the 18-month survey was 6 months after disbursement stopped, so payments are taken as March 2022-February 2023. Baseline equivalence was not established (imbalance in ethnicity, and treatment more often employed full-time at baseline), so models adjust for ethnicity; GEE/mixed models and regression-adjusted means after multiple imputation (MICE). Attrition 27%, 33%, 36% at 6, 12, 18 months, with large differential attrition (more loss in control). Employment is reported as shares by status with GLMM logit tests. Participants also reported substantial court-ordered fines and fees."
 },
 {
  "trial": "T07",
  "eligible": true,
  "why": "Recently released people with felony convictions in Alachua County were randomized to unconditional, flat payments ($1,000 then $600 a month for 11 months) or a no-cash control, with Kessler 10 distress, perceived stress, and employment reported.",
  "country": "United States",
  "sites": [
   "Gainesville and Alachua County, Florida"
  ],
  "population": "Alachua County residents aged 18+ with a felony conviction released from a Florida jail or a state or federal prison, or starting felony probation in Alachua County, between August 9, 2021 and February 9, 2022",
  "years": "2022-01 to 2023-02",
  "arms": [
   {
    "label": "Treatment (Just Income, $600/month after $1,000 first month)",
    "kind": "recurring",
    "amount": 600,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 12,
    "n_randomized": 115
   },
   {
    "label": "Control",
    "kind": "control",
    "amount": 0,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 0,
    "n_randomized": 134
   }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
   {
    "id": "T07-1",
    "treated": "Treatment (Just Income, $600/month after $1,000 first month)",
    "control": "Control",
    "kind": "recurring"
   }
  ],
  "randomization": "individual",
  "stratified_by": null,
  "payment_start": "2022-01",
  "payment_months": 12,
  "waves": [
   {
    "label": "6 months (June 2022 / August 2022 by cohort)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 6,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "12 months (December 2022 / February 2023, end of payments)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 12,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "18 months (June 2023 / August 2023, 6 months after payments ended)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 18,
    "during_payments": false,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "mental_health_instruments": [
   "Kessler 10 (K10), with depression and anxiety subscales",
   "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)"
  ],
  "employment_measures": [
   "employed full-time",
   "employed part-time or seasonal",
   "stay-at-home parent or caregiver",
   "business owner or self-employed",
   "gig worker",
   "unemployed and looking for work",
   "unemployed not looking for work"
  ],
  "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania",
  "result_reports": [
   "cgir:CGIR-Report-Gainesville-FL"
  ],
  "notes": "Recurring arm with a lump start: $1,000 in the first month, then $600 a month for 11 months (12 months, $7,600 in all). Program run by Community Spring. Two recruitment cohorts, with baselines in January and March 2022 and later waves two months apart, so payments ran about January 2022-February 2023 across cohorts; months are as the report labels them. Payment method not stated. Attrition was very high and differential (overall 57%, 67%, 67% at 6, 12, 18 months; control response fell to 27 of 134); outcomes multiply imputed (MICE), GEE and regression-adjusted means. Groups differed at baseline (e.g., perceived stress lower in treatment). Recidivism was also checked in county and state records."
 },
 {
  "trial": "T08",
  "eligible": true,
  "why": "Households in three central Iowa counties were randomized to an unconditional, flat $500 a month on a debit card for 24 months or a no-cash control, with Kessler 10 distress, perceived stress, and employment reported through 6 months after payments ended.",
  "country": "United States",
  "sites": [
   "Polk County, Iowa",
   "Dallas County, Iowa",
   "Warren County, Iowa"
  ],
  "population": "Adults 18+ in Polk, Dallas, or Warren counties living with at least one dependent (up to age 25), with household income at or below 60% of the Area Median Income",
  "years": "2023-05 to 2025-04",
  "arms": [
   {
    "label": "Treatment (UpLift basic income, $500/month)",
    "kind": "recurring",
    "amount": 500,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 24,
    "n_randomized": 110
   },
   {
    "label": "Control",
    "kind": "control",
    "amount": 0,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 0,
    "n_randomized": 140
   }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
   {
    "id": "T08-1",
    "treated": "Treatment (UpLift basic income, $500/month)",
    "control": "Control",
    "kind": "recurring"
   }
  ],
  "randomization": "individual",
  "stratified_by": null,
  "payment_start": "2023-05",
  "payment_months": 24,
  "waves": [
   {
    "label": "6 months",
    "months_since_first_payment": 6,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment",
     "hours"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "12 months",
    "months_since_first_payment": 12,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment",
     "hours"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "18 months",
    "months_since_first_payment": 18,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment",
     "hours"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "24 months (end of payments)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 24,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment",
     "hours"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "30 months (6 months after the final payment)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 30,
    "during_payments": false,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment",
     "hours"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "mental_health_instruments": [
   "Kessler 10 (K10)",
   "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)"
  ],
  "employment_measures": [
   "employed full-time",
   "employed part-time or seasonal",
   "stay-at-home parent or caregiver",
   "business owner or self-employed",
   "gig worker",
   "unemployed and looking for work",
   "unemployed not looking for work",
   "hours per shift",
   "days worked per week",
   "days missed from work"
  ],
  "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania",
  "result_reports": [
   "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Parenting",
   "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-Affordability",
   "cgir:CGIR-Report-Iowa-HealthAndHope"
  ],
  "notes": "UpLift, the Central Iowa Basic Income Pilot, funded by an 11-member group and coordinated by Drake University's Harkin Institute; 110 randomly selected participants got $500 a month on a debit card with no requirements. Covers metropolitan, micropolitan, and rural areas; geography is a covariate in all models. Results are split across three reports: the K10 and perceived stress table at every wave is in the parenting report's appendix, the mental health narrative in the health report, and employment and work-hours (shift length) in the affordability report. Linear mixed models and GLMs with treatment-by-time interactions after multiple imputation (MICE); baseline equivalence reported. Attrition counts are not given in these reports."
 },
 {
  "trial": "T09",
  "eligible": true,
  "why": "Ithaca caregivers were randomized to an unconditional, flat $450 a month for 12 months or a no-cash control, with Kessler 10 distress, perceived stress, and employment reported.",
  "country": "United States",
  "sites": [
   "Ithaca, New York"
  ],
  "population": "City of Ithaca residents aged 18+ with significant unpaid caregiving responsibilities (for children or aging, ill, or disabled adults) and income at or below 80% of the Area Median Income",
  "years": "2022-06 to 2023-05",
  "arms": [
   {
    "label": "Treatment (Ithaca Guaranteed Income, $450/month)",
    "kind": "recurring",
    "amount": 450,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 12,
    "n_randomized": 110
   },
   {
    "label": "Control",
    "kind": "control",
    "amount": 0,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 0,
    "n_randomized": 132
   }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
   {
    "id": "T09-1",
    "treated": "Treatment (Ithaca Guaranteed Income, $450/month)",
    "control": "Control",
    "kind": "recurring"
   }
  ],
  "randomization": "individual",
  "stratified_by": "race/ethnicity (weighted allocation to mirror Housing Choice Voucher recipients in Ithaca)",
  "payment_start": "2022-06",
  "payment_months": 12,
  "waves": [
   {
    "label": "6 months (November 2022)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 6,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "12 months (May 2023, final disbursement)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 12,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "18 months (November 2023, 6 months after the final disbursement)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 18,
    "during_payments": false,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "mental_health_instruments": [
   "Kessler 10 (K10)",
   "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)"
  ],
  "employment_measures": [
   "employed full-time",
   "employed part-time or seasonal",
   "stay-at-home caregiver",
   "gig worker",
   "unemployed"
  ],
  "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania",
  "result_reports": [
   "cgir:CGIR-Report-Ithaca-NY"
  ],
  "notes": "242 of about 390 applicants randomized with race-weighted allocation; replacement of some treatment participants during onboarding altered the planned proportions, so models control for ethnicity. Two controls withdrew and were excluded (analysis sample 240). Program run with the Human Service Coalition of Tompkins County and Mayors for a Guaranteed Income. Baseline December 2021; onboarding took about 6 months, so the first payment was June 2022 and the 6-month survey (November 2022) came about 5 months in. Payment method not stated. Attrition 20%, 23%, 38% at 6, 12, 18 months; MICE imputation, GEE and linear mixed models with regression-adjusted means. Employment is reported as shares by status (full-time significantly higher in treatment at 12 months)."
 },
 {
  "trial": "T10",
  "eligible": true,
  "why": "Poor Los Angeles households with children were randomized within council districts to an unconditional, flat $1,000 a month for 12 months on a prepaid card or a no-cash control, with Kessler 10 distress, perceived stress, and employment reported.",
  "country": "United States",
  "sites": [
   "City of Los Angeles, California"
  ],
  "population": "City of Los Angeles residents aged 18+ with at least one dependent child (or a student under 24, or pregnant), income at or below the federal poverty line, and economic or medical hardship from COVID-19",
  "years": "2022-01 to 2023-03",
  "arms": [
   {
    "label": "Treatment (BIG:LEAP guaranteed income, $1,000/month)",
    "kind": "recurring",
    "amount": 1000,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 12,
    "n_randomized": 3202
   },
   {
    "label": "Control",
    "kind": "control",
    "amount": 0,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 0,
    "n_randomized": 4992
   }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
   {
    "id": "T10-1",
    "treated": "Treatment (BIG:LEAP guaranteed income, $1,000/month)",
    "control": "Control",
    "kind": "recurring"
   }
  ],
  "randomization": "individual",
  "stratified_by": "council district (quota allocation of treatment and control slots by district)",
  "payment_start": "2022-01",
  "payment_months": 12,
  "waves": [
   {
    "label": "6 months (Wave 2, August 2022)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 6,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "12 months (Wave 3, February 2023)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 12,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "18 months (Wave 4, August 2023, post-intervention)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 18,
    "during_payments": false,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "mental_health_instruments": [
   "Kessler 10 (K10)",
   "Perceived Stress Scale, 4-item (PSS-4)"
  ],
  "employment_measures": [
   "employed full-time",
   "employed part-time",
   "unemployed and looking for work",
   "unemployed not looking for work",
   "caregiver or stay-at-home parent",
   "self-employed or business owner",
   "gig worker",
   "student",
   "retired or disabled"
  ],
  "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania, with the USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work and the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health",
  "result_reports": [
   "cgir:CGIR-Report-LA-CA-BIGLEAP"
  ],
  "notes": "Over 50,000 applied in 10 days; 8,194 were randomized (3,202 treatment, 4,992 control) with slots allocated by council district by poverty share plus districts' discretionary funding. Run by the city's Community Investment for Families Department; payments via the Angeleno Connect prepaid debit card (MoCaFi); treatment got benefits counseling. Each participant got 12 monthly payments; with baseline and onboarding running December 2021-April 2022, the program's payments ran from January 2022 through March 2023, so the 12-month wave (February 2023) fell while payments were still being made and the report calls the 18-month wave 6 months after payments ceased. Attrition was very high and strongly differential (overall 62%, 55%, 50% at 6, 12, 18 months; control response much lower). Analyses adjust for baseline values (regression and two-level models by council district); MICE-imputed results in an appendix. Employment is analyzed with multinomial logistic models against 'unemployed not looking for work'. pmid:40633007 is an abstract (AJPH 2025) with no outcome numbers."
 },
 {
  "trial": "T11",
  "eligible": true,
  "why": "Madison parents below 200% of poverty were randomly assigned to an unconditional, flat $500 a month for 12 months or a no-cash control, with Kessler 10 distress, perceived stress, and employment reported.",
  "country": "United States",
  "sites": [
   "Madison, Wisconsin"
  ],
  "population": "Adult Madison residents with household income below 200% of the federal poverty line and a child under 18 in the home",
  "years": "2022-09 to 2023-08",
  "arms": [
   {
    "label": "Treatment (Madison Forward Fund, $500/month)",
    "kind": "recurring",
    "amount": 500,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 12,
    "n_randomized": 155
   },
   {
    "label": "Control",
    "kind": "control",
    "amount": 0,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 0,
    "n_randomized": 200
   }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
   {
    "id": "T11-1",
    "treated": "Treatment (Madison Forward Fund, $500/month)",
    "control": "Control",
    "kind": "recurring"
   }
  ],
  "randomization": "individual",
  "stratified_by": null,
  "payment_start": "2022-09",
  "payment_months": 12,
  "waves": [
   {
    "label": "6 months (February 2023)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 6,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "12 months (August 2023, when payments ended)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 12,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "18 months (February 2024, 6 months after payments ended)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 18,
    "during_payments": false,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "mental_health_instruments": [
   "Kessler 10 (K10)",
   "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)"
  ],
  "employment_measures": [
   "employed full-time",
   "employed part-time or seasonal",
   "unemployed and actively looking for work",
   "gig worker",
   "other employment status categories"
  ],
  "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania, and the Institute for Research on Poverty (IRP), University of Wisconsin-Madison",
  "result_reports": [
   "cgir:CGIR-Report-Madison-WI"
  ],
  "notes": "From over 9,000 applicants, 155 households were randomly assigned to the program and 200 to control; the research sample was 146 treatment and 171 control, and 2 controls withdrew (final 315: 146 vs 169). Partners: City of Madison, Mayors for a Guaranteed Income, TASC (administrator), IRP, CGIR; privately funded; benefits counseling before enrollment. Payment method not stated. Baseline August 2022. Groups were unbalanced at baseline on the K10 (treatment higher) and on covering a $400 emergency, which all models control for. Attrition 37%, 32%, 33% at 6, 12, 18 months with about 21-27% differential attrition; MICE imputation, linear mixed models, GEE, regression-adjusted means. Employment reported as shares by status with odds ratios."
 },
 {
  "trial": "T12",
  "eligible": false,
  "reason": "no_control_arm",
  "why": "Recipients ($350 a month for 10 months to youth aged 16-24) were drawn by lottery, but the evaluation followed only the 111 recipients in a non-experimental pre-post design with no comparison or control group."
 },
 {
  "trial": "T13",
  "eligible": true,
  "why": "Newark residents were randomized to $500 a month (as $250 twice monthly) for 2 years, to $3,000 lump sums twice a year for 2 years, or to a no-cash control, all unconditional and flat, with Kessler 10 distress, perceived stress, and employment reported.",
  "country": "United States",
  "sites": [
   "Newark, New Jersey (nine zip codes)"
  ],
  "population": "Newark residents aged 18+ with income at or below 200% of the federal poverty line who had been adversely affected by COVID-19",
  "years": "2021-11 to 2023-10",
  "arms": [
   {
    "label": "Recurring payment ($250 twice a month)",
    "kind": "recurring",
    "amount": 500,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 24,
    "n_randomized": 200
   },
   {
    "label": "Lump-sum payment ($3,000 twice a year)",
    "kind": "lump_sum",
    "amount": 6000,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "year",
    "months_paid": 24,
    "n_randomized": 200
   },
   {
    "label": "Control",
    "kind": "control",
    "amount": 0,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 0,
    "n_randomized": 478
   }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
   {
    "id": "T13-1",
    "treated": "Recurring payment ($250 twice a month)",
    "control": "Control",
    "kind": "recurring"
   },
   {
    "id": "T13-2",
    "treated": "Lump-sum payment ($3,000 twice a year)",
    "control": "Control",
    "kind": "lump_sum"
   }
  ],
  "randomization": "individual",
  "stratified_by": "zip code (each of nine zip codes contributed an equal share of each arm)",
  "payment_start": "2021-11",
  "payment_months": 24,
  "waves": [
   {
    "label": "6 months (April 2022)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 6,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "12 months (October 2022)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 12,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "18 months (April 2023)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 18,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "24 months (October 2023)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 24,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "30 months (April 2024, 6 months after the last payment)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 30,
    "during_payments": false,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "mental_health_instruments": [
   "Kessler 10 (K10)",
   "Perceived Stress Scale, 4-item (PSS-4)"
  ],
  "employment_measures": [
   "employment status by Census protocol: employed full-time, part-time or seasonal, gig work, self-employed, unemployed",
   "barriers to employment and reasons for not seeking work"
  ],
  "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania",
  "result_reports": [
   "cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ"
  ],
  "notes": "Newark Movement for Economic Equity: 878 randomly selected from about 4,700 applicants, allocated 1:1:2.4 with equal shares from each of nine zip codes. Both cash arms got $6,000 a year for 2 years: the recurring arm as $250 twice a month (coded as $500/month), the lump-sum arm as semi-annual $3,000 payments (coded as $6,000 per year over 24 months, four payments). The methods date the first disbursement to November 2021 and the 30-month survey to 6 months after the last payment; the executive summary gives disbursements as October 2021-September 2023. Waves are coded by the recurring arm's schedule; the lump-sum arm was paid only every six months. Baseline July 2021. Attrition 40%, 42%, 36%, 32%, 31% at 6-30 months, with 21-31% differential (more loss in control). Linear mixed models with subject-level bootstrap and GLMM/GEE after MICE imputation; the report also compares recurring with lump sum. The companion report cgir:CGIR-Report-Newark-NJ-2 (housing, parenting, education) covers the same trial and has no mental health or employment results."
 },
 {
  "trial": "T14",
  "eligible": false,
  "reason": "other",
  "why": "Not a separate trial: the report is a companion to the Newark Movement for Economic Equity RCT coded as T13 (same participants and arms), and it reports only housing, household chaos, parenting, and children's educational outcomes, with no mental health or employment results."
 },
 {
  "trial": "T15",
  "eligible": true,
  "why": "Low-income Oakland families were randomly selected and assigned to an unconditional, flat $500 a month for 18 months or a no-cash control, with Kessler 10 distress, perceived stress, and employment reported through 6 months after payments ended.",
  "country": "United States",
  "sites": [
   "Oakland, California"
  ],
  "population": "Oakland residents with at least one child under 18 in the household and 2021 income at or below 138% of the federal poverty line",
  "years": "2022-01 to 2023-06",
  "arms": [
   {
    "label": "Treatment (Oakland Resilient Families, $500/month)",
    "kind": "recurring",
    "amount": 500,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 18,
    "n_randomized": 300
   },
   {
    "label": "Control",
    "kind": "control",
    "amount": 0,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 0,
    "n_randomized": 360
   }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
   {
    "id": "T15-1",
    "treated": "Treatment (Oakland Resilient Families, $500/month)",
    "control": "Control",
    "kind": "recurring"
   }
  ],
  "randomization": "individual",
  "stratified_by": null,
  "payment_start": "2022-01",
  "payment_months": 18,
  "waves": [
   {
    "label": "6 months (June 2022)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 6,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "12 months (December 2022)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 12,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "18 months (June 2023, end of payments)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 18,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "24 months (January 2024, 6 months after payments ended)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 24,
    "during_payments": false,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "mental_health_instruments": [
   "Kessler 10 (K10)",
   "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)"
  ],
  "employment_measures": [
   "employed full-time",
   "employed part-time or seasonal",
   "business owner or self-employed",
   "gig worker",
   "stay-at-home parent or caregiver",
   "unemployed"
  ],
  "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania",
  "result_reports": [
   "cgir:CGIR-Report-Oakland-CA"
  ],
  "notes": "660 randomly selected from over 11,000 applicants (300 treatment, 360 control); recruited with Oakland Thrives and UpTogether, which ran the program with the City and Mayors for a Guaranteed Income; philanthropically funded. Payment method not stated. Baseline October 2021. Attrition 44%, 44%, 40%, 39% at 6, 12, 18, 24 months with about 21-24% differential (more loss in control). Linear mixed models, GEE, and regression-adjusted means after MICE imputation. Employment reported as shares by status over time (full-time 15% to 26% in treatment vs 14% to 18% in control)."
 },
 {
  "trial": "T16",
  "eligible": true,
  "why": "Paterson applicants below the living wage were randomly assigned to an unconditional, flat $400 a month for 12 months or a no-cash control, with Kessler 10 distress, perceived stress, and employment reported.",
  "country": "United States",
  "sites": [
   "Paterson, New Jersey"
  ],
  "population": "Paterson applicants aged 18+ earning below New Jersey's living wage ($30,000 for single individuals, $88,000 for families)",
  "years": "2021-07 to 2022-06",
  "arms": [
   {
    "label": "Treatment (Paterson GI, $400/month)",
    "kind": "recurring",
    "amount": 400,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 12,
    "n_randomized": 110
   },
   {
    "label": "Control",
    "kind": "control",
    "amount": 0,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 0,
    "n_randomized": 131
   }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
   {
    "id": "T16-1",
    "treated": "Treatment (Paterson GI, $400/month)",
    "control": "Control",
    "kind": "recurring"
   }
  ],
  "randomization": "individual",
  "stratified_by": "race/ethnicity (sample weighted 60% Latinx, 26% Black, 8% White, 4% Asian)",
  "payment_start": "2021-07",
  "payment_months": 12,
  "waves": [
   {
    "label": "6 months (December 2021)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 6,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "12 months (June 2022, end of the program)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 12,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "18 months (December 2022, 6 months after the program)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 18,
    "during_payments": false,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "mental_health_instruments": [
   "Kessler 10 (K10)",
   "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)"
  ],
  "employment_measures": [
   "employed full-time",
   "employed part-time or seasonal",
   "gig worker",
   "self-employed",
   "stay-at-home parent or caregiver",
   "unemployed and looking for work",
   "unemployed not looking for work"
  ],
  "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania",
  "result_reports": [
   "cgir:CGIR-Report-Paterson-NJ",
   "pilot:pgip_1"
  ],
  "notes": "241 randomly drawn from about 3,600 applicants, weighted by ethnicity, then randomly assigned (110 treatment, 131 control). The program ran July 2021-June 2022 (the methods' 'first disbursement in July 2022' contradicts the program dates and survey schedule and reads as a typo). Payment method not stated. Baseline April 2021. Attrition was extreme and differential: responses at 6, 12, 18 months were 51, 55, 69 of 110 treatment and 22, 26, 30 of 131 control (overall attrition 70%, 66%, 59%); groups differed at baseline on perceived stress. MICE imputation and regression-adjusted means; employment as shares by status. pilot:pgip_1 is an identical copy of the CGIR report."
 },
 {
  "trial": "T17",
  "eligible": true,
  "why": "Providence residents below 200% of poverty were randomly assigned to an unconditional, flat $500 a month for 18 months or a no-cash control, with Kessler 10 distress, perceived stress, and employment reported through 6 months after payments ended.",
  "country": "United States",
  "sites": [
   "Providence, Rhode Island"
  ],
  "population": "City of Providence residents aged 18+ with income below 200% of the federal poverty line (excluding American Rescue Plan income)",
  "years": "2021-11 to 2023-04",
  "arms": [
   {
    "label": "Treatment (Providence GI, $500/month)",
    "kind": "recurring",
    "amount": 500,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 18,
    "n_randomized": 110
   },
   {
    "label": "Control",
    "kind": "control",
    "amount": 0,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 0,
    "n_randomized": 132
   }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
   {
    "id": "T17-1",
    "treated": "Treatment (Providence GI, $500/month)",
    "control": "Control",
    "kind": "recurring"
   }
  ],
  "randomization": "individual",
  "stratified_by": "race/ethnicity (randomized sample weighted to 44% Hispanic or Latino, 16.5% White, 15.2% Black, 16.8% other)",
  "payment_start": "2021-11",
  "payment_months": 18,
  "waves": [
   {
    "label": "6 months (April 2022)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 6,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "12 months (October 2022)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 12,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "18 months (April 2023, end of payments)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 18,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "24 months (October 2023, 6 months after payments ended)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 24,
    "during_payments": false,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "mental_health_instruments": [
   "Kessler 10 (K10)",
   "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)"
  ],
  "employment_measures": [
   "employed full-time",
   "employed part-time or seasonal",
   "stay-at-home parent or caregiver",
   "student",
   "other employment status categories"
  ],
  "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania",
  "result_reports": [
   "cgir:CGIR-Report-Providence-RI"
  ],
  "notes": "242 selected from about 4,000 eligible applicants after an August 2021 baseline and assigned 110 treatment, 132 control, with the randomized sample weighted by race/ethnicity. Launched by the Mayor, Mayors for a Guaranteed Income, and Amos House. Payment method not stated. The 6-month survey (April 2022) came about 5 months after the first payment. Attrition 51%, 33%, 36%, 38% at 6, 12, 18, 24 months, with 14-27% differential; MICE imputation and linear mixed models with adjusted means and chi-square tests. Employment reported as shares by status over time (Table 4)."
 },
 {
  "trial": "T18",
  "eligible": false,
  "reason": "no_control_arm",
  "why": "A non-experimental micropilot: 18 people randomly selected from a city workforce program's client list got $500 a month for 24 months and were surveyed alone; the report states no control group was used."
 },
 {
  "trial": "T19",
  "eligible": true,
  "why": "Families with young children in four high-poverty San Diego County zip codes were randomly assigned to an unconditional, flat $500 a month for 24 months or a no-cash control, with Kessler 10 distress, perceived stress, and employment reported through 6 months after payments ended.",
  "country": "United States",
  "sites": [
   "San Diego County, California: Encanto/Bay Terraces (92114), Paradise Hills (92139), National City (91950), San Ysidro (92173)"
  ],
  "population": "Families with at least one child under 12, household income below 200% of the federal poverty line, living in one of four high-poverty San Diego County zip codes",
  "years": "2022-03 to 2024-02",
  "arms": [
   {
    "label": "Treatment (San Diego for Every Child GI, $500/month)",
    "kind": "recurring",
    "amount": 500,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 24,
    "n_randomized": 150
   },
   {
    "label": "Control",
    "kind": "control",
    "amount": 0,
    "currency": "USD",
    "per": "month",
    "months_paid": 0,
    "n_randomized": 150
   }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
   {
    "id": "T19-1",
    "treated": "Treatment (San Diego for Every Child GI, $500/month)",
    "control": "Control",
    "kind": "recurring"
   }
  ],
  "randomization": "individual",
  "stratified_by": null,
  "payment_start": "2022-03",
  "payment_months": 24,
  "waves": [
   {
    "label": "6 months (August 2022)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 6,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "12 months (February 2023)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 12,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "18 months (August 2023)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 18,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "24 months (February 2024, final payment)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 24,
    "during_payments": true,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "30 months (August 2024, 6 months after the final payment)",
    "months_since_first_payment": 30,
    "during_payments": false,
    "measures": [
     "mental_health",
     "stress",
     "employment"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "mental_health_instruments": [
   "Kessler 10 (K10)",
   "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)"
  ],
  "employment_measures": [
   "employed full-time",
   "employed part-time",
   "stay-at-home parent or caregiver",
   "other employment status categories"
  ],
  "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR), University of Pennsylvania",
  "result_reports": [
   "cgir:CGIR-Report-SanDiego-CA",
   "pilot:sand_1"
  ],
  "notes": "300 randomly selected from about 5,300 eligible applicants and randomly assigned 150/150; one participant per arm later withdrew (final 298). Program run by the San Diego for Every Child coalition, launched March 2022. Payment method not stated. Baseline December 2021. Attrition overall 38%, 26%, 21%, 19%, 20% at 6-30 months; control response was much lower at 6 months (67 vs 123). More Latinx participants in control, so models control for race; GEE, linear mixed models, and regression-adjusted means after MICE imputation. Employment reported as shares by status (full-time 26% to 45% treatment vs 30% to 40% control). pilot:sand_1 is an identical copy of the CGIR report."
 },
 {
  "trial": "T20",
  "eligible": false,
  "reason": "no_control_arm",
  "why": "A non-experimental longitudinal study of 100 community college student parents who got $400 a month for 12 months (15 pre-selected from a cohort program, 85 drawn by lottery from 100 eligible applicants); the report states there is no randomly assigned comparison or control group, and its tables show recipients only."
 }
]