[ { "trial": "T21", "eligible": true, "why": "Its randomized part, CollegeBound Boost, assigned Saint Paul families to $500 a month for 24 months (plus college-savings deposits) or to arms without cash, and its reports present recipients' work and stress qualitatively and plan quantitative papers; the companion People's Prosperity Pilot had no control group.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Saint Paul, Minnesota", "population": "families with a child born in 2020 or later enrolled in CollegeBound Saint Paul children's savings accounts, household income at or below 300% of the federal poverty line", "years": null, "arms": [ { "label": "Guaranteed income and quarterly deposits (GI)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": null }, { "label": "CSA and quarterly deposits (QD)", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": null }, { "label": "CSA Only", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": null } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T21-1", "treated": "Guaranteed income and quarterly deposits (GI)", "control": "CSA Only", "kind": "recurring" }, { "id": "T21-2", "treated": "Guaranteed income and quarterly deposits (GI)", "control": "CSA and quarterly deposits (QD)", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": null, "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": null, "payment_months": 24, "waves": [ { "label": "pre-interview survey and qualitative interviews (Feb-Jun 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": null, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [], "employment_measures": [ "employment status of interviewees by arm (full-time, part-time, unemployed looking or not looking, unable to work, homemaker, student), descriptive only" ], "evaluator": "University of Michigan School of Social Work (Elliott et al.) for CollegeBound Boost; University of Pennsylvania Center for Guaranteed Income Research for the People's Prosperity Pilot", "result_reports": [ "openalex:W4387984518", "openalex:W4391363522" ], "notes": "T21 joins two Saint Paul programs. The People's Prosperity Pilot (Oct 2020-Apr 2022, $500/month for 18 months to 150 families, 95 in research) was non-experimental: families were randomly drawn from CollegeBound for outreach, but there is no control group and the CGIR report (cgir:CGIR-Report-StPaul-MN) is pre-post only, so it is not a randomized comparison and is not listed as a result report. CollegeBound Boost is a three-arm RCT: CSA Only (no-treatment control), QD ($250 per quarter deposited into the child's college savings account, usable only for postsecondary costs, so not cash), and GI ($500/month for 24 months on a prepaid debit card plus the quarterly deposits). GI vs QD isolates the cash; GI vs CSA Only adds the deposits. Recruitment Oct 2022-Jul 2023; 638 enrolled by Feb 2023 (212 or 213 CSA Only, 214 QD, 212 GI; final arm sizes not reported); first-payment dates and randomization unit not reported. The available Boost reports are qualitative (32 interviews, Mar-Jun 2023) with a pre-interview survey that asked about employment, depression and life satisfaction; only interviewees' employment status is tabulated, descriptively. The authors say the framework will be used in future qualitative and quantitative papers." }, { "trial": "T22", "eligible": true, "why": "Applicants were randomly assigned to $500 a month for 12 months or to a control group without cash, and the report presents Kessler distress, perceived stress and full-time employment for both groups.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Tacoma, Washington (ZIP codes 98404, 98405, 98408, 98409)", "population": "single parents or guardians of a child aged 0-17 (or a disabled child up to 21) with income 100-200% of the federal poverty level in four Tacoma ZIP codes", "years": "2021-12 to 2022-11", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 110 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 132 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T22-1", "treated": "Treatment group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2021-12", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "6 months (May 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "midpoint qualitative interviews (July 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 7, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12 months (November 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "18 months (May 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003), with an anxiety score", "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "self-reported employment status: employed full-time, part-time or seasonal, unemployed and looking, stay-at-home parent or caregiver" ], "evaluator": "University of Pennsylvania Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR)", "result_reports": [ "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" ], "notes": "About 2,100 applicants; 242 randomly drawn and assigned. Both arms were paid for surveys. Baseline full-time employment differed (57% treatment vs 42% control). Kessler scores near 23 at baseline, consistent with the 10-item version (the report does not name the version). Overall attrition 21% at 18 months. GEE regression-adjusted means with multiple imputation. Midpoint interviews: 21 treatment, 5 control." }, { "trial": "T23", "eligible": true, "why": "Applicants were randomly assigned to $500 a month (tapered on a fixed schedule at the end) or to a control group, and the report presents K-10 distress, perceived stress and employment.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Ulster County, New York", "population": "Ulster County households earning less than 80% of area median income (about $46,900)", "years": "2021-05 to 2022-09", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 17, "n_randomized": 61 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 84 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T23-1", "treated": "Treatment group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2021-05", "payment_months": 17, "waves": [ { "label": "midpoint qualitative interviews (November 2021)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "Wave 2 (December 2021)", "months_since_first_payment": 7, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "Wave 3 (April 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 11, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] }, { "label": "Wave 4 / endline (October 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 17, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10)", "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed full-time", "employed part-time", "unemployed (looking or not looking for work)", "retired" ], "evaluator": "University of Pennsylvania Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR)", "result_reports": [ "cgir:CGIR-Report-UlsterCounty-NY" ], "notes": "Planned as 12 months; $500/month May 2021-June 2022 (14 payments), then $400 (July), $350 (August) and $250 (September 2022) on a fixed phase-out schedule, not tied to earnings. 100 households received GI; the RCT enrolled 61 treatment and 84 control (3,832 applicants). Complete-case analysis with heavy control attrition at waves 2-3; employment analysed for 32 treatment and 34 control. Wave months computed from dates (first payment May 2021). Wave 4 came shortly after the last payment (September 2022), coded as during payments; one passage calls it six months after the pilot's end, which conflicts with the methods. Benefits counseling for the treatment group; both groups paid for surveys." }, { "trial": "T24", "eligible": true, "why": "Households were randomly assigned to about $500 a month for two years, paid twice monthly or quarterly, or to a control group, and the paper presents labor supply, earnings and a psychological well-being index that includes the K6.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Compton, California", "population": "Compton households with income below 220% of the federal poverty line and a member aged 23-57, not receiving SSI or SSDI", "years": "2021-02 to 2023-04", "arms": [ { "label": "Twice-monthly transfers (high frequency)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 345 }, { "label": "Quarterly transfers (low frequency)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 350 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 1402 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T24-1", "treated": "Twice-monthly transfers (high frequency)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" }, { "id": "T24-2", "treated": "Quarterly transfers (low frequency)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": "participant sex (treatment share also varied by enrollment wave)", "payment_start": "2021-02", "payment_months": 24, "waves": [ { "label": "endline survey (May-September 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "short follow-up spending survey (summer 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 28, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "psychological well-being index (first principal component of depression frequency, stress frequency, life satisfaction, happiness and the Kessler 6)" ], "employment_measures": [ "labor force participation (any hours worked)", "weekly hours worked in formal, informal and self-employment", "respondent earnings before taxes", "looking for work; satisfaction with employment situation (exploratory)" ], "evaluator": "Jain Family Institute, New York University Wagner School, Stanford University and National University of Singapore (Balakrishnan, Chan, Constantino, Haushofer, Morduch); data collection by USC Center for Economic and Social Research", "result_reports": [ "aei:compton" ], "notes": "Amount set by number of children: $300/month (none), $450 (one), $600 (two or more); average about $500 ($442-450 including non-compliers). The two cash arms differ only in timing: twice a month (7th and 21st) vs a lump at the start of each quarter, equal totals; amounts are coded as monthly equivalents. 70 of 695 offered never took up. 102 households paid in a Dec 2020-Jan 2021 implementation pilot excluded, 3 more dropped. 253 participants were erroneously re-randomized in the second enrollment wave (final assignment kept); analysis weights for varying treatment shares across waves. Benefit waivers and a hold-harmless fund. $50 per survey for everyone. Endline response 51% (1,074), balanced by arm. Follow-up month for summer 2023 computed approximately; payments ended April 2023. Registered AEARCTR-0007621." }, { "trial": "T25", "eligible": true, "why": "Main-cohort parents were chosen by lottery for $800 a month for 24 months, with lottery losers as the comparison group, and the report presents anxiety, worry, self-rated mental health, employment and earnings at 18 and 24 months.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Montgomery County, Maryland", "population": "county DHHS clients who had applied for or received benefits since 2020, with a child under 18 and at least one priority condition (child 6 or under, single adult head, older adult with child, or COVID relief eligibility)", "years": "2022-07 to 2024-08", "arms": [ { "label": "Main cohort (MoCo BOOST participants)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 800, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 200 }, { "label": "Main cohort comparison group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 166 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T25-1", "treated": "Main cohort (MoCo BOOST participants)", "control": "Main cohort comparison group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-07", "payment_months": 24, "waves": [ { "label": "18-month survey (April 2024)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "participant interviews during the pilot (February 2024, n=3)", "months_since_first_payment": 19, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "24-month survey (November 2024)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "participant interviews after the pilot (January 2025, n=9)", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "felt anxious more than half the days or nearly every day", "not able to stop worrying", "struggling with mental health (self-rated very poor or poor)", "felt worried about children's mental health" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed (full- or part-time, self-employed, seasonal, informal)", "unemployed and looking for work", "not in the labor force", "personal annual income from paid work (bands)" ], "evaluator": "Urban Institute (surveys administered by Montgomery County DHHS)", "result_reports": [ "aei:montgomery" ], "notes": "DHHS invited a random sample of 1,066 eligible clients; 401 applied and 200 were chosen by lottery; the comparison group is 166 eligible applicants not selected. The comparison group had no baseline survey; survey weights used. A second cohort (SEPH, 100 people who had exited shelters) has a comparison group not formed by lottery and only administrative housing outcomes, so it is not part of the randomized comparison and is not coded as an arm. Treatment participants were each assigned a guaranteed-income coach and got benefits counseling (controls did not); some federal benefit waivers were not obtained. Payments began in summer 2022 (month not stated; enrollment May-Oct 2022), so payment_start, years and interview months are approximate. The 24-month survey was taken by most about three months after their last payment. Response rates 60% (18 months) and 50% (24 months), small comparison-group samples." }, { "trial": "T26", "eligible": true, "why": "Adults experiencing homelessness were randomly assigned to $1,000 a month, a $6,500 lump sum then $500 a month, or a $50-a-month active comparison, and the report presents K10 distress, parenting distress and employment.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Denver, Colorado", "population": "adults 18+ experiencing homelessness who used one of 19 partner service agencies, without severe unaddressed mental health or substance use needs", "years": "2022-11 to 2024-01", "arms": [ { "label": "Group A ($1,000 per month)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": null }, { "label": "Group B ($6,500 lump sum, then $500 per month)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": null }, { "label": "Group C ($50 per month, active comparison)", "kind": "control", "amount": 50, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": null } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T26-1", "treated": "Group A ($1,000 per month)", "control": "Group C ($50 per month, active comparison)", "kind": "recurring" }, { "id": "T26-2", "treated": "Group B ($6,500 lump sum, then $500 per month)", "control": "Group C ($50 per month, active comparison)", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-11", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "qualitative interviews (about 2 months after enrollment)", "months_since_first_payment": 2, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "biweekly text surveys (first 12 months)", "months_since_first_payment": null, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "Timepoint 2 (6 months after enrollment)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "Timepoint 3 (10 months after enrollment)", "months_since_first_payment": 10, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "qualitative interviews (about 10 months after enrollment)", "months_since_first_payment": 10, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Parenting Distress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "full-time employment", "part-time employment", "paid temporary work", "work paid under the table (reported sources of income)" ], "evaluator": "DBIP research team (Brisson, Hoops Calhoun et al.); the organization is not named in the text", "result_reports": [ "aei:denver" ], "notes": "Group B got $6,500 at enrollment then $500/month for 11 months ($12,000 in all, as Group A). Group C ($50/month for 12 months) is a token-amount control; all groups also got a phone with a data plan (or a stipend) and a debit card or direct deposit. 807 enrolled (arm sizes not reported); 631 research participants at T1 (209 A, 193 B, 229 C). T1 was taken at enrollment, after participants knew their assignment. First payments on the 15th of Nov 2022-Feb 2023 by cohort (the summary says payments began October 2022); timepoints are stated as months after enrollment, which coincides with the first-payment month. Results are T1-T3 changes among completers with ANOVA across groups; T2 not reported. DBIP was extended six months after year one. Biweekly text surveys measured mental health and employment but only housing results are shown. openalex:W4405976894 (older-adult subsample) reports housing, SF-36 overall health and ED visits only." }, { "trial": "T27", "eligible": true, "why": "Women were chosen by lottery for $850 a month or $4,300 then $700 a month for 24 months, with non-selected applicants as the comparison group, and the reports present K10 distress, employment and work hours.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Old Fourth Ward (Atlanta), College Park, and the Clay-Randolph-Terrell county cluster, Georgia", "population": "women 18+ with household income at or below 200% of the federal poverty level in three majority-Black Georgia communities", "years": "2022-07 to 2024-06", "arms": [ { "label": "Group A ($850 per month)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 850, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 329 }, { "label": "Group B ($4,300, then $700 per month)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 700, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 325 }, { "label": "Comparison group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 1716 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T27-1", "treated": "Group A ($850 per month)", "control": "Comparison group", "kind": "recurring" }, { "id": "T27-2", "treated": "Group B ($4,300, then $700 per month)", "control": "Comparison group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-07", "payment_months": 24, "waves": [ { "label": "12-month survey (Year One)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours" ] }, { "label": "in-depth interviews and PhotoVoice (spring 2024)", "months_since_first_payment": null, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "24-month survey (Year Two, summer-fall 2024)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler-10 (K10)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed full-time", "employed part-time", "unemployed", "weekly hours worked" ], "evaluator": "Research team led by Leah Hamilton (Appalachian State University) with the Center for Social Development at Washington University in St. Louis, Morehouse School of Medicine, UCLA and Clark Atlanta University", "result_reports": [ "aei:in-her-hands", "pmid:41448443" ], "notes": "Group B: $4,300 in month 1, then $700/month for months 2-24 ($20,400 in all, as Group A). 15,309 applied, 2,370 eligible; 654 randomized to payments (329 A, 325 B) and 1,716 comparison (the final report says about 1,816). The final report pools both cash arms against the comparison group. The comparison group had no baseline survey and was surveyed only annually (recipients twice a year); response 40.8% vs 11.9% at 12 months and 41.6% vs 10.5% at 24 months. Program launched in summer 2022 (first-payment month not stated, so payment_start and years are approximate); the 24-month survey came about 24 months after the first payment, around the end of payments. K10 at 12 and 24 months is in the abstract pmid:41448443; openalex:W7213452893 reports credit, debt and savings. Implemented by the Georgia Resilience and Opportunity Fund and GiveDirectly. $20-40 per survey." }, { "trial": "T28", "eligible": true, "why": "Applicants were randomly assigned to $1,000 a month for 24 months or to a control group, and the interim report presents K10 distress, perceived stress and employment at 12 months.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Alameda, California", "population": "Alameda residents 18+ with household income at or below 50% of area median income", "years": "2023-12 to 2025-11", "arms": [ { "label": "Program group (Rise Up participants)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 192 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 180 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T28-1", "treated": "Program group (Rise Up participants)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2023-12", "payment_months": 24, "waves": [ { "label": "6-month three-question survey", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "one-year (12-month) survey", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "18-month three-question survey", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "two-year survey (planned, November 2025)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale, 4-item (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed full-time", "any paid or unpaid work (including full-time caregiving)", "unemployed and reasons for job search", "household income" ], "evaluator": "Abt Global", "result_reports": [ "aei:rise-up-alameda" ], "notes": "2,368 eligible applicants. 192 were randomly selected for the program group; 42 proved ineligible or declined and were replaced by randomly selected unassigned applicants; 150 received GI. Inactive members are treated as survey nonrespondents, so the program group is coded as 192 (the report also describes 150 vs 180). Benefits counseling for those selected; no ongoing eligibility recertification. Response at 12 months 62% program vs 51% control. Results from the 6-month brief survey are in an appendix not included in the file. Interim report; final report due 2026." }, { "trial": "T29", "eligible": true, "why": "Households were randomly assigned to $500 a month for 24 months or to a control group paid only for surveys, and the paper presents K10 distress, a labor supply index and a well-being index at each wave.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Minneapolis, Minnesota (nine high-poverty ZIP codes)", "population": "adults 18+ in nine high-poverty Minneapolis ZIP codes with 2021 household income at or below 50% of area median income who attested to economic harm from Covid-19", "years": "2022-06 to 2024-05", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 200 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 329 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T29-1", "treated": "Treatment group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": "poverty status, presence of children under 18, and North Minneapolis ZIP codes (eight strata)", "payment_start": "2022-06", "payment_months": 24, "waves": [ { "label": "6-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "12-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "18-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "24-month survey (one to two months after the final payment)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "30-month post-pilot survey (in progress)", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] }, { "label": "36-month post-pilot survey (in progress)", "months_since_first_payment": 36, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "subjective well-being index: self-reported health, happiness and life satisfaction (life satisfaction)" ], "employment_measures": [ "labor supply index (worked last month, employed last week, in labor force, full-time, multiple jobs, usual weekly hours)", "employed (exploratory individual outcome)" ], "evaluator": "Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis (surveys administered by the City of Minneapolis)", "result_reports": [ "aei:minneapolis-paper", "aei:minneapolis-overview" ], "notes": "1,500 randomly drawn from 8,335 apparently eligible applicants were invited to the baseline survey; 530 responded (529 after a duplicate) and were randomized within strata. Both arms got $150 per survey every six months, so the control's amount is coded 0. After randomization 28 treatment-assigned people were ineligible or unreachable and 2 slots were unfilled; the City moved randomly chosen controls into treatment (201 ever assigned, 200 paid). Large differential attrition from eligibility verification and survey nonresponse (40-42% of controls vs 68-74% of treatment respond); pre-specified adjustments. Payments June 2022-May 2024 per the methods (the introduction says July 2022-June 2024). Registered AEARCTR-0011369 (200 treatment, 330 control)." }, { "trial": "T30", "eligible": true, "why": "Single mothers were randomly assigned to $375 a month for 12 months or to a control group, and the report presents K10 distress, perceived stress and employment at three follow-ups.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Birmingham, Alabama", "population": "single mothers or female caregivers of children under 18 living in Birmingham city limits, no income limit", "years": "2022-03 to 2023-02", "arms": [ { "label": "Embrace Mothers participant group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 375, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 131 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 132 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T30-1", "treated": "Embrace Mothers participant group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-03", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "mid-pilot (6 months, September 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "qualitative interviews (January 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 10, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "end of pilot (12 months, February 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "post-pilot (18 months, September 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed full-time", "full-time caregiver or stay-at-home parent", "type of paid or unpaid labor" ], "evaluator": "Abt Global", "result_reports": [ "aei:birmingham", "dashboard:child-outcomes" ], "notes": "More than 8,000 applied. 110 initially selected; those who could not be onboarded were replaced by random draws from unassigned applicants, so 131 were assigned (110 paid, 21 inactive kept in intent-to-treat); controls were not verified. Payments March 25, 2022-February 2023 on MoCaFi debit cards; benefits counseling for those selected. K10 and PSS show no significant differences at any wave. Appendix tables cited in the text are not in the file. dashboard:child-outcomes is Abt's four-city qualitative brief, with interview findings on mothers' mental health and work." }, { "trial": "T31", "eligible": true, "why": "Applicants were randomly assigned to $500 a month (planned 24 months, extended to 29) or to a control group, and the interim report presents mental health, perceived stress and employment at 12 months.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Alexandria, Virginia", "population": "Alexandria residents in households at or below 50% of area median income", "years": "2023-02 to 2025-06", "arms": [ { "label": "ARISE participant group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 29, "n_randomized": 184 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 210 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T31-1", "treated": "ARISE participant group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2023-02", "payment_months": 29, "waves": [ { "label": "6-month tracking survey (two questions)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "employment" ] }, { "label": "12-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "12-month interviews (30 participants)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "18-month tracking survey (planned)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "24-month survey (planned)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "30-month interviews (planned)", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "mental health measures not named in the brief", "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "any employment", "full-time and part-time employment", "caregiving", "annual household income" ], "evaluator": "Abt Global", "result_reports": [ "aei:alexandria" ], "notes": "4,149 eligible applications. 170 participants receive GI and 14 assigned participants are non-active (unreachable, ineligible or declined) but kept in the analysis; 184 is inferred from the stated analytic N=394 with 210 controls. Planned as 24 months, extended by 5 to June 2025. Debit cards via MoCaFi; benefit waivers for SNAP, LIHEAP, TANF, WIC, Medicaid, child care and city programs. The brief says GI did not seem to affect 'some measures of mental health' without naming instruments. Year-one interim brief; an ethnographic panel of 12 single parents runs alongside." }, { "trial": "T32", "eligible": true, "why": "Applicants were offered $500 a month for 12 months in random order, with applicants not offered as controls, and the report presents employment, earned income, perceived stress and life satisfaction.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Rochester, New York", "population": "Rochester residents 18+ living in the city at least one year, in qualifying census tracts, with household income at or below 185% of the federal poverty level", "years": "2023-09 to 2024-11", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group (offered GBI)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 410 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 11180 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T32-1", "treated": "Treatment group (offered GBI)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2023-09", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "12-month follow-up survey (Aug-Nov 2024)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "employment", "earnings", "stress", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "credit bureau records (quarterly; reported through five quarters after first payment)", "months_since_first_payment": 15, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Perceived Stress Scale (stress; reported under 'Mental health')", "Cantril life satisfaction ladder (life satisfaction)" ], "employment_measures": [ "currently employed", "currently employed full time", "earned income in the past year" ], "evaluator": "Wilson Sheehan Lab for Economic Opportunities (LEO), University of Notre Dame, with Rochester Institute of Technology", "result_reports": [ "aei:rochester" ], "notes": "11,590 household groups among 11,698 eligible applicants were randomly sorted; BCFF contacted applicants down the list until slots filled (one applicant per household group). Two cohorts: paid Sept 15, 2023-Aug 15, 2024 and Dec 1, 2023-Nov 1, 2024. Treatment = 410 contacted; 351 received at least one payment (direct deposit). All treatment plus 1,000 randomly chosen controls were invited to the survey; 518 responded (36.7%). The survey ran in each cohort's final month of payments. Financial empowerment counseling offered to interested applicants in both arms. No depression or anxiety scale. Registered AEARCTR-0014150." }, { "trial": "T33", "eligible": true, "why": "Single parents were randomly assigned to $660 a month for 12 months or to a control group, and the report presents Kessler distress, perceived stress and employment at three follow-ups.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Shreveport and Caddo Parish, Louisiana", "population": "effectively single parents or guardians of a child aged 3-19 with household income at or below 120% of the federal poverty level in Shreveport/Caddo Parish", "years": "2022-03 to 2023-02", "arms": [ { "label": "SGIP participant group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 660, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 155 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 132 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T33-1", "treated": "SGIP participant group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "area (about half of participants drawn from the five lowest-income ZIP codes, the rest from other Caddo Parish ZIP codes)", "payment_start": "2022-03", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "mid-pilot (6 months, September 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "qualitative interviews (February 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 11, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "end-of-pilot (12 months, February 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "post-pilot (18 months, August 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (version not stated; reference covers K6 and K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "holding at least one job", "number of jobs", "individual and household income" ], "evaluator": "Abt Global", "result_reports": [ "aei:shreveport", "dashboard:child-outcomes" ], "notes": "More than 4,300 applied. FEC contacted 165 to onboard 110; 45 replaced applicants who were eligible on their applications are kept as inactive members (intent-to-treat 155), 10 more not counted. Payments March 2022-February 2023 via the Steady app to bank accounts; benefits counseling. $50 per follow-up survey. No significant differences in distress or stress; individual and household income (not earnings) higher at mid-pilot, household income lower post-pilot. dashboard:child-outcomes adds qualitative interview findings." }, { "trial": "T34", "eligible": true, "why": "Young adults were randomly assigned to $500 a month for 12 months or to a control group, and the report presents K10 distress, perceived stress and employment at three follow-ups.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Louisville, Kentucky (California, Russell and Smoketown neighborhoods)", "population": "young adults aged 18-24 living in the California, Russell or Smoketown neighborhoods of Louisville", "years": "2022-04 to 2023-03", "arms": [ { "label": "YALift! participant group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 194 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 180 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T34-1", "treated": "YALift! participant group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "neighborhood (selection divided evenly across the three neighborhoods)", "payment_start": "2022-04", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "mid-pilot (6 months, October 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "qualitative interviews (February 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 11, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "end of pilot (12 months, March 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "post-pilot (18 months, October 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "working (any)", "working full-time", "full-time caregiver or student", "work-life balance" ], "evaluator": "Abt Global", "result_reports": [ "aei:louisville", "dashboard:child-outcomes" ], "notes": "More than 1,100 applied. 150 initially selected; onboarding partners contacted 194 to enroll 151 (one partner enrolled 51 instead of 50); 43 inactive kept in intent-to-treat (194). Payments April 2022-March 2023 via the Steady app or an Akimbo prepaid card; benefits counseling. $50 per survey. Post-pilot 70% vs 63% working and 45% vs 34% full-time, not significant. dashboard:child-outcomes adds qualitative interview findings." }, { "trial": "T35", "eligible": true, "why": "Households were chosen by lottery for a prepaid Visa card loaded with up to $400 a month for nine months and usable anywhere Visa is accepted, against lottery losers, and the paper presents PHQ-2/GAD-2 mental health, employment and hours.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Chelsea, Massachusetts", "population": "low-income Chelsea households (income at or below 30% of area median income)", "years": "2020-11 to 2021-08", "arms": [ { "label": "Lottery winners (Chelsea Eats cards)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 400, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 9, "n_randomized": 2213 }, { "label": "Lottery losers (control group)", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 1402 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T35-1", "treated": "Lottery winners (Chelsea Eats cards)", "control": "Lottery losers (control group)", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2020-11", "payment_months": 9, "waves": [ { "label": "December pulse survey (Dec 7-20, 2020)", "months_since_first_payment": 0.5, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "February pulse survey (Jan 31-Feb 16, 2021)", "months_since_first_payment": 2.5, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "24-hour food recall (Mar-May 2021)", "months_since_first_payment": 4.5, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "final survey (Apr 12-May 10, 2021)", "months_since_first_payment": 5, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours" ] }, { "label": "electronic health records over the intervention period (Nov 2020-Aug 2021)", "months_since_first_payment": 9, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "PHQ-2", "GAD-2", "Kessler 6 (K6), baseline only" ], "employment_measures": [ "respondent worked for pay last week", "respondent or spouse worked for pay last week", "respondent and household hours worked per week" ], "evaluator": "Harvard University (Liebman et al.) and the Rappaport Institute for Greater Boston; Harvard Medical School / Brigham and Women's Hospital (Agarwal) for the health-record analyses", "result_reports": [ "aei:chelsea-eats", "pmid:39037892", "openalex:W7112998148" ], "notes": "Weighted lottery: extra tickets for priority criteria, with controls reweighted. 3,615 applied; 2,074 initial winners plus 139 from a randomized waitlist = 2,213 treatment households; 1,402 controls. Card amount by household size: $200 (one person), $300 (two), $400 (three or more). Extended from 6 to 9 months; credits Nov 25, 2020 to Aug 2, 2021 (registrations say Nov 18). 1,936 consented to the study before the lottery; final survey 95% response. $20 per survey ($50 for the final) to both arms. Pulse surveys show mental health and employment only as control-group trends. The text once dates the final survey April-May 2022, but Table A.2 and the rest give 2021. pmid:39037892 (and the dissertation abstract) report fewer behavioral-health and substance-use ED visits. Registered AEARCTR-0008063, NCT05622903, NCT05782660, NCT07381049." }, { "trial": "T36", "eligible": true, "why": "Young parents were randomly assigned to $1,000 a month for 24 months or to a control group, and the report presents K10 distress, perceived stress and employment at 18, 24 and 30 months.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Baltimore, Maryland", "population": "parents aged 18-24 living in Baltimore with household income at or below 300% of the federal poverty level", "years": "2022-08 to 2024-07", "arms": [ { "label": "BYFSF program group (treatment group)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 153 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 156 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T36-1", "treated": "BYFSF program group (treatment group)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-08", "payment_months": 24, "waves": [ { "label": "in-depth interviews (Nov 2023-Feb 2024)", "months_since_first_payment": 16, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "18-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "24-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "30-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "engaged in paid or unpaid work", "full-time employment", "share of household income from employment", "employed in meaningful work" ], "evaluator": "Abt Global", "result_reports": [ "aei:baltimore" ], "notes": "About 4,000 applied. The program paid 200 young parents; the study's treatment group is 153 randomly selected (130 paid, 23 inactive kept in intent-to-treat), plus 156 controls; 70 paid participants are outside the study. The report says surveys ran every six months but presents only 18, 24 and 30 months. Payments via Steady bank deposits or debit card; benefits counseling. $50 per survey." }, { "trial": "T37", "eligible": true, "why": "The county randomly split a pool of eligible households into 200 receiving $500 a month for 18 months and 100 comparison households, and the report presents employment, work income and days limited by stress, anxiety or sadness.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Arlington County, Virginia", "population": "Arlington households with a child under 18 and income at or below 30% of area median income, mostly county Housing Grant recipients, plus returning citizens and undocumented heads of household", "years": "2021-09 to 2023-11", "arms": [ { "label": "Participant group (cash)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 18, "n_randomized": 200 }, { "label": "Comparison group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 100 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T37-1", "treated": "Participant group (cash)", "control": "Comparison group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": "sample pool (Housing Grant recipients, returning citizens, undocumented heads of household), implied", "payment_start": "2021-09", "payment_months": 18, "waves": [ { "label": "6-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "final survey (18 months)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "earnings" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "days in the past month that stress, anxiety or sadness prevented usual activities" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed", "median monthly income from work", "hourly wage" ], "evaluator": "Arlington County Department of Human Services with Arlington Community Foundation (Urban Institute technical support)", "result_reports": [ "pilot:argu_1" ], "notes": "Selected households were notified by letter and could decline; cash households enrolled in eight cohorts from September 2021 to May 2022, each paid 18 months on a debit card (150 Housing Grant, 25 returning citizens, 25 undocumented). Cash group only: optional 1:1 coaching and a one-time donor-funded $500 holiday deposit. Comparison households were surveyed on the same schedule for $30-40 gift cards ($20 for the cash group). Results compare baseline and final surveys; 6- and 12-month results are not reported. The county ran the evaluation and describes it as not a full contracted RCT, though the comparison group was randomly selected from the same pool. Benefits protected administratively." }, { "trial": "T38", "eligible": true, "why": "Atlanta residents were randomly assigned to $500 a month for 12 months or to a control group; the only file is a qualitative brief that presents parents' mental health and work and says survey results by city will follow.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Atlanta, Georgia", "population": "Atlanta residents 18+ with self-reported income up to 200% of the federal poverty level (about 60% of area median income)", "years": "2022-06 to 2023-05", "arms": [ { "label": "Intervention group (IMPACT)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 300 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": null } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T38-1", "treated": "Intervention group (IMPACT)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-06", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "6-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "qualitative interviews (Jan-Mar 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 8, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "18-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [], "employment_measures": [], "evaluator": "Abt Associates", "result_reports": [ "pilot:impa_1", "dashboard:child-outcomes" ], "notes": "pilot:impa_1 and dashboard:child-outcomes are the same file: Abt's four-city brief 'My kids deserve the world' (Nov 2023), based on interviews with 67 parents (14 from Atlanta) 7-10 months into the pilots plus baseline survey data. It describes each pilot as randomized to an intervention group (12 monthly payments) or a control group, with surveys at baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months and city survey findings to be reported from 2024. 300 participants served (control size not given); open to adults without children; implemented with the Urban League of Greater Atlanta. Qualitative findings: reduced stress and improved mental health, some parents reduced work hours or changed jobs. No quantitative outcome results in the file." }, { "trial": "T39", "eligible": true, "why": "A lottery gave 50 families $583 a month for two years with an equal-size control group paid a stipend for sharing information, and the report presents psychological distress and life satisfaction.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Boston, Massachusetts", "population": "families in the Camp Harbor View community earning less than $70,500 per adult household member, mostly not receiving public assistance", "years": "2021-08 to 2023-07", "arms": [ { "label": "Direct Cash families", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 583, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 50 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": null, "currency": "USD", "per": null, "months_paid": null, "n_randomized": 50 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T39-1", "treated": "Direct Cash families", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2021-08", "payment_months": 24, "waves": [ { "label": "two-year mark", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "psychological distress (instrument not named)", "life satisfaction (instrument not named; life satisfaction)" ], "employment_measures": [], "evaluator": "Blakely Consulting (lottery administered by UMass Boston)", "result_reports": [ "pilot:chvg_1" ], "notes": "Short program report (Jan 2024) with headline results only (for example, risk of psychological distress fell 23% for recipients and rose 8% for non-recipients); no methods detail, sample sizes or measurement dates beyond 'continuously' and 'at the two-year mark'. Control stipend amount not stated. Recipients could attend optional workshops; delivered with UpTogether; benefits protected. Launched August 2021, pilot ended fall 2023 (years approximate). Employment appears only in participant stories. A second cohort began in 2024." }, { "trial": "T40", "eligible": true, "why": "Cohort 1 (100 New York City mothers) was an RCT of $1,000 a month against a control group; its reported outcomes so far are financial, but the brief says mothers' mental health will be explored.", "country": "USA", "sites": "New York City", "population": "low-income mothers of newborns or infants in New York City (cohort 1 eligibility not described)", "years": null, "arms": [ { "label": "$1,000/month group (cohort 1)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": null, "n_randomized": null }, { "label": "Control group (cohort 1)", "kind": "control", "amount": null, "currency": "USD", "per": null, "months_paid": null, "n_randomized": null } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T40-1", "treated": "$1,000/month group (cohort 1)", "control": "Control group (cohort 1)", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": null, "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": null, "payment_months": null, "waves": [ { "label": "18 months (cohort 1)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": null, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [], "employment_measures": [], "evaluator": "University of Pennsylvania Center for Guaranteed Income Research (cohort 1 RCT); The Bridge Project research team (cohorts 2 and 3)", "result_reports": [], "notes": "The Bridge Project has several cohorts: cohort 1 (100 NYC mothers) is the RCT run by Penn's CGIR, comparing a $1,000/month group with a control group (control condition, arm sizes, start date and duration not given in the files); cohort 2 (500 NYC mothers, July 2022-June 2025) and cohort 3 (500 New York mothers, with a $1,500 prenatal stipend) have no control group. Cohort 1 results: savings, $400 emergency, childcare access, and home stability (CHAOS and HARMONY scales) at 18 months, with no mental health or employment results. The brief says ongoing and future projects will explore mothers' physical and mental health. Only non-comparative evidence on mental health and work (cohort 3: 88% said stress decreased; qualitative comments on returning to work; nybp_2 reports education enrollment), so no result report is listed. Eligibility rests on the stated plan." }, { "trial": "T41", "eligible": true, "why": "Young adults experiencing homelessness were randomly invited to $1,100 a month for 24 months plus a $3,000 fund and optional services, versus services as usual, and the brief reports employment (no apparent effect) with mental health a registered outcome.", "country": "USA", "sites": "New York City", "population": "young adults aged 18-24 experiencing homelessness, recruited from three NYC shelters and two drop-in centers, without untreated substance use or mental health problems", "years": "2022-04 to 2024-04", "arms": [ { "label": "Trust Youth Initiative (cash plus)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1100, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 34 }, { "label": "Services as usual", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 44 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T41-1", "treated": "Trust Youth Initiative (cash plus)", "control": "Services as usual", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-04", "payment_months": 24, "waves": [ { "label": "monthly short surveys (months 1-30)", "months_since_first_payment": null, "during_payments": null, "measures": [] }, { "label": "6-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "24-month survey (near the end of the program)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "30-month survey (6 months after the program ended)", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "employment" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [], "employment_measures": [ "employment status and earnings (registered secondary outcome); the brief reports no apparent impact on employment" ], "evaluator": "Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago (Mathematica for recruitment, data collection and random assignment)", "result_reports": [ "pilot:trus_1" ], "notes": "Cash plus: $550 twice a month ($1,100/month, $26,400 in all) for 24 months plus a one-time $3,000 Enrichment Fund that could be drawn any time, with optional services (housing navigation, financial coaching, peer counseling) from the Ali Forney Center. 34 of 78 enrolled were randomly invited by biased-coin randomization (registration targeted 30 and 40); 4 did not respond and 1 declined because of SSI, and these 5 were analysed with services as usual (29 vs 49), so the analysis is not intent-to-treat. Services as usual include shelter and case management. Everyone was paid for surveys ($50 long, $20 monthly short). Results are descriptive (no significance testing). Employment and education were described only as showing no apparent impact, with no wave named; coded at 30 months, which is an assumption. Mental health was surveyed (registered secondary outcome) but not reported in the brief. Registered AEARCTR-0009034." }, { "trial": "T42", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_flat", "why": "Cash payments were set like a housing voucher so the household pays 30% of its income on housing, and were recalculated on current income after a year, so the amount falls as income rises.", "notes": "Three-arm RCT in Philadelphia (301 cash, 170 offered a voucher from the top of the HCV waitlist, 725 control on PHA waitlists) of families with children under 16 and income below 50% of AMI; cash on an unrestricted debit card from fall 2022 to June 2026, payments $45-$2,433 after recertification. Reported outcomes are housing; mental health measured but not yet reported." }, { "trial": "T43", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_randomized", "why": "Ten community organizations chose participants for their slots (one used a lottery among its own applicants) and there is no randomized control group, only an external statewide survey benchmark.", "notes": "Austin pilot: $1,000/month for 12 months (Sept 2022-Aug 2023) to 135 households facing eviction or leaving homelessness; Urban Institute and Jain Family Institute pre-post evaluation benchmarked to the Census Household Pulse Survey; the report states it is not a randomized controlled trial." }, { "trial": "T44", "eligible": true, "why": "80 households were chosen by lottery for $500 a month for 12 months, with a random draw of non-selected applicants who agreed to follow-up as controls, and the reports present K10 distress, full-time work and work-hours changes.", "country": "USA", "sites": "City of Sacramento, California", "population": "City of Sacramento residents 18+ with household income below size-based thresholds", "years": "2023-07 to 2024-06", "arms": [ { "label": "GI participants", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 80 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 71 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T44-1", "treated": "GI participants", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2023-07", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "endline (T2, June 2024, last month of payments)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours" ] }, { "label": "post-payment, 6 months", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 10 items (K10)" ], "employment_measures": [ "working one stable full-time job", "voluntarily reduced or increased hours worked in the past year", "took time off to look for a more fulfilling job; started a business" ], "evaluator": "California State University, Sacramento (School of Social Work; Center for Health Practice, Policy and Research)", "result_reports": [ "pilot:uwct_1", "pilot:uwct_2" ], "notes": "Lottery among 10,407 applications screened only for age and city residence; selected households were verified for income and given benefits counseling, and non-responders were replaced by new random draws (14 rounds). Controls: 1,794 of 10,005 non-selected applicants (18%) agreed to a second survey for a $25 card and 71 were drawn at random from them, so controls are self-selected lottery losers. All completed the baseline at application (May 2023). 67 of 80 participants answered the endline. Payments via SAFE Credit Union; voluntary financial-education webinars for recipients. The report calls it a 'pre-post, modified, random control study'. The full-time job rate (39% vs 40%) is reported for participants over time; the hours items were asked only at endline." }, { "trial": "T45", "eligible": true, "why": "130 households were chosen by lottery for $505 a month for 12 months, with random samples of non-selected applicants recruited as controls, and the report presents K10 distress, multiple job holding and work-hours changes.", "country": "USA", "sites": "Sacramento County Districts 1 and 2, California", "population": "residents 18+ of Sacramento County Districts 1 and 2 with household income below size-based thresholds", "years": "2024-01 to 2024-12", "arms": [ { "label": "GI participants", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 505, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 130 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 92 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T45-1", "treated": "GI participants", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2024-01", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "endline (T2, January 2025, when payments stopped)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours" ] }, { "label": "18-month follow-up (T3, June 2025)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "hours" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 10 items (K10)" ], "employment_measures": [ "working more than one job", "employment status (full-time, part-time, not employed)", "voluntarily reduced or increased hours worked" ], "evaluator": "Sacramento State University School of Social Work (Center for Health Care Practice, Policy, and Research)", "result_reports": [ "pilot:uwcr_1" ], "notes": "Lottery among more than 8,400 applicants (8,821 baseline surveys, Oct-Nov 2023); selected households were verified and replaced by new random draws until 130. Controls were recruited at endline from random samples of non-participant applicants who accepted a $25-card survey invitation (first batch of 150 yielded 22; five batches to reach 92), so controls are self-selected lottery losers and differ in household composition. Participant response 64% at endline and 51% at 18 months; control 92 and 71. Payments via SAFE Credit Union; voluntary financial-education webinars. Funded by the county and the Sierra Health Foundation; third United Way cohort." } ]