[ { "trial": "T21", "eligible": false, "reason": "no_eligible_outcome", "why": "The randomized part, CollegeBound Boost ($500/month for 24 months plus quarterly CSA deposits, against CSA-only and deposits-only groups), is reported only in two qualitative interview papers that present no mental health or employment outcomes by arm and state no plan to, while the People's Prosperity Pilot evaluation that does report Kessler-10 and employment is a single-group study with no control group." }, { "trial": "T22", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Applicants were randomly assigned to $500/month unconditional cash for 12 months or a no-cash control, and the report presents Kessler distress, perceived stress, and full-time employment.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Tacoma, Washington (ZIP codes 98404, 98405, 98408, 98409)" ], "population": "Single parents or guardians of a child 0-17 (or disabled child to 21) with income 100-200% of the federal poverty level", "years": "2021-12 to 2022-11", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 110 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 132 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T22-1", "treated": "Treatment group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2021-12", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "6 months (May 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "12 months (November 2022, as the cash ended)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "18 months (May 2023, 6 months after payments ended)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003), total and anxiety subscale", "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed full-time (self-reported employment status)", "part-time or seasonal work", "unemployed and looking for work", "stay-at-home parent or caregiver" ], "evaluator": "University of Pennsylvania Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR)", "result_reports": [ "cgir:CGIR-Report-Tacoma-WA" ], "notes": "Baseline survey August 2021; wave months are the report's labels. The treatment group was already more often employed full-time at baseline (57% vs 42%). Estimates are GEE regression-adjusted means after multiple imputation. Both groups were compensated for surveys. Attrition at 18 months: 94 of 110 treatment, 96 of 132 control." }, { "trial": "T23", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Applicants were randomly selected for $500/month unconditional cash or a no-cash control, and the report presents Kessler-10, perceived stress, and employment status.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Ulster County, New York" ], "population": "Ulster County households earning under 80% of area median income ($46,900)", "years": "2021-05 to 2022-09", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 17, "n_randomized": 100 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 84 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T23-1", "treated": "Treatment group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2021-05", "payment_months": 17, "waves": [ { "label": "Wave 2 (December 2021)", "months_since_first_payment": 7, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "Wave 3 (April 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 11, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] }, { "label": "Wave 4 / endline (October 2022, shortly after the GI ended)", "months_since_first_payment": 17, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10)", "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed full-time", "employed part-time" ], "evaluator": "University of Pennsylvania Center for Guaranteed Income Research (CGIR)", "result_reports": [ "cgir:CGIR-Report-UlsterCounty-NY" ], "notes": "100 households were randomized to payments and 84 to control, but the research sample was 61 treatment and 84 control. Payments were $500 from May 2021 to June 2022 (12 planned plus 2 extended months), then tapered by schedule, not by income: $400 in July, $350 in August, $250 in September 2022. Wave months computed from dates (first payment May 2021); the report also calls Wave 4 six months after the pilot's original end. Treatment participants got benefits counseling. Complete-case analysis with heavy control attrition (employment table n = 32 treatment, 34 control)." }, { "trial": "T24", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Eligible households were randomized to twice-monthly or quarterly unconditional transfers averaging about $500/month for two years or to a no-cash control, and the paper presents a psychological well-being index (with the K6), labor market participation, hours, and earnings.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Compton, California" ], "population": "Compton households with income below 220% of the federal poverty line, a member aged 23-57, and no SSI/SSDI", "years": "2021-02 to 2023-04", "arms": [ { "label": "Twice-monthly (high frequency)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 345 }, { "label": "Quarterly (low frequency)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 350 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 1402 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T24-1", "treated": "Twice-monthly (high frequency)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" }, { "id": "T24-2", "treated": "Quarterly (low frequency)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "participant sex; assigned separately in four enrollment rounds with differing treatment shares (weighted)", "payment_start": "2021-02", "payment_months": 24, "waves": [ { "label": "Endline survey (about 18 months after transfers began, May-September 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Follow-up survey (summer 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 29, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "hours", "earnings" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Psychological well-being index (first principal component of depression frequency, stress frequency, life satisfaction, happiness, and the Kessler 6 (K6))" ], "employment_measures": [ "participated in labor market (positive weekly hours)", "weekly hours worked in formal, informal, and self-employment", "respondent earnings before taxes (last 30 days)", "follow-up survey: self-reported increase or decrease in weekly work hours and earnings since March 2021" ], "evaluator": "Balakrishnan, Chan, Constantino, Haushofer, and Morduch (Jain Family Institute, NYU Wagner, Stanford, National University of Singapore; NBER working paper); data collection by the USC Center for Economic and Social Research (CESR)", "result_reports": [ "aei:compton" ], "notes": "Arm amounts are monthly equivalents: transfers varied by number of children ($300, $450, or $600 a month for 0, 1, or 2+ children; design average $6,400 a year). Twice-monthly arm paid on the 7th and 21st; quarterly arm paid each quarter's total as a lump sum at its start. 70 of 695 offered did not take up. 102 households enrolled earlier and a 30-person implementation pilot are outside the study; 253 participants were erroneously re-randomized in February 2021 (final assignment kept). Survey payment $50 per survey. K6 is reported only inside the index; stress and life satisfaction are index components, not reported separately. The follow-up survey months are computed from 'summer 2023'." }, { "trial": "T25", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Main-cohort participants were chosen by lottery among eligible applicants for $800/month for 24 months, compared with applicants not selected, and the report presents anxiety and mental-health items and employment status at 18 and 24 months.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Montgomery County, Maryland" ], "population": "County health and human services clients (benefits since 2020) with a child under 18 and a priority condition; separate cohort of people who had exited shelters", "years": "2022 (summer) to 2024 (about August)", "arms": [ { "label": "Main cohort", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 800, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 200 }, { "label": "Main cohort comparison group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 166 }, { "label": "SEPH cohort", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 800, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 100 }, { "label": "SEPH comparison group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": null } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T25-1", "treated": "Main cohort", "control": "Main cohort comparison group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022 (summer; enrollment May-October 2022)", "payment_months": 24, "waves": [ { "label": "18-month survey (April 2024)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "24-month survey (November 2024)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "earnings" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Felt anxious (more than half of days or nearly every day)", "Not able to stop worrying", "Felt worried about children's mental health", "Struggling with mental health (self-rated very poor or poor)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed (full-time, part-time, self-employed, seasonal, or under the table)", "unemployed and looking for work", "not in the labor force", "personal annual income from paid work (categories)" ], "evaluator": "Urban Institute (surveys administered by Montgomery County Department of Health and Human Services)", "result_reports": [ "aei:montgomery" ], "notes": "Main cohort: 200 of 401 applicants selected at random; the comparison group is the 166 eligible applicants not selected. The comparison group got no baseline survey and responded poorly (about 53 at 18 months, 42 at 24 months). Recipients also had a guaranteed income coach and benefits counseling. The SEPH cohort (100 people who had exited county shelters) was compared only on return to homelessness from administrative data, so it gives no eligible comparison. The 24-month survey was taken by most participants about three months after their last payment, so the stated 24 months is the report's label." }, { "trial": "T26", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Adults experiencing homelessness were randomized to $1,000/month, a $6,500 lump sum then $500/month, or a $50/month active control, and the report presents Kessler-10 and employment.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Denver, Colorado" ], "population": "Adults experiencing homelessness using one of 19 partner agencies, without severe unaddressed mental health or substance use needs", "years": "2022-11 to 2024-01", "arms": [ { "label": "Group A ($1,000/month)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": null }, { "label": "Group B (lump sum)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": null }, { "label": "Group C ($50/month)", "kind": "control", "amount": 50, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": null } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T26-1", "treated": "Group A ($1,000/month)", "control": "Group C ($50/month)", "kind": "recurring" }, { "id": "T26-2", "treated": "Group B (lump sum)", "control": "Group C ($50/month)", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-11", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "Timepoint 2 (6 months after enrollment)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "Timepoint 3 (10 months after enrollment)", "months_since_first_payment": 10, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Parenting Distress Scale (stress related to parenting; parents only)" ], "employment_measures": [ "full-time employment as a source of income", "part-time employment as a source of income", "paid temporary work" ], "evaluator": "Daniel Brisson, Katie Hoops Calhoun and colleagues (the report's text does not name their organization)", "result_reports": [ "aei:denver" ], "notes": "Group B got $6,500 at the start and $500/month for the next 11 months ($12,000 total, as Group A). All groups got a phone with a 12-month plan, a debit card, and connection to the project, so Group C is an active control. 807 enrolled; per-group randomized numbers are not given (Timepoint 1 respondents: A 209, B 193, C 229). Cohorts were first paid Nov 15, 2022 to Feb 15, 2023, about a month after enrollment; wave months are months after enrollment as stated. Timepoint 1 was at enrollment, after participants knew their group. Results compare Timepoint 1 to 3 for those completing both. The report says the project was extended by 6 months. Biweekly text surveys were also collected. The older-adult subsample abstract (openalex:W4405976894) reports housing and SF-36 only." }, { "trial": "T27", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Eligible women were chosen by lottery for $850/month or $4,300 then $700/month for 24 months, compared with lottery entrants not selected, and the reports present Kessler-10, employment, and hours worked.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Old Fourth Ward (Atlanta), College Park, and Clay-Randolph-Terrell counties, Georgia" ], "population": "Women 18+ with household income at or below 200% of the federal poverty level in three Georgia communities (mostly Black women)", "years": "2022 (summer) to 2024", "arms": [ { "label": "Group A", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 850, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 329 }, { "label": "Group B", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 700, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 325 }, { "label": "Comparison group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 1716 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T27-1", "treated": "Group A", "control": "Comparison group", "kind": "recurring" }, { "id": "T27-2", "treated": "Group B", "control": "Comparison group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022 (summer)", "payment_months": 24, "waves": [ { "label": "6-month survey (program participants only)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12-month survey (Year One)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours" ] }, { "label": "18-month survey (program participants only)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "24-month survey (Year Two, summer-fall 2024)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed full-time", "employed part-time", "unemployed", "hours worked in the past week" ], "evaluator": "Appalachian State University (PI Leah Hamilton) and the Center for Social Development at Washington University in St. Louis, with Clark Atlanta University (interviews), Morehouse School of Medicine and UCLA (consultation)", "result_reports": [ "aei:in-her-hands", "pmid:41448443" ], "notes": "Group B got $4,300 in month 1 and $700/month for months 2-24 ($20,400 total, as Group A). Comparison group size: 1,716 in the journal article, about 1,816 in the report. The comparison group had no baseline survey (application data only) and was surveyed only at 12 and 24 months, with low response (about 10-12% vs about 41% of recipients). Reports pool Groups A and B. Program participants were surveyed twice a year. The 24-month survey was fielded around and after the last payment (the journal article calls it after full disbursement). Implemented by the Georgia Resilience and Opportunity Fund and GiveDirectly. openalex:W7213452893 reports financial outcomes only; openalex:W4412165314 and W4411677469 (stress and sleep abstracts) contain titles only." }, { "trial": "T28", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Applicants were randomly selected for $1,000/month for 24 months or a no-cash control, and the one-year report presents Kessler-10, perceived stress, and employment.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Alameda, California" ], "population": "Alameda residents 18+ with household income at or below 50% of area median income", "years": "2023-12 to 2025-11", "arms": [ { "label": "Program group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 192 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 180 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T28-1", "treated": "Program group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2023-12", "payment_months": 24, "waves": [ { "label": "6-month brief (three-question) survey", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "One-year (12-month) survey", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "18-month brief survey (planned)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "Two-year (24-month) survey (planned; final report 2026)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale, 4-item short form (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed full-time", "working or full-time caregiver (paid or unpaid work)", "unemployed", "job satisfaction; looking for work out of desire vs expectation" ], "evaluator": "Abt Global", "result_reports": [ "aei:rise-up-alameda" ], "notes": "192 were randomly selected for the program group; 42 proved ineligible or declined and were replaced with randomly selected unassigned applicants, so 150 received GI; inactive program members were treated as survey nonrespondents. One-year response: 62% program, 51% control. Program members got benefits counseling at onboarding. 6-month brief survey results are in an appendix not included in the file." }, { "trial": "T29", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Households were randomized within strata to $500/month for 24 months or control, and the paper presents Kessler-10, a labor supply index, and subjective well-being at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Minneapolis, Minnesota (nine low-income ZIP codes)" ], "population": "Adults in nine ZIP codes with 2021 household income at or below 50% of area median income and economically affected by COVID-19", "years": "2022-06 to 2024-05", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 200 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 329 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T29-1", "treated": "Treatment group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": "poverty status, presence of children under 18, and North Minneapolis ZIP code group (8 strata)", "payment_start": "2022-06", "payment_months": 24, "waves": [ { "label": "6-month", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "12-month", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "18-month", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "24-month (1-2 months after the final payment)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "30-month post-pilot (in progress)", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] }, { "label": "36-month post-pilot (in progress)", "months_since_first_payment": 36, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)" ], "employment_measures": [ "labor supply index (worked last month, employed last week, in labor force, full-time, multiple jobs, usual weekly hours)", "employment rate (exploratory)" ], "evaluator": "Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis (Goodman-Bacon and Palmer)", "result_reports": [ "aei:minneapolis-paper", "aei:minneapolis-overview" ], "notes": "Both arms got $150 per completed survey every six months (control amount coded 0). 198 were initially randomized to treatment; the City then moved 30 control participants to treatment at random to replace ineligible or unreachable assignees and fill slots, plus one later replacement (201 ever assigned, 200 paid; registry says 330 controls). Large differential attrition (about 25% treatment, 55% control), handled by pre-specified covariate, lagged-outcome, and difference-in-differences estimators. life_satisfaction refers to a subjective well-being index of self-rated health, happiness, and life satisfaction. The paper's introduction says payments ran July 2022-June 2024; its methods section says they began in June 2022." }, { "trial": "T30", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Single mothers were randomly assigned to $375/month for 12 months or a no-cash control, and the report presents Kessler-10, perceived stress, and full-time employment during and after the pilot.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Birmingham, Alabama" ], "population": "Single mothers 18+ living in Birmingham, regardless of income", "years": "2022-03 to 2023-02", "arms": [ { "label": "Embrace Mothers participant group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 375, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 131 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 132 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T30-1", "treated": "Embrace Mothers participant group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-03", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "Mid-pilot (6 months, September 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "End of pilot (12 months, February 2023, last payment)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "Post-pilot (6 months after payments ended, September 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed full-time", "full-time caregiver or stay-at-home parent", "types of paid and unpaid labor", "work issues due to childcare" ], "evaluator": "Abt Global (Abt Associates)", "result_reports": [ "aei:birmingham", "dashboard:child-outcomes" ], "notes": "131 assigned to the participant group: 110 initially, with 21 who could not be onboarded replaced by random draws; the 21 inactive members remain in the intent-to-treat analysis (N = 263). Participants got benefits counseling at onboarding. First payment March 25, 2022. Detailed impact tables are in appendices not included in the file. dashboard:child-outcomes is a qualitative interview brief." }, { "trial": "T31", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Applicants were randomly assigned to $500/month (24 months plus a 5-month extension) or a no-cash control, and the year-one report presents employment status and perceived stress.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Alexandria, Virginia" ], "population": "Alexandria residents in households at or below 50% of area median income", "years": "2023-02 to 2025-06", "arms": [ { "label": "ARISE participant group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 29, "n_randomized": 184 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 210 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T31-1", "treated": "ARISE participant group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2023-02", "payment_months": 29, "waves": [ { "label": "6-month two-question tracking survey", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "employment" ] }, { "label": "12-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "18-month tracking survey (planned)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "24-month survey (planned)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "working (any employment)", "employed full-time", "employed part-time", "caregiving or other employment category" ], "evaluator": "Abt Global", "result_reports": [ "aei:alexandria" ], "notes": "170 received GI; 14 more assigned to the participant group (unreachable, ineligible, or declined) are kept in the intent-to-treat analysis but were not surveyed (analytic N = 394). Payments were planned for 24 months and extended 5 months through June 2025. The report says GI did not seem to affect 'some measures of mental health' without naming or reporting them. The final report will add the 18- and 24-month surveys and 30-month interviews. Participants got benefits counseling." }, { "trial": "T32", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Applicants were randomly ordered and offered $500/month for 12 months, compared with applicants not offered, and the report presents employment, earned income, perceived stress, and life satisfaction.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Rochester, New York (qualifying census tracts)" ], "population": "Residents 18+ living in Rochester at least a year, in qualifying census tracts, with household income at or below 185% of the federal poverty level", "years": "2023-09 to 2024-11", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 410 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 11180 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T32-1", "treated": "Treatment group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2023-09", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "12-month follow-up survey (final month of payments)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "stress", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "earnings" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Perceived Stress Scale (0-40; stress), which the report groups under mental health" ], "employment_measures": [ "currently employed", "currently employed full-time (at least 35 hours a week)", "earned income (annual)" ], "evaluator": "Wilson Sheehan Lab for Economic Opportunities (LEO), University of Notre Dame, with Rochester Institute of Technology", "result_reports": [ "aei:rochester" ], "notes": "Two cohorts: 175 paid September 2023-August 2024 and 176 paid December 2023-November 2024. Treatment is the 410 contacted for enrollment (351 enrolled); control is 11,180 applicants never contacted; one applicant per household was eligible for selection. The survey invited all treatment and 1,000 randomly chosen controls; 518 completed it (53% treatment, 30% control). Both groups could get information on free financial counseling. Life satisfaction is the Cantril ladder. Quarterly credit bureau records were also analyzed. ITT and TOT estimates reported." }, { "trial": "T33", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Single parents were randomly assigned to $660/month for 12 months or a no-cash control, and the report presents Kessler distress, perceived stress, and employment during and after the pilot.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Shreveport and Caddo Parish, Louisiana" ], "population": "Single parents 18+ of a child aged 3-20 with household income at or below 120% of the federal poverty level", "years": "2022-03 to 2023-02", "arms": [ { "label": "SGIP participant group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 660, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 165 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 132 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T33-1", "treated": "SGIP participant group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "area: about half of participants drawn from the five lowest-income ZIP codes and half from the rest of the parish", "payment_start": "2022-03", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "Mid-pilot (6 months, September 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "End-of-pilot (12 months, February 2023, last payment)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "Post-pilot (6 months after GI ended, August 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (version not stated)", "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "has at least one job", "participation in paid or unpaid work", "employment status (full-time, part-time)", "job fulfillment; looked for work because wanted to" ], "evaluator": "Abt Global (Abt Associates)", "result_reports": [ "aei:shreveport", "dashboard:child-outcomes" ], "notes": "165 randomly assigned to the participant group (110 initial plus 55 random replacements for those not onboarded); 110 received GI; the 45 replaced but application-eligible stay in the intent-to-treat analysis (155 analyzed); the other 10 replaced applicants are not analyzed. Participants got benefits counseling. Detailed impact tables are in appendices not included in the file. dashboard:child-outcomes is a qualitative interview brief." }, { "trial": "T34", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Young adults were randomly assigned to $500/month for 12 months or a no-cash control, and the report presents Kessler-10, perceived stress, and work during and after the pilot.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "California, Russell, and Smoketown neighborhoods, Louisville, Kentucky" ], "population": "Young adults aged 18-24 living in three neighborhoods, regardless of income", "years": "2022-04 to 2023-03", "arms": [ { "label": "YALift! participant group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 194 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 180 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T34-1", "treated": "YALift! participant group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "neighborhood (selection divided evenly across the three neighborhoods)", "payment_start": "2022-04", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "Mid-pilot (6 months, October 2022)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "End of pilot (12 months, March 2023, last payment)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "Post-pilot (6 months after payments ended, October 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "working (paid work)", "working full-time", "full-time caregiver or full-time student", "difficulty fulfilling commitments outside work" ], "evaluator": "Abt Global (Abt Associates)", "result_reports": [ "aei:louisville", "dashboard:child-outcomes" ], "notes": "194 assigned to the participant group: 151 received GI and 43 who could not be onboarded stay in the intent-to-treat analysis. Participants got benefits counseling and chose an app or prepaid card. Mental health impacts are in an appendix table not included in the file. dashboard:child-outcomes is a qualitative interview brief." }, { "trial": "T35", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A lottery gave households a Visa cash card usable anywhere, reloaded with up to $400 a month for nine months, against lottery losers, and the paper presents PHQ-2/GAD-2 and employment and hours.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Chelsea, Massachusetts" ], "population": "Chelsea households with income at or below 30% of area median income", "years": "2020-11 to 2021-08", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group (lottery winners)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 400, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 9, "n_randomized": 2213 }, { "label": "Control group (lottery losers)", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 1402 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T35-1", "treated": "Treatment group (lottery winners)", "control": "Control group (lottery losers)", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2020-11", "payment_months": 9, "waves": [ { "label": "December pulse survey (December 7-20, 2020)", "months_since_first_payment": 0.5, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "February pulse survey (January 31-February 16, 2021)", "months_since_first_payment": 2.5, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "24-hour food recall (March-May 2021)", "months_since_first_payment": 4, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "Final ('April') survey (April 12-May 10, 2021)", "months_since_first_payment": 5, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "PHQ-2 and GAD-2 (anxious or depressed: score of 3 or more on either)" ], "employment_measures": [ "respondent worked for pay last week", "respondent or spouse worked for pay last week", "respondent hours worked per week", "household hours worked per week" ], "evaluator": "Harvard University and the Rappaport Institute for Greater Boston (Liebman, Carlson, Novick, Portocarrero); health care utilization study by Harvard Medical School / Brigham and Women's Hospital", "result_reports": [ "aei:chelsea-eats", "pmid:39037892" ], "notes": "Card amount by household size: $200 (one person), $300 (two), $400 (three or more). Weighted lottery (extra tickets for priority criteria), analyzed with inverse-probability weights; 139 drawn from a randomized waitlist were added to the 2,074 winners. Nine monthly credits from November 25, 2020 to August 2, 2021 (the program began with six planned months). 1,936 entrants consented to surveys before the lottery; 95% answered the final survey. The pulse surveys present only control-group trends for employment and PHQ-2/GAD-2, not comparisons. Wave months computed from dates. pmid:39037892 reports behavioral-health emergency visits from medical records." }, { "trial": "T36", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Young parents were randomly assigned to $1,000/month for 24 months or a no-cash control, and the final report presents Kessler-10, perceived stress, and work at 18, 24 and 30 months.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Baltimore, Maryland" ], "population": "Young parents aged 18-24 in Baltimore with household income at or below 300% of the federal poverty level", "years": "2022-08 to 2024-07", "arms": [ { "label": "BYFSF program group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 153 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 156 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T36-1", "treated": "BYFSF program group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-08", "payment_months": 24, "waves": [ { "label": "6-month survey (interim report, not in these files)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12-month survey (interim report, not in these files)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "18-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "24-month survey (payments ending)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] }, { "label": "30-month survey (6 months after payments ended)", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "employment" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (K10)", "Perceived Stress Scale (stress)" ], "employment_measures": [ "currently engaged in paid or unpaid work", "full-time employment", "share of household income from employment", "employed in meaningful work; hours of work missed due to childcare" ], "evaluator": "Abt Global (interviews by Johns Hopkins University)", "result_reports": [ "aei:baltimore" ], "notes": "153 assigned to the program group: 130 received GI and 23 who could not be onboarded stay in the intent-to-treat analysis. A further 70 recipients formed a storytelling cohort outside the study (200 in all). Participants got benefits counseling. An interim report (not in these files) gave 6- and 12-month results. One passage says recipients were chosen 'to receive GI for a year', but the report otherwise describes 24 monthly payments, August 2022-July 2024." }, { "trial": "T37", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "The county randomized a pool of very low-income families into 200 receiving $500/month for 18 months and 100 comparison households, and the report presents employment, income from work, and mental-health days.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Arlington County, Virginia" ], "population": "Families with children under 18 receiving county Housing Grants with income at or below 30% of area median income, plus returning citizens and undocumented heads of household", "years": "2021-09 to 2023-11", "arms": [ { "label": "Participant group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 18, "n_randomized": 200 }, { "label": "Comparison group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 100 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T37-1", "treated": "Participant group", "control": "Comparison group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2021-09", "payment_months": 18, "waves": [ { "label": "6-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "Final (18-month) survey", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "earnings" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Days in the past month that stress, anxiety, or sadness kept the respondent from usual activities" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed", "median monthly income from work", "hourly wage" ], "evaluator": "Arlington County Department of Human Services (Quality and Administration Division) with Arlington Community Foundation; Urban Institute technical support", "result_reports": [ "pilot:argu_1" ], "notes": "Participants were drawn from an administrative pool, not applicants, and told of selection by letter; eight cohorts enrolled September 2021-May 2022 for 18 months each. Participant group: 150 Housing Grant recipients, 25 returning citizens, 25 undocumented; the comparison group had similar proportions. Recipients could take optional 1:1 coaching (34% did) and got referrals from the program advocate who also ran their surveys; comparison surveys were run by other organizations, with $30-40 gift cards (cash group $20). The evaluators say they did not contract for a full RCT. The report compares baseline with the final survey only." }, { "trial": "T38", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Abt's evaluation randomly assigned applicants to 12 monthly $500 payments or a control group, and the only file reports parents' mental health and work-life findings from interviews and says the survey outcomes would be reported from 2024.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Atlanta, Georgia" ], "population": "Atlanta residents 18+ with self-reported income up to 200% of the federal poverty level", "years": "2022-06 to 2023-05", "arms": [ { "label": "Intervention group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 300 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": null } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T38-1", "treated": "Intervention group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-06", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "6-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "18-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [], "employment_measures": [], "evaluator": "Abt Associates", "result_reports": [ "pilot:impa_1", "dashboard:child-outcomes" ], "notes": "Both file ids are the same qualitative brief on four Abt-evaluated Southeast pilots (interviews January-March 2023, 7-10 months into the pilots; 14 Atlanta interviewees). It gives no survey outcomes by arm and says survey findings would be reported for each city beginning in 2024. Surveys at application, then 6, 12, and 18 months later (months as stated). 300 participants served; control size not given. The pilot did not require participants to be parents. Implemented by the Urban League of Greater Atlanta." }, { "trial": "T39", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A lottery run by UMass Boston gave 50 families $583/month for two years against an equal-size control group paid a stipend for sharing information, and the report presents psychological distress and life satisfaction.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Boston, Massachusetts" ], "population": "Families in the Camp Harbor View community earning under $70,500 per adult household member", "years": "2021-08 to 2023-07", "arms": [ { "label": "Direct Cash Program families", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 583, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 50 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": null, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 50 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T39-1", "treated": "Direct Cash Program families", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2021-08", "payment_months": 24, "waves": [ { "label": "Two-year mark", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Psychological distress (instrument not named)" ], "employment_measures": [], "evaluator": "Blakely Consulting (lottery administered by UMass Boston)", "result_reports": [ "pilot:chvg_1" ], "notes": "Control families got a stipend of unstated size for sharing information. Recipients also had access to optional workshops (investing, taxes, real estate, business, college savings). The report says impact was measured continuously but gives only percentage changes at the two-year mark; employment appears only in participant stories. Payment end date is inferred from two years of payments starting August 2021; the report says the pilot ended in fall 2023." }, { "trial": "T40", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Cohort 1 (100 New York City mothers) was a CGIR-run RCT of $1,000/month unconditional cash against a control group, and although its reported outcomes are financial, the brief states that ongoing projects will study mothers' mental health.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "New York City" ], "population": "Low-income mothers with infants (cohort 1, New York City)", "years": null, "arms": [ { "label": "$1000/month group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": null, "n_randomized": null }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": null, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": null, "n_randomized": null } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T40-1", "treated": "$1000/month group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": null, "payment_months": null, "waves": [ { "label": "18 months", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": null, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [], "employment_measures": [], "evaluator": "University of Pennsylvania Center for Guaranteed Income Research (cohort 1); The Bridge Project (cohorts 2 and 3)", "result_reports": [], "notes": "Cohort 1 results reported: savings, $400 emergency expense, access to childcare, and CHAOS and HARMONY home scales at 18 months. The brief's wording ('the group receiving $1000/month') may imply other arms not described. Cohorts 2 and 3 (500 mothers each; cohort 3 also got a $1,500 prenatal stipend) and later Connecticut and Milwaukee cohorts have no control group. Eligibility rests on the stated plan to explore mothers' physical and mental health; payment duration, dates, control conditions, and arm sizes are not given." }, { "trial": "T41", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "Young adults experiencing homelessness were randomly invited to a cash-plus program ($1,100 a month for 24 months plus a $3,000 fund) or services as usual, and the report says the program did not appear to affect employment, with mental health and employment registered as outcomes.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "New York City" ], "population": "Young adults aged 18-24 experiencing homelessness without untreated substance use or mental health problems", "years": "2022-04 to 2024-04", "arms": [ { "label": "Trust Youth Initiative (cash plus)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1100, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 34 }, { "label": "Services as usual", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 44 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T41-1", "treated": "Trust Youth Initiative (cash plus)", "control": "Services as usual", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-04", "payment_months": 24, "waves": [ { "label": "6-month long survey", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12-month long survey", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "24-month long survey (near the end of the program)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "30-month long survey (6 months after the program ended)", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "employment" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [], "employment_measures": [ "employment (no figures reported)" ], "evaluator": "Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago (NYC Pathways Study); Mathematica ran random assignment and data collection", "result_reports": [ "pilot:trus_1" ], "notes": "Biased-coin randomization: 34 invited, 29 enrolled; the 5 who did not enroll were analyzed with services as usual (as-treated; 78 enrolled in the study). Cash: two payments of $550 a month for 24 months plus a one-time $3,000 Enrichment Fund usable any time, with optional supportive services from Ali Forney Center for the cash group only. All participants got survey stipends ($50 per long survey, $20 per monthly short survey). Monthly short surveys ran between long surveys. Comparisons are descriptive (no significance tests). The employment statement gives no wave; it is attached to the final wave here. The registry lists mental health and employment status and earnings as secondary outcomes. Dates from the registry." }, { "trial": "T42", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_flat", "why": "Cash payments were set like a housing voucher so households paid no more than 30% of income on housing, and were recertified after a year on current income and rent (some fell to zero), so the amount fell as income rose." }, { "trial": "T43", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_randomized", "why": "Community organizations chose participants at their discretion (one used a lottery among its own applicants), and the report says the study is not a randomized controlled trial, comparing participants only with Census Household Pulse Survey benchmarks." }, { "trial": "T44", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "80 applicants were randomly selected for $500/month for 12 months and compared with a random sample of applicants not selected, and the reports present Kessler-10 and work measures.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "City of Sacramento, California" ], "population": "City of Sacramento residents 18+ with household income below size-based limits (e.g., $28,205 for one adult)", "years": "2023-07 to 2024-06", "arms": [ { "label": "GI participants", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 80 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 10005 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T44-1", "treated": "GI participants", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2023-07", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "Endline (June 2024, last month of payments)", "months_since_first_payment": 11, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours" ] }, { "label": "Six months after payments (post-payment, 6 months)", "months_since_first_payment": 17, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 10 questions (K10)" ], "employment_measures": [ "working one stable full-time job", "voluntarily reduced or increased hours worked", "took time off to look for a more fulfilling or better job; started a business" ], "evaluator": "California State University, Sacramento (School of Social Work)", "result_reports": [ "pilot:uwct_1", "pilot:uwct_2" ], "notes": "Recipients were drawn at random from 10,407 eligible applications in 14 rounds, replacing non-responders. The control group (71 analyzed) was pulled at random at endline from non-selected applicants who agreed to a follow-up survey (1,794 of 10,005 replied); its n_randomized is the non-selected pool. 67 of 80 recipients answered the endline. Recipients got benefits counseling and optional financial literacy workshops. Wave months computed from dates (first payment July 1, 2023)." }, { "trial": "T45", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "130 applicants were randomly selected for $505/month for 12 months and compared with a random sample of applicants not selected, and the report presents Kessler-10 and work measures at 12 and 18 months.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Sacramento County Districts 1 and 2, California" ], "population": "Residents 18+ of Sacramento County Districts 1 or 2 with household income below size-based limits", "years": "2024-01 to 2024-12", "arms": [ { "label": "GI participants", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 505, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 130 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": null } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T45-1", "treated": "GI participants", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2024-01", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "Endline (12 months, January 2025, when payments stopped)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours" ] }, { "label": "18-month follow-up (June 2025, 6 months after the last payment)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "hours" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 10 questions (K10)" ], "employment_measures": [ "working more than one job", "voluntarily reduced or increased hours worked", "took time off to look for a more fulfilling or better job; started a business" ], "evaluator": "California State University, Sacramento (School of Social Work)", "result_reports": [ "pilot:uwcr_1" ], "notes": "Recipients were drawn at random from about 8,400 applicants (8,821 completed the baseline survey), replacing non-responders. The control group was selected at endline: 150 randomly sampled non-selected applicants were invited and 92 responded (71 at 18 months); the size of the non-selected pool is not stated. Recipient response: 81 of 126 at endline, 64 at 18 months. Recipients got benefits counseling and optional financial education webinars." } ]