[
 {
  "nct": "NCT04108234",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "healthy-volunteer PK study"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT00088699",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "MDD infusion trial"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01880593",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "all arms get ketamine; lithium vs placebo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02336308",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "IV ketamine vs saline before and during burn dressing changes under opioid/benzodiazepine procedural sedation; depression incidence secondary; withdrawn"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02106325",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "diphenhydramine comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02717052",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "PET imaging study"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07369089",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "both arms get ketamine-assisted therapy"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06752759",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04205890",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01504659",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "pediatric bipolar"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06073015",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "unclear",
  "note": "esketamine 5 min before the procedure began; anesthesia type and timing relative to induction not stated"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02783430",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "palliative depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02317341",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "comparator arm gets midazolam"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05698394",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "unclear",
  "note": "esketamine infused over 40 min after giving birth; delivery mode and anesthesia not stated (mother likely awake); 3-year follow-up registration of the RCT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02727998",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05378100",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04116528",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "all get ketamine; buprenorphine vs placebo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01640080",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "TRD infusion trial"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02636218",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ICU infusion after SAH, not around a procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02919579",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "driving study in MDD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01269307",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketofol vs propofol for ED procedural sedation; outcomes airway events and satisfaction only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05450432",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07644767",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "oral ketamine in bipolar depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06891300",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06668571",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "TRD infusion in MRI"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06788444",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "esketamine after propofol loss of consciousness for colonoscopy, i.e. under sedation without airway management; HADS secondary"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06364072",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01557712",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "MDD with venlafaxine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03017248",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ED acute pain, no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07009158",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine-assisted psychotherapy vs psychotherapy alone"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04234776",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "comparator gets escitalopram and aripiprazole"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04964219",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "S-ketamine bolus and infusion under GA, then S-ketamine PCA pump after surgery; anxiety and depression severity at day 30"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06125054",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "cocaine use disorder"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05719909",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "all participants on clinical esketamine; cognitive vs sham training"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05086250",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "anxiety in pancreatic cancer"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05487885",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04013958",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "IM vs IV ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03146806",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05168735",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "both arms get ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03272698",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine-ECT vs high-intensity ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02761330",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "etomidate-ECT comparator; ECT anesthesia trial"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07120477",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ED suicide prevention"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06414356",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "magnesium comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT00611572",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "all get ketamine; iomazenil vs placebo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01944293",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02655692",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "PTSD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04889664",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05137938",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05242692",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "dexmedetomidine comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06410599",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "chronic depression inpatients"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02772211",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "all get ketamine; D-cycloserine vs placebo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07422519",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "all get esketamine; VR mindfulness vs none"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06608277",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "placebo ketamine is a midazolam infusion (active placebo); SGB for TBI headache/PTSD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07193901",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "MDD with suicidality"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07235605",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "sedation with dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, ketamine, propofol vs local anesthesia; pain only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04892251",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "opioid use disorder"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03513822",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "chronic neuropathic pain after SCI"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07490457",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "cardiac surgery; pain, delirium, QoR-15 only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03666494",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "ketamine 0.5 mg/kg as part of propofol/fentanyl induction of GA, single dose"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06772753",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "healthy volunteers, psychedelic effects"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06559826",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "KAP vs ketamine alone; both get ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06340958",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "oral esketamine adjunct in MDD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05696691",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine plus crisis response plan vs treatment as usual without it; ED suicidality"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07462559",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "drug interaction study; all arms get ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04977674",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "all get ketamine; naltrexone vs placebo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07563296",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT00858624",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "both arms (patients, volunteers) get ketamine; no placebo arm listed"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06278779",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine vs racemic ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05506462",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04860661",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "esketamine 15 min after cord clamping at cesarean plus esketamine in postoperative PCIA pump; EPDS primary"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03500289",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06161805",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "endometriosis pain infusion, no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06498869",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "colonoscopy sedation; sleep quality only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05870501",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02924090",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs etomidate for ECT anesthesia"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01957410",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "MDD evoked potentials"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02493868",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "TRD relapse prevention"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05481970",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "opioid-free (dexmedetomidine, lidocaine, ketamine) vs opioid anesthesia"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04081545",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "opioid-free (dexmedetomidine, lidocaine, ketamine) vs opioid anesthesia"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01209845",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01126957",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ED procedural sedation; respiratory depression and satisfaction only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06010056",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine-morphine PCA vs morphine PCA after colorectal surgery; pain and PCA use only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01740492",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ED acute pain, no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06896994",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "postherpetic neuralgia infusion, no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04032301",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "PTSD and MDD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06480500",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05320107",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "MDD fMRI crossover"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02734602",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07374211",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "esketamine 0.3 mg/kg started during induction of GA, given over 40 min; breast cancer surgery"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07810023",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02424591",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "infusion from after intubation to start of skin closure; BDI on POD3"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01833897",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06419439",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "all arms get ketamine infusions"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06062550",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "three esketamine PCA doses, no placebo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05438758",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "all get esketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07284667",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_ketamine_arm",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ACP-211, not identified as ketamine in the record; MDD trial"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06366334",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ED adolescent suicidal ideation"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04091971",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03896230",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "three ketamine doses, no placebo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07254936",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "dexmedetomidine comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06789185",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "pediatric laparoscopy; emergence delirium, pain, recovery only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06139016",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07179913",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "dexmedetomidine comparator (labelled placebo)"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03434041",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "TRD esketamine plus antidepressant"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04714541",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "case series"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT00947791",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06859892",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "study arm gets dexmedetomidine plus esketamine; saline arm gets neither, so no control matching an esketamine-only contrast"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05268497",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04303325",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "unclear",
  "note": "esketamine 0.2 mg/kg as adjunct to GA for breast cancer surgery in depressed patients; timing relative to induction not stated"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04242914",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "both arms get midazolam, ketamine added in one; NSSI in cPTSD, no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04037085",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02992496",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "oral midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03462836",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine plus lidocaine vs PCA only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04082858",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator; interleaved with ECT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01349231",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03041506",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam-ketamine sedation vs interscalene block"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07063108",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "esketamine after induction until 30 min before end of surgery; MADRS at 24-72 h"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05306899",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "headache infusion under midazolam sedation in both arms, no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06087510",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "three esketamine PCA doses, no placebo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03410446",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04712071",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07760740",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "continuous esketamine infusion during hepatobiliary surgery (under GA); postoperative depression POD1-3"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06113497",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "wound cocktail of morphine, ropivacaine, tramadol, ketorolac, epinephrine, ketamine vs saline"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04924257",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ECT vs esketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02644629",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "IV vs intranasal ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07753772",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "study arm gets dexmedetomidine plus esketamine (infusion and PCA); saline arm gets neither, so no control matching an esketamine-only contrast"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06085937",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02267980",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline in ECT anesthesia; seizure duration and hemodynamics only (ECT trial)"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05233566",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "ketamine bolus and infusion after surgery and extubation; depressive symptoms day 4"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07683988",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized crossover"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05441150",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "living liver donors; opioid use, sedation, complications only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01691092",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01304147",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "TRD intranasal crossover"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01551329",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "registry lists one arm, allocation NA, though title says RCT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05437575",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "fentanyl comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01669642",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT00768430",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02522377",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator; interleaved with ECT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05004896",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05811221",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single vs intermittent esketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03521167",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "multimodal arms add lidocaine, gabapentin, acetaminophen (and dexmedetomidine) vs opioid regimen"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04021433",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05809609",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "TRD cognitive study"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06199011",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine-based opioid-free anesthesia vs sufentanil/remifentanil anesthesia"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07665099",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "esketamine bolus after induction plus infusion stopped 30 min before end of surgery; HADS POD1, 3"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05046184",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01573741",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01680172",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "oral ketamine for cancer patients' depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05718544",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "PCA adds esketamine plus dexmedetomidine vs sufentanil PCA; 2-year follow-up"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04129086",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "trauma admission infusion (also after later surgeries); only EQ-5D anxiety/depression item"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03502551",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07360327",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "dexmedetomidine-ketamine vs fentanyl anesthesia"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07452705",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine added to morphine PCA after scoliosis surgery; pain and opioid outcomes only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07273851",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketofol vs propofol for ECT induction; hemodynamics only (ECT trial)"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07476482",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_ketamine_arm",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "randomized to shared decision-making; ketamine only an optional choice within an arm"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT00997321",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "propofol vs ketamine sedation"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05339074",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "open-label extension, single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05294835",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03829124",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine-propofol vs propofol for ECT in schizophrenia; BPRS, no depression measure (ECT trial)"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02911597",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "all get ketamine; naltrexone vs placebo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04352621",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07315074",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "unclear",
  "note": "esketamine 0.2 mg/kg/h infusion vs saline around surgery in postmenopausal women; timing and anesthesia not stated; anxiety and depression POD1-3"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05193318",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02037035",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03249025",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01809340",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "all get ketamine; minocycline vs placebo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01935115",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs propofol for ECT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06451627",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "esketamine infusion during spinal surgery under TIVA; HADS POD1, 3"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03336541",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "unclear",
  "note": "ketamine infused over 40 min after childbirth during cesarean; anesthesia type not stated (likely neuraxial)"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07639359",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ICU patients with depressive symptoms, not tied to a procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06853041",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine vs ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06404983",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "dexmedetomidine-ketamine-lidocaine vs opioid anesthesia"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02501941",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs other ICU sedation"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03756129",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "TRD (MIJ821, placebo, ketamine)"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06597695",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06698848",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01260649",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "ect",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline before ECT anesthesia; HAM-D at one month"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05515822",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine added to oxycodone regimen in bariatric surgery; pain and opioid outcomes only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04144153",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "opioid-free TIVA (dexmedetomidine, ketamine) vs opioid TIVA"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04829318",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "open-label extension"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03223220",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "acute ischemic stroke infusion; no procedure named"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05468840",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ED adolescent suicidal ideation"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05011214",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine vs sevoflurane anesthesia"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02887404",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "pathway adds acetaminophen, gabapentin, lidocaine with ketamine vs placebos of all"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01920555",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam active placebo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06042816",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "lidocaine-ketamine-epidural opioid-free vs fentanyl anesthesia"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03053830",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07307768",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "three ketamine doses, no placebo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04123652",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06630065",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized patients vs volunteers"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05951465",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "two esketamine doses with propofol"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04955470",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "pediatric suicidality (ketamine, midazolam, saline)"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04876066",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05212571",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "outpatient vs inpatient esketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02649231",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "alcohol use disorder"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02579928",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06021756",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05474183",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs dexmedetomidine vs fentanyl-only sedation after cardiac surgery; fentanyl use and ventilation only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05690503",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "CI-581a (ketamine) vs CI-581b at 0.025 mg/kg for depressive symptoms in long COVID; no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05737693",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06133309",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group interview study"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07523321",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "study arm gets dexmedetomidine plus esketamine; saline arm gets neither"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06412861",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine-propofol vs fentanyl-propofol"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02782104",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "open-label extension"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05997134",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "three ketamine regimens"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04711005",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_ketamine_arm",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "(2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine, a metabolite, not ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07560722",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "esketamine 0.3 mg/kg after fetal delivery during cesarean; intraoperative hallucinations and nausea recorded, so mother awake; postoperative depression at 72 h"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04425473",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "unclear",
  "note": "esketamine 0.2 mg/kg infused over 40 min starting at incision suturing; likely runs past end of surgery, whether past emergence not stated"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05960942",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "propofol-esketamine vs propofol-sufentanil"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04656886",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "remitted depression imaging crossover"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06402955",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06538285",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06773143",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "intraoperative esketamine for breast surgery; anxiety and depression scored only the day before surgery"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05229913",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "esketamine added to postoperative PCIA pump after cesarean vs same pump without it; EPDS day 42"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05915013",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "all get ketamine; perampanel vs placebo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04976842",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "opioid-free (dexmedetomidine, lidocaine, ketamine) vs opioid anesthesia"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05934669",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "intranasal midazolam vs dexmedetomidine vs ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT00344682",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_ketamine_arm",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "memantine vs placebo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05327699",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "MDD imaging"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03395314",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07064408",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine at induction for thoracic surgery; hemodynamics, delirium, recovery only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06036511",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07523334",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "three esketamine doses (infusion and PCA) vs saline; dissociation, delirium, neurocognition only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06464393",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine-lidocaine-dexmedetomidine vs fentanyl"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06077487",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "oral vs IM ketamine, both with therapy"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05402189",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine-dexmedetomidine vs opioid anesthesia"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06021717",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine-morphine PCA vs morphine PCA after colorectal surgery; pain and PCA use only (same design as NCT06010056)"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03417193",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "both arms get ketamine; opioid-free vs opioid anesthesia"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07230171",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "fibromyalgia infusion, no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02819375",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "propofol vs propofol-remifentanil vs propofol-ketamine for ECT; seizure and hemodynamics only (ECT trial)"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02935595",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07367542",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "esketamine 0.3 mg/kg started during induction of GA, given over 40 min; breast cancer surgery; anxiety and depression POD3-30"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04141696",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04944017",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "depression in Parkinson's disease"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06795659",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04843982",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine added to ICU propofol sedation in sepsis, not around a procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07138781",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine added to bupivacaine plane block for thoracotomy; pain and opioid outcomes only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01768767",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "bipolar depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06903819",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine at induction vs standard GA in orthopedic trauma surgery; description mentions depression but registered outcomes are pain and opioid use only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06713616",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "racemic ketamine vs esketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06914180",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine infusion added to pulsed radiofrequency plus pregabalin for trigeminal neuralgia; a treatment infusion, not described as given around the procedure or under anesthesia"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06508710",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "severe depression inpatients with venlafaxine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05826327",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "epidural esketamine vs epidural sufentanil (each with ropivacaine) for labor"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06726382",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "drug interaction study; all arms get esketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04084548",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "factorial lidocaine/ketamine vs placebo in abdominal surgery; pain, opioid, QoR-15 only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02303847",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "chronic pain, oral ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02918318",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "TRD intranasal esketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07768618",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04216888",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05105061",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "suicidal ideation crossover"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07296770",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_ketamine_arm",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "transitional pain service vs usual care; no ketamine arm"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01260662",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "propofol vs propofol-ketamine mixtures for ED sedation; respiratory events and recall only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06835504",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "morphine comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03391427",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine, lidocaine, both, or saline for liver resection; opioid use, chronic pain, satisfaction only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06228391",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04525274",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "intraperitoneal ketamine added to bupivacaine vs bupivacaine-saline; pain and PONV only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03633058",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "Rett syndrome oral ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07247006",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05060068",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "unclear",
  "note": "S-ketamine bolus then infusion until 30 min before end of breast cancer surgery under GA; bolus timing relative to induction not stated; EPDS day 7 and 3 months"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02295787",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "late-life depression intranasal"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07053345",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03831854",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "all get intraoperative ketamine; lamotrigine vs placebo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03051945",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "MDD infusion"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07145775",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "epidural dexmedetomidine-esketamine vs sufentanil (each with ropivacaine) for labor"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06969937",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "alcohol use disorder with neurofeedback"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04701866",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "all get ketamine; music vs usual care"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01998958",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "TRD intranasal esketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04173962",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04916548",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06090422",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT00516503",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "topical baclofen-amitriptyline-ketamine gel vs placebo gel"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04939649",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07153406",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "aripiprazole comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07247968",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "ect",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine vs saline before propofol for modified ECT in adolescents; depressive symptom response and remission"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03973268",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "all get open-label ketamine; perampanel vs placebo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01945047",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05421962",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine-propofol vs propofol (and fentanyl-propofol) colonoscopy sedation; pain only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01158820",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "dexmedetomidine plus ketamine added to bronchoscopy sedation vs placebo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02422303",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "ketamine 0.5 mg/kg at induction of GA vs none; depressive symptoms selected; Goldberg depression score at one week"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06735079",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_ketamine_arm",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esmethadone vs placebo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02577250",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06665568",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized open label"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06526078",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "all on clinical (es)ketamine; cognitive vs sham training"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06388824",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "unclear",
  "note": "esketamine 0.2 mg/kg after the start of surgical abortion vs saline; anesthesia not stated (often propofol sedation); postoperative depression days 1-7"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06367218",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine opioid-free vs sufentanil/remifentanil anesthesia (factorial with airway strategy)"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03027362",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "all had clinical ketamine; CBT vs psychoeducation"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03644719",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized behavioral program for ketamine users"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02442739",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "oral ketamine during cancer treatment, no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02892916",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "ketamine 0.5 mg/kg bolus after induction vs saline; elderly orthopedic surgery; depression days 7 and 90"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07374198",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "esketamine 0.3 mg/kg started during induction of GA, given over 40 min; breast cancer surgery in depressed patients"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02497287",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "open-label long-term single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05615948",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04834427",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "flexible perioperative S-ketamine vs conventional care in children; pain and opioid outcomes only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04847245",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "pregabalin comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04504175",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02289248",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03088306",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "multimodal bundle (acetaminophen, gabapentin, diazepam, ketamine) vs standard opioid analgesia"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05177146",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02461927",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam active placebo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07396220",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "all get esketamine; BCBT vs none"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06103760",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02487485",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "all get ketamine; sirolimus vs placebo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03852160",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "TRD esketamine plus antidepressant"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06284668",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "esketamine 0.2 mg/kg before anesthesia for oocyte retrieval vs saline (and remimazolam); postoperative depression days 1-2"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05625555",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "midazolam comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02012335",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "ect",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline infusion at each ECT session; HAM-D"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04691076",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "propofol-esketamine vs propofol-fentanyl endoscopy sedation"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06920576",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "esketamine 10 min before induction then infusion to end of nasal endoscopic surgery vs saline (and magnesium); HADS and SDS POD1, 3"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04587778",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "MDD PET/MR crossover"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03507634",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "both arms get ketamine; opioid-free vs opioid anesthesia"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01881763",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs methohexital for ECT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04338321",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "quetiapine comparator"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03965858",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "TRD inhaled esketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06914193",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine infusion added to DRG pulsed radiofrequency for postherpetic neuralgia; not described as given around the procedure or under anesthesia"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06034821",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs ECT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06658132",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05229653",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "ketamine 0.6 mg/kg in PACU once awake after endometriosis surgery vs saline; MADRS POD1-83"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01546051",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_ketamine_arm",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "BCI-838 study in healthy volunteers; no ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07139106",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm open-label ketamine in MDD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06958393",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "opioid-free anesthesia (esketamine with dexmedetomidine and esmolol) vs opioid-based anesthesia; no depression outcome either"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03431285",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs morphine for sickle cell crisis in the ED"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03053947",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm dose escalation"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07839338",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "oral ketamine vs oral midazolam (active placebo) for major depressive episodes"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01544725",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine-propofol vs ketamine alone for procedural sedation; both arms get ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05037123",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "arm 1 infusion from after induction until 2 h after surgery; arm 2 single dose in PACU; saline placebo arm; PROMIS Depression secondary at 7 d to 12 mo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03756961",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "opioid-free pathway (esketamine, dexmedetomidine, lidocaine, TENS, person-centred care) vs routine opioid care; no depression outcome"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02543983",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group ketamine infusion study"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03674671",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs electroconvulsive therapy in depression; no inert arm"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02544607",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group open-label ketamine with MRI"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04669665",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "intranasal ketamine vs placebo in MDD at risk of suicide; psychiatric, no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06399185",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "2x2 factorial; esketamine-alone arm vs saline; 0.25 mg/kg infused over about 15 min after anesthesia induction, before surgery (induction implies general anesthesia); depression at discharge or day 2 secondary"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03086148",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "ketamine 0.5 mg/kg over 40 min starting at dural opening during intracranial tumor resection vs saline; depressive symptom response on postoperative day 3 primary"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04429685",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "healthy volunteers, cardiovascular physiology; no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07590687",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ICU sedation adjunct during mechanical ventilation, not a procedure; no depression outcome either"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03573349",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group open-label ketamine in TRD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01135758",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group ketamine in depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07610343",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination vs saline, so no control differing only by esketamine; also not perioperative (cognitive impairment)"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03676114",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "breast cancer surgery; 0.5 mg/kg bolus before incision (read as after induction) then 0.25 mg/kg/h during the operation vs saline; HADS at postoperative day 2 and 3 months"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02659085",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine infusions vs ECT in MDD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06138691",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized single group ketamine plus RO DBT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02974010",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine or saline infusion then NRX-101 or lurasidone in bipolar depression; psychiatric, no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06364540",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "nebulized ketamine vs nebulized fentanyl for ED pain"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05752110",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "fractional curettage; ketamine 0.5 mg/kg single dose at induction with propofol-fentanyl anesthesia vs saline; mood measured by POMS total mood score at 120 min (POMS includes the depression-dejection subscale)"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05565664",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs magnesium sulfate in pediatric adenotonsillectomy"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT00680433",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "ect",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "adjunctive ketamine vs saline in ECT anesthesia"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05950646",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination vs saline in hip/knee replacement, no esketamine-only arm; sleep outcomes only, no depression outcome"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02145169",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm nitrous oxide during ketamine sedation"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01548703",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_ketamine_arm",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "BCI-838 in healthy volunteers; no ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04101474",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs no ketamine in treatment-resistant depression; psychiatric, no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04103892",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "oral esketamine vs placebo adjunct in MDD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04843462",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "online self-help add-on; both arms receive esketamine nasal spray"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04154150",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine plus cognitive vs sham training; both arms get ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06617039",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "painless gastroscopy under ciprofol sedation in older patients; esketamine 0.3 or 0.5 mg/kg given before ciprofol vs ciprofol alone (control without study drug; remifentanil arm is other); HADS on days 1, 3, 7"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02997722",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline in inpatients with suicidal ideation; psychiatric"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT00595530",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm ketamine for sickle cell pain"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01870219",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "sevoflurane vs ketamine anesthesia for ECT, crossover"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02398136",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "intranasal ketamine vs midazolam in PTSD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07680140",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "rTMS vs ketamine in treatment-resistant depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04471818",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs placebo for MDD in advanced cancer palliative care; no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06613243",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "cesarean; every arm gets esketamine 0.2 mg/kg, arms differ in dexmedetomidine dose"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03305055",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline added to fentanyl for bedside burn wound care in conscious patients, not under anesthesia or sedation; PHQ at 37 days"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01667926",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline infusions in treatment-resistant MDD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03194594",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "laparoscopic gynecologic surgery; arms ketamine+saline, dexamethasone+saline, ketamine+dexamethasone; ketamine+dexamethasone vs dexamethasone+saline differs only by ketamine (no saline-only arm); single dose 5 min after induction; PHQ-9 day 1 primary"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03473431",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline for depression in older adults with visual impairment; no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06817239",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "major non-cardiac surgery in older patients; esketamine after induction until 40 min before end of surgery plus esketamine in postoperative PCIA vs saline and sufentanil-only PCIA; HADS at 30 days (sub-study)"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT00205712",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine plus saline vs ketamine plus dexmedetomidine; both arms get ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01367119",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs methohexital anesthesia for ECT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02593643",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs midazolam in depressed inpatients with suicidal ideation"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03185819",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "pediatric intranasal esketamine vs oral midazolam (psychoactive placebo) in MDD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03290963",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "lithium vs placebo; every arm gets ketamine infusions"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05506787",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "Crohn disease enterectomy in patients with mild-moderate depression; esketamine 0.25 mg/kg at induction of general anesthesia then 0.12 mg/kg/h for over 30 min intraoperatively vs saline; HAMD-17 day 7 primary"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02752724",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs methohexital anesthesia for ECT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07034950",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine dose-finding then esketamine ED95 vs fentanyl for hepatic tumor ablation; no depression outcome"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03097133",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "intranasal esketamine vs placebo in MDD at imminent suicide risk"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01997515",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline in laparoscopic gastric reduction; QoR-40, pain, opioids, stay only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06966518",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine plus magnesium combination vs saline in rhinoplasty; no ketamine-only arm; no depression outcome"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02669043",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group open-label ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06419985",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm oral ketamine for CRPS"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07787858",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "opioid-free (dexmedetomidine plus ketamine) vs fentanyl-based anesthesia in discectomy; no depression outcome"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04613453",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs midazolam infusions in suicidal adolescents"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07034963",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine dose-finding then esketamine ED95 vs remifentanil in hysteroscopy; no depression outcome"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04657107",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "elective cesarean under combined spinal-epidural; S-ketamine 0.2 or 0.3 mg/kg IV before surgery vs saline; PHQ-9 and EPDS days 3, 8, 43"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04640636",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "IM ketamine vs IM midazolam in suicidal ED patients"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02401139",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs placebo in treatment-resistant depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01969227",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single cohort in ventilated ICU patients"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06778460",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine plus lidocaine combination vs saline in hepatectomy, no esketamine-only arm; no depression outcome"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04769297",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm sublingual ketamine microdosing"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01371110",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs midazolam crossover in OCD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02661061",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs midazolam infusions for relapse prevention in depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06624878",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "ovarian cancer cytoreductive surgery; esketamine 0.2 mg/kg infused after induction of general anesthesia vs saline; depressive symptoms on postoperative day 3 primary"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05661669",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline in the ED for alcohol use disorder; no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07369102",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine with vs without integration therapy; both arms get esketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02183272",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "intranasal ketamine vs saline for suicidal ideation in hospitalized patients"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02048423",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm open ketamine in suicidal adolescents"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03861988",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "unclear",
  "note": "depressed patients having non-cardiac (orthopedic) surgery; ketamine 0.5 mg/kg over 40 min during surgery vs saline (plus an open-label ketamine arm); anesthesia type and timing within surgery not stated; MADRS days 1-3 primary"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01316744",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs placebo for neuropathic cancer pain; no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03965871",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "inhaled esketamine vs placebo in bipolar depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03436121",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ED acute pain; ketamine plus midazolam vs placebo plus midazolam; no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02219867",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group ketamine infusions for MDD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04260607",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline in acutely suicidal ED patients"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT00548964",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized; all get open-label ketamine, lithium vs placebo"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05180318",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine 24-36 h before and right after surgery vs saline; immune and inflammatory outcomes only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01613820",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine, scopolamine, or both for treatment-resistant MDD; psychiatric, no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04266288",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline for depression in the ED"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05414422",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "PCN-101 (R-ketamine) vs placebo infusion in treatment-resistant depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06607029",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "opioid-free anesthesia (esketamine, dexmedetomidine, local anesthesia) vs opioid-based in supratentorial tumor resection; no depression outcome"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06531837",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized EEG study in spinal cord injury pain"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01582945",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group open-label ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05155969",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "cardiac surgery; esketamine 0.3 mg/kg infused over 40 min before anesthesia induction vs saline; depression response on postoperative day 5 primary"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02418702",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs placebo for suicidal thinking; no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05403086",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "psilocybin vs oral ketamine (active control) in palliative care"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02299440",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline infusions for acute suicidal ideation"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04220125",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "preoperative ketamine vs midazolam (active control) for perioperative depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04177706",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline in opioid use disorder with MDD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03156504",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm open-label ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03511833",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "intranasal ketamine vs IV morphine for acute traumatic pain"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05468047",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized, self-selected ketamine experience for clinicians in training"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04011592",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "two ketamine doses crossover in postpartum depression; no inert arm"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06943859",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "IM ketamine 0.75 vs 0.1 mg/kg in opioid use disorder; no inert arm"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07557576",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "opioid-free (ketamine plus dexmedetomidine) vs fentanyl-based anesthesia in pediatric cleft surgery; no depression outcome"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03609190",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "S-ketamine vs saline crossover neuroimaging in MDD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04576975",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs dexmedetomidine vs saline in bariatric surgery; analgesia and side effects only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04751175",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine/dexamethasone factorial with saline arm in lumbar arthrodesis; opioid use, PONV, pain only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02033707",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_ketamine_arm",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "healthy volunteers given various psychoactive drugs; ketamine only one of many listed, arms are by sex; no procedure either"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02882711",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group naturalistic ketamine infusions"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01501786",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine with reduced propofol vs propofol plus saline for pediatric cardiac catheterization sedation; 'depression' is respiratory and cardiac, no mood outcome"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07247370",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm ketamine-enhanced therapy"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01700829",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs midazolam in suicidal depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04771767",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized ketamine plus online CBT vs treatment as usual in PTSD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06781697",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine with VR vs ketamine alone; both arms get ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02078817",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group open-label ketamine in adolescents"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05945147",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine plus midazolam vs midazolam plus saline outpatient infusions for CRPS; no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04227704",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "cesarean; ketamine 0.5 mg/kg SC or 40-min IV infusion shortly after delivery vs saline; intraoperative pain NRS recorded, so mothers awake (neuraxial); EPDS day 42 primary, days 1, 2, 21, 42"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07131033",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine/magnesium factorial with saline arm in laparoscopic cholecystectomy; fatigue, QoR-15, pain only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03113968",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ECT vs ketamine infusions in treatment-resistant depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06213324",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline 7T MRI study in MDD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05321160",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine vs sevoflurane added to dexmedetomidine sedation for pediatric eye procedures"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02532153",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group open-label ketamine with MRI"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02122562",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group ketamine in depression with alcoholism family history"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT00419003",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "lamotrigine vs placebo pretreatment and riluzole continuation; every arm gets ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06432322",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "intranasal esketamine vs placebo crossover imaging study; no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05910775",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "allocation not randomized; expectancy presentation added to esketamine treatment as usual"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05518877",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine over 15 vs 30 min for ED pain; both arms get ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01507181",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs midazolam for suicidal ideation"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02422186",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "intranasal esketamine vs placebo with oral antidepressant in elderly TRD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06480201",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized saline and ketamine infusions by diagnostic group"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03312894",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_ketamine_arm",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "TAK-653 vs placebo in prior ketamine responders and nonresponders; no ketamine given"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06001372",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm ketamine-assisted psychotherapy"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06069843",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm open-label ketamine in MCI"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04666623",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "intranasal esketamine vs placebo for chronic cancer pain"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04414943",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "women with prenatal depression; S-ketamine 0.2 mg/kg over 40 min after giving birth vs saline, then back to the ward (awake); depression incidence day 42 primary, scores day 7 and 42"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03666390",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs midazolam in severe depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05464979",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine vs midazolam-fentanyl for ICU intubation"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02196259",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized ketamine fMRI study"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03124680",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized opioid-free vs opioid anesthesia in obese patients"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04476446",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm expanded access esketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02397889",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs midazolam in PTSD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06373627",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "hypnosis plus ketamine vs ketamine plus midazolam for chest drain removal; both arms get ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01724983",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs fentanyl at induction in bariatric surgery"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05383313",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "psilocybin vs oral ketamine vs midazolam in TRD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07212946",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ayahuasca vs oral esketamine in MDD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06994559",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "music conditions crossover during ketamine therapy; all get ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02165449",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group ketamine biomarker study"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06788249",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group ketamine imaging pilot"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05803551",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline for depression in ICU patients after a week's stay; no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04850937",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "breast cancer surgery; esketamine 0.25 mg/kg slowly IV after anesthesia induction vs saline; depression score at 3 months primary"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02610712",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group ketamine in TRD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02836288",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "oral ketamine vs placebo for depression in cancer patients"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05026203",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs midazolam in difficult-to-treat depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03052673",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine plus fentanyl vs fentanyl alone in bariatric surgery; analgesia and recovery outcomes only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03658330",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm ketamine plus naltrexone"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06317636",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline given under propofol sedation to patients with chronic pain and depression; the sedation masks the infusion, there is no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05473949",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketofol vs propofol sedation for ERCP; respiratory, hemodynamic, satisfaction, psychotomimetic outcomes only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04095455",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "pectoral block vs ketamine plus magnesium vs saline in breast surgery; no ketamine-only arm; no depression outcome"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02430818",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs morphine for fracture pain"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01627782",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs placebo dose-frequency study in TRD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06821087",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm IM ketamine in long COVID"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01558063",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine doses vs saline during MRI in MDD; no anesthetic procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07716098",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine nasal spray vs placebo in TRD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01179009",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "100-hour vs 40-minute ketamine infusion; both arms get ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05016128",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "video-assisted thoracic surgery; S-ketamine 0.25 mg/kg bolus and 0.125 mg/kg/h infusion during surgery vs saline; depression scale up to day 2 secondary"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04022226",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs methohexital induction for ECT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01441505",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline or midazolam crossover in major depressive episode"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07002801",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "remimazolam plus esketamine vs remimazolam plus remifentanil for endoscopy; no depression outcome"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03149991",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "brexpiprazole vs placebo; all get intranasal ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05907213",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized dose escalation after cesarean"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05655754",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine plus propofol vs methohexital anesthesia for ECT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02452060",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single postoperative ketamine 0.4 mg/kg vs saline after gastric bypass or gastrectomy; postoperative depression listed as a condition, but registered outcomes are pain and stay only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05604794",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group retrospective review of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07198711",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_ketamine_arm",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "two propofol sedation protocols in healthy volunteers; official title mentions ketamine vs saline but no arm or intervention gives ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05045378",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs midazolam infusions in adolescent TRD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07088380",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "ect",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline after propofol induction during ECT sessions"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT00749203",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs midazolam crossover in PTSD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01825083",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline during propofol-fentanyl deep sedation; hypoventilation outcome only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04646694",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "postoperative oral ketamine vs placebo for 3 days; only an unnamed 'Mood' outcome at day 3, no depression scale named (dosing would be conscious if counted)"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07868913",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "IM ketamine vs placebo with crisis planning for suicidal ED patients"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04658420",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine, music, both, or treatment as usual for suicidal ideation"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05957302",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs fentanyl bolus in septic shock ICU sedation"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05172739",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "multidrug opioid-free strategy (with ketamine) vs opioid-based in VATS lobectomy; no depression outcome"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06383273",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "sublingual midazolam-ketamine vs midazolam vs placebo for cataract surgery sedation; sedation and safety outcomes only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04613869",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "tumor surgery; esketamine 2.5 or 5 mg IV after the operation plus esketamine in hydromorphone PCIA vs hydromorphone-only PCIA; depression at 24 and 72 h secondary"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06968624",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine vs saline with duloxetine for postherpetic neuralgia with depression; no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03256162",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs midazolam adjunct for major depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02987985",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "opioid-free (ketamine, lidocaine, dexmedetomidine) vs opioid-sparing anesthesia in pediatric tonsillectomy; 'depression' is respiratory"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01169025",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs fentanyl for aeromedical trauma pain"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04938713",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs esketamine crossover in fibromyalgia"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02587130",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group SC ketamine for painful wound care in palliative care"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04081909",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "opioid-free (ketamine plus dexmedetomidine) vs opioid-based anesthesia in cleft surgery; 'depression' is respiratory"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04760652",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "CBT vs treatment as usual after esketamine; both arms had esketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03065335",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline neuroimaging in MDD and healthy volunteers"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06774274",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine infusion vs ketamine-morphine PCA after orthopedic surgery; both arms get ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07569198",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs midazolam with DBT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06231563",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs remimazolam (active placebo) for depression in Parkinson disease"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04873479",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "S-ketamine vs saline as part of anesthesia for abdominal surgery in sepsis (opioid doses differ by arm); pulmonary and inflammatory outcomes only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03380442",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "psilocybin vs intranasal ketamine vs no treatment in severe depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06428838",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_ketamine_arm",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "eptinezumab add-on for migraine in the ED; ketamine only possible within standard care"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06767566",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized ketamine PK study after cesarean and in healthy controls"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02579642",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "ect",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "low-dose ketamine vs saline added to propofol for ECT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03237286",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine or saline with cognitive or sham training in depression; no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07597486",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine vs saline 30 min before end of surgery in older patients with pruritus; pruritus, pain, sleep, cognition only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04837170",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "pragmatic open-label; S-ketamine added to conventional care vs conventional care without it (no placebo); regimen at clinician discretion, including bolus before incision, intraoperative infusion, or 24-48 h postoperative infusion; HADS at 48 h"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01309581",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs methohexital anesthesia for ECT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06968546",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "intranasal sufentanil vs intranasal ketamine for pediatric trauma pain"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03396601",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline for suicidal ideation in bipolar depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02133001",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "intranasal esketamine vs placebo in MDD at imminent suicide risk"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04592809",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs midazolam in suicidal adolescents"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05458453",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine added to sufentanil PCIA vs sufentanil PCIA after thoracoscopic surgery; respiratory, pain, pulmonary outcomes only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02417064",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "intranasal esketamine vs placebo with oral antidepressant in TRD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07408193",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "lidocaine plus ketamine vs midazolam active placebo for cancer pain"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04777110",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "ect",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine vs saline before propofol in modified ECT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04220489",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "opioid-tolerant lumbar spine surgery; ketamine 1 mg/kg 15 min after induction then infusion until 48 h after surgery vs saline; emotional distress-depression at day 10-14 and 6 weeks secondary"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04578938",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs no infusion with cognitive or sham training after suicide attempt in medical inpatients; no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07563868",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm coaching added to ketamine maintenance"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06620276",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm ketamine-assisted ACT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06957704",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "SC ketamine vs midazolam in adolescents with suicidal depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03927378",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "parturients with prenatal depression; S-ketamine 0.2 mg/kg over 40 min after childbirth vs saline, then back to the ward (awake); depression day 42 primary, scores day 7 and 42"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03721900",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized sequential transdermal ketamine PK study"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03039192",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "intranasal esketamine vs placebo in MDD at imminent suicide risk"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03367533",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "perampanel vs placebo; both arms get ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04850911",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline reward-learning study in depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03336398",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single group given ketamine and saline for tinnitus"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03889756",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs midazolam in adolescent depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04399070",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "ect",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine or S-ketamine vs saline with propofol before ECT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05344625",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm ketamine-assisted psychotherapy in cancer"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05323019",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine with Almond therapy vs esketamine with usual care; both arms get esketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04987372",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "multimodal (ketamine, dexmedetomidine, lidocaine, magnesium, pregabalin) vs opioid protocol in cardiac surgery; no depression outcome"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05837000",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "caudal bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine vs ketamine vs magnesium; no plain arm; no depression outcome"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05019885",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm ketamine for drug-resistant epilepsy"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02673372",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs morphine for ED pain in older adults"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02418195",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized ketamine groups by suicidality"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04664530",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "intranasal esketamine vs saline for postherpetic neuralgia inpatients; no procedure, no depression outcome"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03102736",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "nitroprusside vs placebo; both arms get ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05732064",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "nightly intranasal dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination vs saline around breast cancer surgery; no esketamine-only arm; sleep outcomes only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04099771",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm ketamine for suicidal ideation"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02766192",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "TIMBER psychotherapy with ketamine vs saline in PTSD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06108830",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine and remimazolam factorial with saline arm during propofol sedation for endoscopy; sleep and anxiety outcomes, no depression measure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02467517",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine, magnesium, placebo crossover for neuropathic pain; no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04388774",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm ketamine in children with ADNP syndrome"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03977675",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "three ketamine doses in MDD; no inert arm"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05591001",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine-dexmedetomidine vs propofol infusion for pediatric tethered cord surgery"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02373449",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group ketamine infusions with fMRI for neuropathic pain"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05635955",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "remimazolam vs propofol, both with esketamine, for abortion sedation"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02378415",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine bolus vs saline in acute depression; no procedure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06066879",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized cohort, ketamine infusion 2 weeks before revision spine surgery vs standard care"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06060210",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "unclear",
  "note": "lumbo-peritoneal shunt insertion; ketamine 50 mg (50 ml of 1 mg/ml) vs saline; timing and anesthesia not stated; postoperative depression response on day 3 primary"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06832683",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "propofol-ketamine vs sevoflurane for pediatric MRI sedation"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05554627",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine vs aripiprazole in TRD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07227454",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "intranasal esketamine vs oral midazolam (psychoactive placebo) in adolescents"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06315959",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_ketamine_arm",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "erector spinae block vs none in cardiac surgery; ketamine only as rescue analgesia in both arms"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03470675",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "after vaginal delivery with anal sphincter injury; epidural morphine plus IV ketamine 0.3 mg/kg vs epidural morphine plus IV saline (and a saline-saline arm); mothers awake with epidural; postpartum depression at 1 and 6 weeks, PROMIS depression at 3 months"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04997967",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketofol vs propofol sedation for urgent ERCP; sedation and hemodynamic outcomes only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01046630",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "AZD6765 vs ketamine vs placebo pharmacoMRI in MDD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT00163969",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine as recovery-room rescue analgesia, double-blind (arms not listed); pain, opioid, sedation, PONV, recovery outcomes only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02305394",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "ect",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline added to propofol for ECT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01868802",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline in treatment-resistant depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05922605",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "caudal S-ketamine plus ropivacaine vs ropivacaine plus saline in pediatric hypospadias; analgesia outcomes only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01535976",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline during deep sedation; hypoventilation outcome only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04285684",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group ketamine breast milk PK study"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06511908",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_ketamine_arm",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "(2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine, a metabolite, vs placebo; no ketamine, esketamine, or arketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02418585",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "intranasal esketamine vs placebo with oral antidepressant in TRD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06310785",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine-based opioid-free anesthesia vs sufentanil-remifentanil anesthesia in thoracoscopic surgery; esketamine replaces opioids"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01887990",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline for suicidal ideation with depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01306760",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs propofol anesthesia for ECT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02083926",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline crossover in social anxiety disorder"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05786066",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "perampanel vs placebo before ketamine; all get ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07396272",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm oral prolonged-release ketamine in MDD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06431386",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine with vs without behavioural activation; both arms get esketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07556172",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine vs remifentanil analgesia in ventilated septic ICU patients"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05603975",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "dressing change for severe burns under sedation (Ramsay scale, recovery after waking); esketamine 0.1 mg/kg IV 1 min before the dressing change vs saline; incidence of early depression on day 3 secondary; dosing under sedation"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05874245",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "oral dexmedetomidine vs ketamine vs midazolam premedication in pediatric adenotonsillectomy"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05603104",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "intensified treatment (second-line antidepressant plus esketamine or ketamine) vs second-line antidepressant after treatment failure; psychiatric"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT01686009",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm intranasal ketamine for ED pain"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03960658",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm ketamine with prolonged exposure in PTSD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06048263",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm case series of SC ketamine plus IPT after cesarean"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05991232",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm open-label ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02037503",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "daily oral ketamine vs placebo for suicidal ideation and resistant depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04599855",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine nasal spray vs placebo monotherapy in TRD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02525978",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "non-randomized observational tasks before and after clinical ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04871425",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs fentanyl with midazolam for surgical abortion"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03788694",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm intranasal ketamine in veterans"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06608030",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "cardiac valve surgery under general anesthesia; esketamine 0.3 mg/kg single dose during induction vs saline; anxiety and depression on postoperative days 7 and 30 primary"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05051449",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm ketamine in OUD with depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07824973",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "psychedelic vs biomedical framing of ketamine; all get ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07801703",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine with vs without behavioural activation; both arms get ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06736769",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm ketamine in anorexia nervosa"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06331182",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "plane block with ketamine vs with dexmedetomidine after thoracotomy; no plain block arm"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07781462",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs dexmedetomidine for ICU delirium in heart failure"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06355180",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "IV esketamine vs ECT for suicidal ideation"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04009759",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "morphine vs S-ketamine vs saline during in-hospital CPR; not a procedure under anesthesia; no depression outcome"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07639099",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "intranasal esketamine-dexmedetomidine combination vs saline after childbirth; no esketamine-only arm"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03539887",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "intranasal ketamine vs saline in depression with alcohol abuse"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05217706",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline for adolescent depression in the ED"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07374458",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine vs placebo before induction, factorial with leg elevation, thoracic surgery in older patients; hemodynamic and recovery outcomes only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04698434",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "three esketamine doses for pediatric circumcision"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07269964",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm home tDCS after ECT, rTMS, or esketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT03742557",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs saline then ketamine in TRD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04814381",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine plus magnesium vs hydroxyzine for chronic cluster headache"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07603596",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "opioid-free (esketamine, dexmedetomidine, esmolol) vs opioid-based anesthesia in older GI surgery patients; no depression outcome"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05522673",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group PET before and after ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06745388",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_depression_outcome",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "magnesium vs ketamine vs no drug during hysteroscopy; pain and opioid outcomes only"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06543563",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "some",
  "note": "subthalamic DBS with microelectrode recording under dexmedetomidine sedation (both arms); esketamine 0.3 mg/kg/h vs saline from craniotomy to electrode implantation; depression at 30 days secondary; dosing under sedation"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06784388",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group DBS for depression with an esketamine test dose"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT04597320",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "esketamine vs fentanyl with midazolam sedation for pediatric dental treatment"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05973851",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_perioperative",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "second-line antidepressant plus (es)ketamine vs second-line antidepressant in MDD; psychiatric"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02360280",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "six ketamine infusions vs one ketamine after five midazolam; both arms get ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06620042",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group open-label ketamine fMRI in bipolar depression"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07526454",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ECT vs IV ketamine in TRD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT00646087",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "six vs two ketamine infusions (with saline); both arms get ketamine"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02094898",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-group ketamine for depression with suicidality"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02556606",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine doses vs midazolam in late-life TRD"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT05950711",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm ketamine with MBCT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT07099534",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "not_randomized",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "single-arm ketamine in borderline personality disorder"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT02414932",
  "eligible": false,
  "exclusion_reason": "no_inert_control",
  "conscious_dosing": null,
  "note": "ketamine vs midazolam for relapse prevention after ECT"
 },
 {
  "nct": "NCT06778811",
  "eligible": true,
  "exclusion_reason": null,
  "conscious_dosing": "none",
  "note": "cardiac surgery; intraoperative esketamine 0.3 mg/kg/h infusion vs saline (and a dexmedetomidine arm); anxiety and depression on days 1 and 3 secondary"
 }
]