{"protocolSection":{"identificationModule":{"nctId":"NCT01560507","orgStudyIdInfo":{"id":"Pro00032605"},"organization":{"fullName":"Duke University","class":"OTHER"},"briefTitle":"Tailored Smoking Cessation Treatment for LIVE FOR LIFE® Participants","officialTitle":"Tailored Smoking Cessation Treatment for LIVE FOR LIFE® Participants","acronym":"LiveForLife2"},"statusModule":{"statusVerifiedDate":"2014-11","overallStatus":"TERMINATED","whyStopped":"Low Recruitment","expandedAccessInfo":{"hasExpandedAccess":false},"startDateStruct":{"date":"2012-05"},"primaryCompletionDateStruct":{"date":"2013-07","type":"ACTUAL"},"completionDateStruct":{"date":"2013-07","type":"ACTUAL"},"studyFirstSubmitDate":"2012-03-20","studyFirstSubmitQcDate":"2012-03-20","studyFirstPostDateStruct":{"date":"2012-03-22","type":"ESTIMATED"},"resultsFirstSubmitDate":"2013-09-09","resultsFirstSubmitQcDate":"2013-09-09","resultsFirstPostDateStruct":{"date":"2013-11-19","type":"ESTIMATED"},"lastUpdateSubmitDate":"2014-12-05","lastUpdatePostDateStruct":{"date":"2014-12-24","type":"ESTIMATED"}},"sponsorCollaboratorsModule":{"responsibleParty":{"type":"SPONSOR"},"leadSponsor":{"name":"Duke University","class":"OTHER"},"collaborators":[{"name":"Philip Morris USA, Inc.","class":"INDUSTRY"}]},"oversightModule":{"oversightHasDmc":true},"descriptionModule":{"briefSummary":"The purpose of this study is to ascertain: 1) the rate of smoking cessation obtained using an adaptive treatment algorithm developed in previous clinical trials, in order to calculate cost-effectiveness of the treatment; 2) the relationship between genotype and response to cigarette smoking cessation treatment.","detailedDescription":"Previous research has shown that the initial response to nicotine patch treatment can be used to decide whether the patch alone is likely to help smokers to quit or whether alternative prescription medications may be needed to achieve smoking abstinence. This study applies the knowledge gained from this previous research to adapt the smoking cessation treatment provided to participants, based on their degree of smoking reduction during the first four weeks of nicotine patch treatment. By demonstrating effectiveness of this algorithm, this study may lead to further dissemination of the adaptive treatment strategy to other health care settings. Additionally, by gathering further information relating genomic markers to outcome, the foundation will be laid for potential practical application of this index in other settings."},"conditionsModule":{"conditions":["Cigarette Smoking","Nicotine Dependence"]},"designModule":{"studyType":"INTERVENTIONAL","phases":["PHASE2","PHASE3"],"designInfo":{"allocation":"NON_RANDOMIZED","interventionModel":"PARALLEL","primaryPurpose":"TREATMENT","maskingInfo":{"masking":"NONE"}},"enrollmentInfo":{"count":19,"type":"ACTUAL"}},"armsInterventionsModule":{"armGroups":[{"label":"varenicline (Chantix)","type":"ACTIVE_COMPARATOR","description":"This group will consist of smokers who, based on smoking behavior, DO NOT respond favorably to pre-cessation Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) assessed the day before the scheduled quit day. They will receive varenicline.","interventionNames":["Drug: varenicline (Chantix)"]},{"label":"nicotine patches","type":"ACTIVE_COMPARATOR","description":"This group will consist of smokers who, based on smoking behavior, respond favorably to pre-cessation NRT (assessed the day before the scheduled quit day). They will continue to using only nicotine patches.","interventionNames":["Drug: nicotine patches"]},{"label":"bupropion (Zyban) and nicotine patches","type":"ACTIVE_COMPARATOR","description":"This group will consist of smokers who, based on smoking behavior, DO NOT respond favorably to pre-cessation NRT (assessed the day before the scheduled quit day). They will receive bupropion with nicotine patches.","interventionNames":["Drug: bupropion (Zyban)","Drug: nicotine patches"]}],"interventions":[{"type":"DRUG","name":"varenicline (Chantix)","description":"For the first 3 days after being switched from NRT (occurring at one week before the rescheduled quit date), smokers in this group will receive varenicline at a dose of 0.5 mg once per day followed by 0.5 mg twice a day for the remaining 4 days of that week. Subsequently, the dose will be 1 mg twice per day, and will remain at that dose for the remainder of the 12 weeks.","armGroupLabels":["varenicline (Chantix)"],"otherNames":["Chantix","varenicline"]},{"type":"DRUG","name":"bupropion (Zyban)","description":"After being switched from NRT (occurring at one week before the rescheduled quit date), smokers in this group will receive 150mg of bupropion once daily and 21mg nicotine patch for first 3 days; 150mg of bupropion twice daily and 21mg nicotine patch for 7 weeks; 150mg of bupropion twice daily and 14mg nicotine patch for 2 weeks and 150mg of bupropion twice daily and 7mg nicotine patch for 2 weeks.","armGroupLabels":["bupropion (Zyban) and nicotine patches"],"otherNames":["Zyban","bupropion"]},{"type":"DRUG","name":"nicotine patches","description":"21mg nicotine patch for first 11 weeks; 14mg nicotine patch for next 2 weeks; 7mg nicotine patch for final 2 weeks.","armGroupLabels":["bupropion (Zyban) and nicotine patches","nicotine patches"]}]},"outcomesModule":{"primaryOutcomes":[{"measure":"Cost-effectiveness of the Adaptive Treatment Approach to Smoking Cessation","description":"Study was terminated early due to difficulties with enrollment. No outcome measures were assessed.","timeFrame":"End of study drug treatment period (11-12 weeks)"}],"secondaryOutcomes":[{"measure":"Quit Success Genotype Score","description":"Study was terminated early due to difficulties with enrollment. No outcome measures were assessed.\"","timeFrame":"After 6 month Follow-Up"}]},"eligibilityModule":{"eligibilityCriteria":"Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Duke employees who are enrolled in a Duke Health Plan and intend to remain employed at Duke for the next six months;\n* Dependents of Duke employees who meet the above criteria;\n* 18-65 years old;\n* Currently smoke an average of at least 10 cigarettes per day;\n* Willing to take Chantix or Zyban;\n* Express a desire to quit smoking within the next 30 days.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Hypertension;\n* Hypotension with symptoms (systolic \\<90 mm Hg, diastolic \\<60 mm Hg);\n* Coronary heart disease;\n* Lifetime history of heart attack;\n* Cardiac rhythm disorder (irregular heart rhythm);\n* Chest pains (unless history, exam, and ECG clearly indicate a non-cardiac source);\n* Cardiac (heart) disorder (including but not limited to valvular heart disease, heart murmur, heart failure);\n* Extensive active skin disorder;\n* Liver or kidney disorder (except kidney stones, gallstones);\n* Gastrointestinal disease other than gastroesophageal reflux or heartburn;\n* Active ulcers in the past 30 days;\n* Currently symptomatic lung disorder/disease (including but not limited to COPD, emphysema, and asthma);\n* Brain abnormality (including but not limited to stroke, brain tumor, and seizure disorder);\n* Migraine headaches that occur more frequently than once per week;\n* Recent, unexplained fainting spells;\n* Diabetes treated with insulin; non-insulin treated diabetes (unless glucose is less than 180mg/dcl and HbA1c is less than 7%);\n* Current cancer or treatment for cancer in the past six months (except basal or squamous cell skin cancer);\n* Other major medical condition;\n* Suicidal ideation (within the past 10 years) or lifetime occurrence of attempted suicide;\n* Pregnant or nursing mothers;\n* Current psychiatric disease (with the exception of anxiety disorders, OCD and ADHD);\n* Current depression;\n* Bulimia or anorexia;\n* Alcohol abuse;\n* Significant adverse reaction to bupropion/Wellbutrin/Zyban, Chantix/Varenicline or nicotine patches in the past.\n* Use (within the past 30 days) of:\n\n  * Wellbutrin, bupropion, Zyban, Chantix, nicotine replacement therapy or any other smoking cessation aid.\n  * Medications that are known to affect smoking cessation.","healthyVolunteers":false,"sex":"ALL","minimumAge":"18 Years","maximumAge":"65 Years","stdAges":["ADULT","OLDER_ADULT"]},"contactsLocationsModule":{"overallOfficials":[{"name":"Jed E Rose, Ph.D.","affiliation":"Duke University","role":"PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR"}],"locations":[{"facility":"Duke Center forSmoking Cessation","city":"Durham","state":"North Carolina","zip":"27705","country":"United States","geoPoint":{"lat":35.99403,"lon":-78.89862}},{"facility":"Duke Center for Smoking Cessation","city":"Raleigh","state":"North Carolina","zip":"27609","country":"United States","geoPoint":{"lat":35.7721,"lon":-78.63861}}]}},"resultsSection":{"participantFlowModule":{"preAssignmentDetails":"Of the 19 subjects who signed a consent form: 9 subjects began study participation; 7 subjects were excluded prior to receiving study drug because of medical issues and 3 subjects met other exclusion criteria and were excluded prior to receiving study drug.","recruitmentDetails":"Subjects were recruited from May 2012 until May 2013. We were only able to enter 19 of the 300 subjects into the study. We discontinued the study in July 2013 because of the recruitment difficulties.","groups":[{"id":"FG000","title":"Varenicline (Chantix)","description":"This group consists of smokers who, based on smoking behavior, DO NOT respond favorably to pre-cessation NRT (assessed the day before the scheduled quit day). They received varenicline."},{"id":"FG001","title":"Nicotine Patches","description":"This group consists of smokers who, based on smoking behavior, respond favorably to pre-cessation NRT (assessed the day before the scheduled quit day). They continued to use only nicotine patches."},{"id":"FG002","title":"Bupropion (Zyban) and Nicotine Patches","description":"This group consists of smokers who, based on smoking behavior, DO NOT respond favorably to pre-cessation NRT (assessed the day before the scheduled quit day). They received bupropion and nicotine patches."}],"periods":[{"title":"Overall Study","milestones":[{"type":"STARTED","achievements":[{"groupId":"FG000","numSubjects":"5"},{"groupId":"FG001","numSubjects":"2"},{"groupId":"FG002","numSubjects":"2"}]},{"type":"COMPLETED","achievements":[{"groupId":"FG000","numSubjects":"1"},{"groupId":"FG001","numSubjects":"0"},{"groupId":"FG002","numSubjects":"0"}]},{"type":"NOT COMPLETED","achievements":[{"groupId":"FG000","numSubjects":"4"},{"groupId":"FG001","numSubjects":"2"},{"groupId":"FG002","numSubjects":"2"}]}],"dropWithdraws":[{"type":"Lost to Follow-up","reasons":[{"groupId":"FG000","numSubjects":"3"},{"groupId":"FG001","numSubjects":"1"},{"groupId":"FG002","numSubjects":"2"}]},{"type":"Withdrawal by Subject","reasons":[{"groupId":"FG000","numSubjects":"1"},{"groupId":"FG001","numSubjects":"1"},{"groupId":"FG002","numSubjects":"0"}]}]}]},"baselineCharacteristicsModule":{"groups":[{"id":"BG000","title":"Varenicline (Chantix)","description":"This group consists of smokers who, based on smoking behavior, DO NOT respond favorably to pre-cessation NRT (assessed the day before the scheduled quit day). They received varenicline."},{"id":"BG001","title":"Nicotine Patches","description":"This group consists of smokers who, based on smoking behavior, respond favorably to pre-cessation NRT (assessed the day before the scheduled quit day). They continued to use only nicotine patches."},{"id":"BG002","title":"Bupropion (Zyban) and Nicotine Patches","description":"This group consists of smokers who, based on smoking behavior, DO NOT respond favorably to pre-cessation NRT (assessed the day before the scheduled quit day). They received bupropion and nicotine patches."},{"id":"BG003","title":"Total","description":"Total of all reporting groups"}],"denoms":[{"units":"Participants","counts":[{"groupId":"BG000","value":"5"},{"groupId":"BG001","value":"2"},{"groupId":"BG002","value":"2"},{"groupId":"BG003","value":"9"}]}],"measures":[{"title":"Age, Categorical","paramType":"COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS","unitOfMeasure":"Participants","classes":[{"categories":[{"title":"<=18 years","measurements":[{"groupId":"BG000","value":"0"},{"groupId":"BG001","value":"0"},{"groupId":"BG002","value":"0"},{"groupId":"BG003","value":"0"}]},{"title":"Between 18 and 65 years","measurements":[{"groupId":"BG000","value":"5"},{"groupId":"BG001","value":"2"},{"groupId":"BG002","value":"2"},{"groupId":"BG003","value":"9"}]},{"title":">=65 years","measurements":[{"groupId":"BG000","value":"0"},{"groupId":"BG001","value":"0"},{"groupId":"BG002","value":"0"},{"groupId":"BG003","value":"0"}]}]}]},{"title":"Age, Continuous","paramType":"MEAN","dispersionType":"STANDARD_DEVIATION","unitOfMeasure":"years","classes":[{"categories":[{"measurements":[{"groupId":"BG000","value":"47.02","spread":"10.75"},{"groupId":"BG001","value":"33.47","spread":"0.43"},{"groupId":"BG002","value":"39.61","spread":"3.94"},{"groupId":"BG003","value":"42.36","spread":"9.75"}]}]}]},{"title":"Sex: Female, Male","paramType":"COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS","unitOfMeasure":"Participants","classes":[{"categories":[{"title":"Female","measurements":[{"groupId":"BG000","value":"3"},{"groupId":"BG001","value":"1"},{"groupId":"BG002","value":"1"},{"groupId":"BG003","value":"5"}]},{"title":"Male","measurements":[{"groupId":"BG000","value":"2"},{"groupId":"BG001","value":"1"},{"groupId":"BG002","value":"1"},{"groupId":"BG003","value":"4"}]}]}]},{"title":"Region of Enrollment","paramType":"NUMBER","unitOfMeasure":"participants","classes":[{"title":"United States","categories":[{"measurements":[{"groupId":"BG000","value":"5"},{"groupId":"BG001","value":"2"},{"groupId":"BG002","value":"2"},{"groupId":"BG003","value":"9"}]}]}]}]},"outcomeMeasuresModule":{"outcomeMeasures":[{"type":"PRIMARY","title":"Cost-effectiveness of the Adaptive Treatment Approach to Smoking Cessation","description":"Study was terminated early due to difficulties with enrollment. No outcome measures were assessed.","reportingStatus":"POSTED","timeFrame":"End of study drug treatment period (11-12 weeks)","groups":[{"id":"OG000","title":"Varenicline (Chantix)","description":"This group consists of smokers who, based on smoking behavior, DO NOT respond favorably to pre-cessation NRT (assessed the day before the scheduled quit day). They received varenicline."},{"id":"OG001","title":"Nicotine Patches","description":"This group consists of smokers who, based on smoking behavior, respond favorably to pre-cessation NRT (assessed the day before the scheduled quit day). They continued to use only nicotine patches."},{"id":"OG002","title":"Bupropion (Zyban) and Nicotine Patches","description":"This group consists of smokers who, based on smoking behavior, DO NOT respond favorably to pre-cessation NRT (assessed the day before the scheduled quit day). They received bupropion and nicotine patches."}],"denoms":[{"units":"Participants","counts":[{"groupId":"OG000","value":"0"},{"groupId":"OG001","value":"0"},{"groupId":"OG002","value":"0"}]}]},{"type":"SECONDARY","title":"Quit Success Genotype Score","description":"Study was terminated early due to difficulties with enrollment. No outcome measures were assessed.\"","populationDescription":"Study was terminated early due to difficulties with enrollment. No outcome measures were assessed.","reportingStatus":"POSTED","timeFrame":"After 6 month Follow-Up","groups":[{"id":"OG000","title":"Varenicline (Chantix)","description":"This group consists of smokers who, based on smoking behavior, DO NOT respond favorably to pre-cessation NRT (assessed the day before the scheduled quit day). They received varenicline.\n\nvarenicline (Chantix): For the first 3 days after being switched from NRT (occurring at one week before the rescheduled quit date), smokers in this group will receive varenicline at a dose of 0.5 mg once per day followed by 0.5 mg twice a day for the remaining 4 days of that week. Subsequently, the dose will be 1 mg twice per day, and will remain at that dose for the remainder of the 12 weeks."},{"id":"OG001","title":"Nicotine Patches","description":"This group consists of smokers who, based on smoking behavior, respond favorably to pre-cessation NRT (assessed the day before the scheduled quit day). They continued to use only nicotine patches.\n\nnicotine patches: 21mg nicotine patch for first 11 weeks; 14mg nicotine patch for next 2 weeks; 7mg nicotine patch for final 2 weeks."},{"id":"OG002","title":"Bupropion (Zyban) and Nicotine Patches","description":"This group consists of smokers who, based on smoking behavior, DO NOT respond favorably to pre-cessation NRT (assessed the day before the scheduled quit day). They received bupropion and nicotine patches.\n\nbupropion (Zyban) \\& nicotine patches: After being switched from NRT (occurring at one week before the rescheduled quit date), smokers in this group will receive 150mg of bupropion once daily and 21mg nicotine patch for first 3 days; 150mg of bupropion twice daily and 21mg nicotine patch for 7 weeks; 150mg of bupropion twice daily and 14mg nicotine patch for 2 weeks and 150mg of bupropion twice daily and 7mg nicotine patch for 2 weeks."}],"denoms":[{"units":"Participants","counts":[{"groupId":"OG000","value":"0"},{"groupId":"OG001","value":"0"},{"groupId":"OG002","value":"0"}]}]}]},"adverseEventsModule":{"frequencyThreshold":"0","eventGroups":[{"id":"EG000","title":"Varenicline (Chantix)","description":"This group consists of smokers who, based on smoking behavior, DO NOT respond favorably to pre-cessation NRT (assessed the day before the scheduled quit day). They received varenicline.","seriousNumAffected":0,"seriousNumAtRisk":5,"otherNumAffected":0,"otherNumAtRisk":5},{"id":"EG001","title":"Nicotine Patches","description":"This group consists of smokers who, based on smoking behavior, respond favorably to pre-cessation NRT (assessed the day before the scheduled quit day). They continued to use only nicotine patches.","seriousNumAffected":0,"seriousNumAtRisk":2,"otherNumAffected":0,"otherNumAtRisk":2},{"id":"EG002","title":"Bupropion (Zyban) and Nicotine Patches","description":"This group consists of smokers who, based on smoking behavior, DO NOT respond favorably to pre-cessation NRT (assessed the day before the scheduled quit day). They received bupropion and nicotine patches.","seriousNumAffected":0,"seriousNumAtRisk":2,"otherNumAffected":0,"otherNumAtRisk":2}]},"moreInfoModule":{"limitationsAndCaveats":{"description":"Early termination of the study because of recruitment difficulties lead to insufficient data collection and analysis of primary and secondary outcome measures."},"certainAgreement":{"piSponsorEmployee":true},"pointOfContact":{"title":"Dr. Jed Rose","organization":"Duke University Medical Center","email":"jed.rose@duke.edu","phone":"919-668-5055"}}},"derivedSection":{"miscInfoModule":{"versionHolder":"2026-10-13"},"conditionBrowseModule":{"meshes":[{"id":"D000073865","term":"Cigarette Smoking"},{"id":"D014029","term":"Tobacco Use Disorder"}],"ancestors":[{"id":"D000073869","term":"Tobacco Smoking"},{"id":"D012907","term":"Smoking"},{"id":"D001519","term":"Behavior"},{"id":"D064424","term":"Tobacco Use"},{"id":"D019966","term":"Substance-Related Disorders"},{"id":"D064419","term":"Chemically-Induced Disorders"},{"id":"D001523","term":"Mental Disorders"}]},"interventionBrowseModule":{"meshes":[{"id":"D000068580","term":"Varenicline"},{"id":"D016642","term":"Bupropion"},{"id":"D061485","term":"Tobacco Use Cessation Devices"}],"ancestors":[{"id":"D001552","term":"Benzazepines"},{"id":"D006574","term":"Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring"},{"id":"D000072471","term":"Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring"},{"id":"D006571","term":"Heterocyclic Compounds"},{"id":"D011810","term":"Quinoxalines"},{"id":"D011427","term":"Propiophenones"},{"id":"D007659","term":"Ketones"},{"id":"D009930","term":"Organic Chemicals"},{"id":"D013812","term":"Therapeutics"}]}},"hasResults":true}