[ { "trial": "T46", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_randomized", "why": "YoBI enrolled every eligible Housing Support Program family plus further invited CalWORKs families, and its comparison group was recruited afterwards for similarity to them (a quasi-experimental design), so nobody was assigned at random; the stipend was also a top-up to $1 above the California Poverty Measure." }, { "trial": "T47", "eligible": false, "reason": "no_eligible_outcome", "why": "A randomized trial of $50 a week for 10 months to high school students against a $10-a-month gift card control, but its report presents only GPA, attendance, financial capability and self-perception outcomes, with no mental health or employment outcome presented or planned." }, { "trial": "T48", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_randomized", "why": "The only file is a news article saying 125 people were chosen from responses to a survey sent to 4,000 Gary residents to receive $500 a month for 12 months; it describes no random assignment and no control group." }, { "trial": "T49", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "An RCT in Los Angeles County in which 300 people aged 18 to 24 got $1,000 a month for three years with no conditions (job training was only an option) against 650 controls, reporting Kessler-6 psychological well-being and employment and earnings.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Los Angeles County, California" ], "population": "Economically vulnerable young adults aged 18 to 24 (most earning under $600 a month, many unhoused or at risk of losing housing)", "years": null, "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment ($1,000 per month)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 36, "n_randomized": 300 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": null, "currency": "USD", "per": null, "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 650 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T49-1", "treated": "Treatment ($1,000 per month)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": null, "payment_months": 36, "waves": null, "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 6 (K6)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employment", "monthly earnings", "job satisfaction (four-point scale)", "administrative data (not detailed)" ], "evaluator": "The (unnamed) author of the working paper, in partnership with the Los Angeles County Department of Public and Social Services", "result_reports": [ "pilot:taypo_1" ], "notes": "Only an abstract is available. Treated participants could also choose to take part in a job-training program (not a condition of the cash) and were randomly assigned to caseworkers, which the paper uses as an instrument for training; controls got neither cash nor the training offer as far as the abstract says. Data come from six survey rounds and administrative data, but the abstract gives neither their timing nor the payment dates, and does not say whether controls got any payment. The same trial appears as T79 (registration AEARCTR-0011791 and a dissertation abstract, giving an August 2022 start); the two ids should be merged." }, { "trial": "T50", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A registered RCT in which 3,250 Cook County residents got $500 a month for two years with no strings against about 8,940 controls; the county's release reports participants' stress and mental health and the University of Chicago evaluation's findings were still to come.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Cook County, Illinois" ], "population": "Cook County residents who applied to the pilot in 2022 (over 230,000 applications); eligibility rules not stated in the files", "years": "2022-12 to 2025-01", "arms": [ { "label": "Cash transfers", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 1625 }, { "label": "Cash transfers plus offer of financial coaching", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 1625 }, { "label": "Control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 8940 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T50-1", "treated": "Cash transfers", "control": "Control", "kind": "recurring" }, { "id": "T50-2", "treated": "Cash transfers plus offer of financial coaching", "control": "Control", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-12", "payment_months": 24, "waves": null, "mental_health_instruments": null, "employment_measures": null, "evaluator": "Inclusive Economy Lab, University of Chicago (GiveDirectly administered the payments)", "result_reports": [], "notes": "The registration (AEARCTR-0010641) gives 12,190 individuals: 3,250 receiving $500 a month for two years, 1,625 of whom are additionally offered financial coaching (by Working Credit; it does not say how they were chosen), and about 8,940 controls; outcomes, design and the control's treatment are deferred to a pre-analysis plan not in the files. Payment dates: the registration's intervention start is 2022-12-15 and the county says final payments went out in January 2025, which is more than 24 months, so the first payment date is uncertain. The county release (pilot:cook_1) reports reduced stress and a positive mental health impact from GiveDirectly's survey of participants only, with no control comparison; the four OpenAlex records are titles without abstracts. No file holds randomized outcome results yet, so result_reports is empty; the release counts 3,250 households where the registration counts individuals." }, { "trial": "T51", "eligible": false, "reason": "no_control_arm", "why": "HudsonUP chose recipients of $500 a month for five years by a weighted lottery among applicants, but the only report analyses interviews with recipients and states that the study lacked a control group." }, { "trial": "T52", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A nationwide mandatory experiment that randomly chose 2,000 of 175,222 recipients of minimum unemployment benefits to get an unconditional, non-tapering basic income of 560 euros a month for 2017 and 2018, the rest staying on the usual benefits, with register-based employment and survey and register mental health outcomes.", "country": "Finland", "sites": [ "Nationwide" ], "population": "People aged 25 to 58 receiving minimum (flat-rate or labour market subsidy) unemployment benefits from Kela in November 2016", "years": "2017-01 to 2018-12", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group (basic income)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 560, "currency": "EUR", "per": "month", "months_paid": 24, "n_randomized": 2000 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "EUR", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 173222 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T52-1", "treated": "Treatment group (basic income)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2017-01", "payment_months": 24, "waves": [ { "label": "First year of the experiment (2017), employment registers", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "employment", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "End-of-experiment telephone survey (15 October to 14 December 2018)", "months_since_first_payment": 22, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "employment", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "Second year of the experiment (2018), employment registers", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "employment", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Experiment period (2017 to 2018), health registers", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] }, { "label": "After the experiment, health registers", "months_since_first_payment": null, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "MHI-5 (Mental Health Inventory, mental strain)", "psychotropic (psychiatric) drug use from the prescription register", "outpatient mental health visits in secondary care and primary care visits for mental health (registers)", "mental distress and depression items (survey)" ], "employment_measures": [ "days in employment per year from the Finnish Centre for Pensions register", "annual labour earnings from tax registers", "monthly employment share (registers)", "primary outcome: days in employment October 2017 to November 2018", "self-reported employment status and part-time work at the end of the experiment (survey)" ], "evaluator": "Kela (Social Insurance Institution of Finland) with the VATT Institute for Economic Research, Labour Institute for Economic Research, University of Turku, University of Helsinki, Finnish Association for Mental Health and Tänk; later analyses by independent teams (e.g. Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research)", "result_reports": [ "openalex:W3167377507", "openalex:W4416858567", "openalex:W4285086002", "pmc:PMC12555240", "pmid:36767105", "openalex:W4414272693", "openalex:W7131668656", "openalex:W4245106623", "openalex:W3193176234", "openalex:W2913727317", "openalex:W3191595179" ], "notes": "The basic income replaced the minimum unemployment benefit (net about 558 euros) and did not taper with earnings, so for someone out of work it barely changed income; its main change was to work incentives and the removal of job-search conditions, though the health paper reports average income rose 9 to 11 percent. Treated people could still claim unemployment benefits for child or programme supplements, and the basic income was deducted from other benefits. Participation was mandatory; the control group is the rest of the target population (173,222) on usual benefits. First payment 9 January 2017; a January 2018 activation reform affected the groups asymmetrically. The survey sampled all 2,000 treated and 5,600 controls, with a 23 percent response (31 percent treated, 20 percent control). Survey months are computed from the window's midpoint; register outcomes summed over a calendar year or the experiment are dated at the period's end. The post-experiment register wave rests on abstracts that give no dates. The abstract openalex:W7221513009 describes 1,000 recipients and 1,000 controls surveyed at 12 and 24 months with 84 and 78 percent response, matching no other report, so it is left out of result_reports." }, { "trial": "T53", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A preregistered block-randomized trial in which 107 people in Germany got 1,200 euros a month, tax-free and without conditions, for three years against 1,580 controls paid only survey incentives, with mental health (WHO-5, perceived stress) and employment (social security records and surveys) outcomes.", "country": "Germany", "sites": [ "Nationwide (German residents)" ], "population": "Single-person households aged 21 to 40 with monthly net income of 1,100 to 2,600 euros, not receiving long-term unemployment benefits, who registered after a public call", "years": "2021-06 to 2024-05", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group (basic income recipients)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1200, "currency": "EUR", "per": "month", "months_paid": 36, "n_randomized": 107 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 20, "currency": "EUR", "per": "year", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 1580 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T53-1", "treated": "Treatment group (basic income recipients)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "blocks of 32 participants matched on baseline covariates (mental health, wellbeing, gender, socio-economic background, finances, political attitudes; Mahalanobis distance), 2 treated per block, 53 blocks sampled to match the eligible population on gender, education and income", "payment_start": "2021-06", "payment_months": 36, "waves": [ { "label": "Wave 1", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "stress", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Wave 2", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Wave 3", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Wave 4", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Wave 5", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Wave 6", "months_since_first_payment": 36, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Wave 7 (6 months after the program)", "months_since_first_payment": 42, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "Wave 8 (18 months after the program)", "months_since_first_payment": 54, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress", "life_satisfaction" ] }, { "label": "IAB administrative records (monthly, averaged over the three payment years)", "months_since_first_payment": 36, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "employment", "earnings" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "WHO-5 Wellbeing Index (used as a depression screener)", "Perceived Stress Scale (five items of the PSS-10)", "purpose in life (single item)", "general and domain life satisfaction (single items)", "an index of mental health and wellbeing combining these" ], "employment_measures": [ "employed, full-time and part-time from IAB social security records (Integrated Labour Market Biographies)", "net earnings and gross wages from IAB records", "self-reported working hours per week", "self-reported not unemployed, self-employed, net earnings, and training or education", "job search effort and job transitions" ], "evaluator": "DIW Berlin (German Institute for Economic Research) with researchers at WU Vienna, Frankfurt School of Finance and Management and the University of Oxford; financed and implemented by Mein Grundeinkommen e.V.", "result_reports": [ "pilot:germ_3", "pilot:germ_2", "pilot:germ_1" ], "notes": "Survey waves 1 to 6 ran at six-month intervals during the program (baseline about 3 months before the first payment); waves 7 and 8 were 6 and 18 months after the program, so their months are counted from the end of the 36-month program. The WHO-5 and general life satisfaction were missing at wave 1 and the stress items at wave 2. Labour results average the three payment years, with per-wave survey and monthly administrative estimates in figures; administrative data cover the 99 treated and 1,278 controls who consented to linkage. Controls got 10 euros per completed survey plus 30 euros for completing all six (up to about 100 euros), coded here as 20 euros a year; both groups got 20 euros for each post-program survey. The registration planned 1,377 controls; the 212 block reserves were later added to the control group, and after 7 controls withdrew and 2 were moved into treatment to replace 2 treated who left before payments, 1,580 controls remained. Treated people had to complete the six surveys; the payments were tax-free and raised baseline household income by 46 to 110 percent." }, { "trial": "T54", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "An RCT among 8,200 eligible artists in Ireland that randomly assigned 2,000 to an unconditional 325 euros a week for three years and 1,000 to a control group paid 650 euros a year for surveys, reporting depression and anxiety items, life satisfaction, and work and income inside and outside the arts.", "country": "Ireland", "sites": [ "Nationwide (Republic of Ireland)" ], "population": "Artists and creative arts workers (including the recently trained) aged 18 or over, resident and tax compliant in Ireland, not full-time students, whose applications were assessed as eligible", "years": "2022-10 to 2025-08", "arms": [ { "label": "BIA recipients (treatment group)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 325, "currency": "EUR", "per": "week", "months_paid": 36, "n_randomized": 2000 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 650, "currency": "EUR", "per": "year", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 997 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T54-1", "treated": "BIA recipients (treatment group)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-10", "payment_months": 36, "waves": [ { "label": "6-month (April 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "First year (October 2023)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "18-month (April 2024)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Two years (October 2024)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "Wave 5 (April 2025, 2.5 years)", "months_since_first_payment": 30, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Depressed or downhearted in the last four weeks", "Anxious in the last four weeks", "Felt depressed or anxious during the last six months", "Life satisfaction (0 to 10, as in SILC)" ], "employment_measures": [ "weekly hours spent working outside the arts", "weekly hours spent on arts work", "prevalence of work in the arts and inability to work in the arts", "ability to sustain oneself through arts work alone", "monthly take-home income from the arts and from outside the arts", "receipt of Jobseeker's payments" ], "evaluator": "Basic Income for the Arts Research Team (IGEES staff) in the Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media (later the Department of Culture, Communications and Sport); a cost-benefit analysis prepared for that Department", "result_reports": [ "pilot:bifa_4", "pilot:bifa_1", "pilot:bifa_2", "pilot:bifa_3" ], "notes": "Paid as 1,413.21 euros a month; the first payments were issued in October 2022, backdated to August 2022 (the selection date), and the pilot was later extended six months to February 2026. The payment is taxable self-employment income and counts as income for social protection means tests, so other means-tested benefits could fall, but the payment itself did not fall with earnings. The baseline survey (from 14 October 2022, recalling the previous six months) came after assignment and after the first payment was issued; follow-ups were every six months, each recalling the previous six months. 27 treatment and 408 control assignees declined and were replaced by further random draws, giving 2,000 and 997 at baseline. Controls were paid 650 euros a year for completing two surveys. The 2-year report gives raw difference-in-differences for waves to October 2024; the cost-benefit analysis estimates panel difference-in-differences through April 2025 on 2,854 people with baseline and final-wave data." }, { "trial": "T55", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_flat", "why": "B-MINCOME randomized households in a poor area of Barcelona, but its Municipal Inclusion Support topped household income up to a threshold set by household income, size and composition and was withdrawn as income rose (100 percent in the full-withdrawal arm, 25 to 35 percent in the partial arm), so no arm got a flat amount." }, { "trial": "T56", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_flat", "why": "The Dutch municipal experiments (Utrecht, Groningen, Wageningen, Tilburg, Deventer) randomized social assistance recipients, but every arm kept the means-tested social assistance benefit (a top-up to the social minimum withdrawn as earnings rise); the treatments only waived job-search obligations, added counselling, or let people keep 50 percent of extra earnings up to about 200 euros a month, so no arm got a flat, unconditional payment." }, { "trial": "T57", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_randomized", "why": "All fourteen outpatients of one Dutch forensic psychiatric facility were invited and received a fixed income supplement (to 1,350 euros a month) for three years; there was no random assignment and no control group (a single-group mixed-methods study)." }, { "trial": "T58", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_flat", "why": "The Ontario Basic Income Pilot used a negative income tax design in which payments (up to 75 percent of the Low Income Measure) were reduced by $0.50 for every dollar of employment income; the files hold only qualitative and descriptive studies of it." }, { "trial": "T59", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_flat", "why": "The US negative income tax experiments (New Jersey-Pennsylvania, Gary and others) and Manitoba's Mincome guaranteed incomes that were taxed back as earnings rose, so their payments were not flat." }, { "trial": "T60", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A preregistered cluster-randomized trial in Vancouver shelters in which 50 recently homeless adults got a one-time unconditional CAD 7,500 and 65 got no cash, with follow-ups to 12 months reporting psychiatric symptoms, subjective well-being, job hours and work income.", "country": "Canada", "sites": [ "Metro Vancouver, British Columbia" ], "population": "Adults aged 19 to 65 homeless for less than 2 years, Canadian citizens or permanent residents, without severe substance use, alcohol use or mental health symptoms, recruited from 22 shelters", "years": null, "arms": [ { "label": "Condition 1: cash transfer, workshop and coaching", "kind": "lump_sum", "amount": 7500, "currency": "CAD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 25 }, { "label": "Condition 2: cash transfer and workshop", "kind": "lump_sum", "amount": 7500, "currency": "CAD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 25 }, { "label": "Condition 3: workshop and coaching, no cash", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "CAD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 19 }, { "label": "Condition 4: no cash, workshop or coaching", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "CAD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 46 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T60-1", "treated": "Condition 1: cash transfer, workshop and coaching", "control": "Condition 3: workshop and coaching, no cash", "kind": "lump_sum" }, { "id": "T60-2", "treated": "Condition 2: cash transfer and workshop", "control": "Condition 4: no cash, workshop or coaching", "kind": "lump_sum" } ], "randomization": "cluster", "stratified_by": "shelter organization (shelters randomized within each of four organizations)", "payment_start": null, "payment_months": null, "waves": [ { "label": "1 month", "months_since_first_payment": 1, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "life_satisfaction", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "3 months", "months_since_first_payment": 3, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "6 months", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "life_satisfaction", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "9 months", "months_since_first_payment": 9, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "life_satisfaction", "hours", "earnings" ] }, { "label": "12 months", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health", "life_satisfaction", "hours", "earnings" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Colorado Symptom Index (psychiatric symptomatology)", "satisfaction with life, positive and negative affect, meaning in life (subjective well-being)" ], "employment_measures": [ "weekly job hours", "income from work", "hourly pay" ], "evaluator": "University of British Columbia researchers, with the New Leaf Project", "result_reports": [ "pmid:37643214" ], "notes": "Randomized by shelter (22 shelters; 115 enrolled from 229 screened eligible), so arm sizes are enrolled participants. Results beyond the preregistered 1-month tests are reported only for the pooled contrast of the two cash conditions (n = 50) with the two non-cash conditions (n = 65), not for the matched pairs coded here. The workshop was a 1-hour session every 3 months for a year; coaching was three 45-minute calls a month for 6 months. All arms got survey honoraria (amount not given), a free credit union account, replacement ID, a resource booklet and a used smartphone. The province agreed the transfer would not affect benefits. Payment dates are not given; attrition over 12 months was 30 percent (cash) and 32 percent (non-cash)." }, { "trial": "T61", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A registered RCT in Metro Vancouver randomly assigning 400 people experiencing homelessness to a one-time unconditional CAD 8,500 or no cash, planning surveys to 12 months that track employment, health and well-being; no results are in the files.", "country": "Canada", "sites": [ "Metro Vancouver, British Columbia" ], "population": "People experiencing homelessness aged 18 to 65, Canadian citizens or permanent residents, without severe substance or alcohol use, severe psychiatric symptoms or problem gambling", "years": null, "arms": [ { "label": "Cash", "kind": "lump_sum", "amount": 8500, "currency": "CAD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 200 }, { "label": "Control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "CAD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 200 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T61-1", "treated": "Cash", "control": "Control", "kind": "lump_sum" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": null, "payment_months": null, "waves": [ { "label": "1 month", "months_since_first_payment": 1, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] }, { "label": "2 months", "months_since_first_payment": 2, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] }, { "label": "3 months", "months_since_first_payment": 3, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] }, { "label": "6 months", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] }, { "label": "9 months", "months_since_first_payment": 9, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12 months", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": null, "employment_measures": [ "employment (planned; measure not specified)" ], "evaluator": "University of British Columbia (Jiaying Zhao), with Foundations for Social Change", "result_reports": [], "notes": "Only the registration (NCT05372978, started May 2022, sample sizes planned) and a title without an abstract are in the files, so the waves are the planned surveys 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after the transfer, with no results yet (measures left empty). Registered primary outcomes are housing, savings, spending and shelter costs over 1 to 3 months; the description says employment, health, cognitive function and well-being will also be tracked." }, { "trial": "T62", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A registered RCT that randomly assigned over 5,000 low-income US adults hit by the COVID-19 pandemic to a one-time unconditional $500, $2,000, or nothing, measuring psychological well-being (and financial, cognitive and physical outcomes) 1, 6 and 15 weeks after payment.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Nationwide (participants of a partner non-profit's assistance program)" ], "population": "Low-income US adults adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic who signed up for financial assistance from a partner non-profit and had not received its funding before", "years": "2020-08 to 2021-01", "arms": [ { "label": "$500 group (Small Cash)", "kind": "lump_sum", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 1374 }, { "label": "$2,000 group (Large Cash)", "kind": "lump_sum", "amount": 2000, "currency": "USD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 699 }, { "label": "Control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 3170 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T62-1", "treated": "$500 group (Small Cash)", "control": "Control", "kind": "lump_sum" }, { "id": "T62-2", "treated": "$2,000 group (Large Cash)", "control": "Control", "kind": "lump_sum" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2020-08", "payment_months": null, "waves": [ { "label": "1 week (t2)", "months_since_first_payment": 0.2, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] }, { "label": "6 weeks (t3)", "months_since_first_payment": 1.4, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] }, { "label": "15 weeks (t4)", "months_since_first_payment": 3.5, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "psychological well-being index (its components are listed in an analysis plan not in the files)" ], "employment_measures": null, "evaluator": "Not named in the files (academic team registered as AEARCTR-0006149, working with an unnamed non-profit)", "result_reports": [ "ppr:PPR602979" ], "notes": "Only the registration and one abstract are available (the other records are titles). Payments were made about 3.5 weeks after the baseline survey, on a rolling basis between the intervention start (August 2020) and completion (January 2021); the abstract gives follow-ups at 1, 6 and 15 weeks after cash receipt, converted here to months. All arms were paid $20 per survey plus a completion bonus and lottery tickets for $1,000 prizes. Each arm was cross-randomized to access to the non-profit's online peer platform or not; the primary analyses collapse this. A fifth survey was planned if funded. 43 percent of the sample also linked bank data. Employment is not among the outcomes named." }, { "trial": "T63", "eligible": false, "reason": "no_eligible_outcome", "why": "A randomized trial in Ontario primary care of a one-time unconditional C$1,000 (C$1,200 for households of three or more) against public health guidance alone, whose outcomes over 14 days were COVID-19 symptoms, close contacts, infection, general health, making ends meet, food security and medication non-adherence, with no mental health or employment outcome." }, { "trial": "T64", "eligible": false, "reason": "no_eligible_outcome", "why": "TED's experiment randomly gave US$10,000 to 200 of 300 people in seven countries (three of them, with 145 participants, not high-income), but it reports only subjective well-being (Satisfaction with Life Scale, positive and negative affect), not mental health symptoms or employment." }, { "trial": "T65", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A three-arm RCT in Wilmington, Delaware in which young men aged 14 to 17 from low-income families got $150 a week for six months unconditionally, the same conditional on an after-school program, or nothing (waitlist), reporting psychological distress items at the exit survey.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Wilmington, Delaware (ZIP codes 19801, 19802, 19805)" ], "population": "Young men aged 14 to 17 in Medicaid-eligible (low-income) families living in three high-crime Wilmington ZIP codes", "years": "2021-11 to 2022-05", "arms": [ { "label": "Cash transfer alone (unconditional cash transfer)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 150, "currency": "USD", "per": "week", "months_paid": 6, "n_randomized": 56 }, { "label": "Cash transfer paired with after-school programming (conditional cash transfer)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 150, "currency": "USD", "per": "week", "months_paid": 6, "n_randomized": 59 }, { "label": "Control group (waitlisted for programming)", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "week", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 57 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T65-1", "treated": "Cash transfer alone (unconditional cash transfer)", "control": "Control group (waitlisted for programming)", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "race, ethnicity and neighborhood (blocked); sibling pairs kept in the same arm", "payment_start": "2021-11", "payment_months": 6, "waves": [ { "label": "Monthly survey 1", "months_since_first_payment": 1, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "Monthly survey 2", "months_since_first_payment": 2, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "Monthly survey 3", "months_since_first_payment": 3, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "Monthly survey 4", "months_since_first_payment": 4, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "Exit survey", "months_since_first_payment": null, "during_payments": null, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "psychological distress items from a validated scale (nine items matching the Kessler 10, each reported)", "physical and mental health composite index (distress items plus ER visits, injuries, threats, expected chance of being killed by 21, and self-esteem items)" ], "employment_measures": [ "employment status (asked in the monthly and exit surveys; no results reported)" ], "evaluator": "Urban Institute researchers (the 'Urban team'), with the Delaware Department of Health and Social Services", "result_reports": [ "pmid:38637462", "ppr:PPR749617" ], "notes": "The programming arm got the $150 a week only if it attended enough after-school sessions to submit its documents (2 to 4 sessions), so it is a conditional arm and not compared here; the paper also pools both cash arms as 'any cash'. Payments ran six months from fall 2021 (randomized October 2021) to May 2022, so the start month is approximate; 77 percent of those offered cash picked up the payment card. Outcomes come from the exit survey after the program and payments ended (date not given; 72 percent responded) and from school records; the monthly surveys had low response and are not used for outcomes. All arms got $20 gift cards per survey ($40 for the exit survey). The financial health composite includes a single financial-stress item. Arm sizes are enrolled before 5 early dropouts (55 programming, 56 control after)." }, { "trial": "T66", "eligible": false, "reason": "no_eligible_outcome", "why": "A pilot RCT in Cleveland that gave food-insecure adults who smoke a $250 unrestricted Visa card (about $83 a month for 3 months) on top of resource navigation, against navigation alone, but it reports only feasibility, smoking, food security and general health outcomes, with no mental health or employment outcome." }, { "trial": "T67", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A pilot RCT in New Mexico that gave food-insecure breast and gynecological cancer survivors $100 a month for 3 months on Visa merchandise cards usable anywhere, against usual care, reporting the PROMIS Global Health mental health score at 3 months.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico" ], "population": "Food-insecure adult women diagnosed within 24 months with stage I-III breast, ovarian, endometrial, cervical or vulvar cancer who had completed initial treatment", "years": "2021-09 to 2022-06", "arms": [ { "label": "Unconditional cash transfer (UCT)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 100, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 3, "n_randomized": 7 }, { "label": "Usual care (UC)", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 10 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T67-1", "treated": "Unconditional cash transfer (UCT)", "control": "Usual care (UC)", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": null, "payment_months": 3, "waves": [ { "label": "3-month follow-up", "months_since_first_payment": 3, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "PROMIS Global Health Scale (mental health score)", "PHQ-9 (registered; no results reported)", "Perceived Stress Scale PSS-10 (registered; no results reported)" ], "employment_measures": null, "evaluator": "University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center researchers", "result_reports": [ "pmid:39447043", "openalex:W4389241817" ], "notes": "Three monthly $100 Visa merchandise cards were mailed after randomization; recruitment ran September 2021 to March 2022, so the payment dates are approximate. The follow-up was 3 months after the baseline survey, around the last payment. Usual care included referrals and nutrition pamphlets for both arms, and the usual care arm got a delayed one-time $300 after the 3-month follow-up. 17 were randomized (7 and 10) and 14 completed follow-up (5 and 9); the conference abstract says 19 enrolled. Employment appears only as a baseline characteristic." }, { "trial": "T68", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A pilot RCT in a Philadelphia NICU that randomized Medicaid-eligible birthing parents of preterm infants to $325 or a token $25 a month on a debit card for 4 months, reporting depressive symptoms (PHQ-2) and perceived stress at 2 and 4 months.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (level III NICU at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania)" ], "population": "Medicaid-eligible birthing parents aged 18 or over of preterm infants (under 37 weeks), Philadelphia County residents, enrolled within 2 weeks of birth", "years": "2023-07 to 2024-03", "arms": [ { "label": "High-value UCT", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 325, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 4, "n_randomized": 12 }, { "label": "Low-value UCT (active control)", "kind": "control", "amount": 25, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 4, "n_randomized": 12 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T68-1", "treated": "High-value UCT", "control": "Low-value UCT (active control)", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "gestational age (28 weeks or more vs under 28 weeks)", "payment_start": "2023-07", "payment_months": 4, "waves": [ { "label": "2-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 2, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress" ] }, { "label": "4-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 4, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "PHQ-2 (share with a passing score under 3)", "Perceived Stress Scale (share with a passing score under 6)" ], "employment_measures": [ "worked while pregnant and paid maternity leave (baseline only)" ], "evaluator": "Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania", "result_reports": [ "pmid:40216998", "pmid:41167466" ], "notes": "A feasibility pilot: the primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability, and the mental health measures are exploratory counts by arm with no statistical tests. The first payment was made at enrollment (July to November 2023) and three more within 2 days of the infant's monthly birthdays; the 4-month survey falls at the end of the four-month payment period. The low-value arm ($25 a month on the same debit card, with the same benefits counselling) served as the control. 25 dyads enrolled; one was excluded after an infant death, leaving 12 per arm (13 infants in the high-value arm, which had twins); 19 completed both follow-up surveys. Employment appears only at baseline." }, { "trial": "T69", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A registered two-arm RCT in Philadelphia giving Medicaid beneficiaries with advanced cancer $1,000 a month for 12 months unconditionally against treatment as usual, with anxiety and depression (HADS) and employment among its planned outcomes; only the protocol and commentary are in the files.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Abramson Cancer Center at Penn Medicine; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson Health)" ], "population": "Pennsylvania Medicaid beneficiaries aged 18 or over with new or recurrent stage 3-4 cancer receiving or recently receiving systemic therapy, ECOG 1-2, not hospice-eligible", "years": null, "arms": [ { "label": "Intervention arm ($1,000/month UCT)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 100 }, { "label": "Control arm (treatment as usual)", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 150 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T69-1", "treated": "Intervention arm ($1,000/month UCT)", "control": "Control arm (treatment as usual)", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "age and recruitment site", "payment_start": "2023-04", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "3 months", "months_since_first_payment": 3, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "6 months", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "9 months", "months_since_first_payment": 9, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12 months", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (planned)" ], "employment_measures": [ "weekly hours of employment, interruptions in employment and work reductions (planned)" ], "evaluator": "Abramson Cancer Center at Penn Medicine (Meredith Doherty, sponsor-investigator) with Mathematica Policy Research", "result_reports": [], "notes": "The files hold the protocol, two corrigenda, a commentary abstract and the registration (NCT06611982); no outcome results yet, so measures are left empty. Planned: 250 participants randomized 1:1.5 (so about 100 and 150), surveys at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after enrollment (registered outcomes at 6 and 12 months), mortality from Social Security records at 2, 3 and 5 years. Wave months are counted from enrollment, as the protocol gives them. Enrollment started April 2023 (registration start date), so payment dates are approximate. Payments go on a debit card; an SSA waiver protects SSI, and both arms get financial toxicity information and their social worker's or financial advocate's contact, plus $30 per survey. An earlier one-time $1,000 grant pilot was observational and is not this trial." }, { "trial": "T70", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A randomized waitlist-crossover trial in which 300 low-income Black young adults in San Francisco and Oakland got $500 a month either in the first 12 months (cash now) or the second (cash in a year), with depressive symptoms (CESD-R-10) and anxiety (GAD-7) as planned outcomes at 12 months; no outcome results are in the files yet.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "San Francisco, California", "Oakland, California" ], "population": "Black or African American young adults aged 18 to 24 living in low-income census tracts (LIHTC qualified census tracts) of San Francisco or Oakland, or unhoused there, not in another guaranteed income program", "years": "2022-11 to 2025-09", "arms": [ { "label": "Cash now (Phase 1 GI)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 150 }, { "label": "Cash in a year (Phase 2 GI, waitlist)", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 150 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T70-1", "treated": "Cash now (Phase 1 GI)", "control": "Cash in a year (Phase 2 GI, waitlist)", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": "gender, age group (18-20, 21-24) and city of residence (block randomization)", "payment_start": "2022-11", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "3 months", "months_since_first_payment": 3, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "6 months", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "9 months", "months_since_first_payment": 9, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12 months (crossover)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "CESD-R-10 (major or probable major depressive episode) (planned)", "GAD-7, score of 10 or more (planned)", "Hope Matters Scale (planned)" ], "employment_measures": [ "enrollment in education, leadership or employment training programs ('investments in the future')", "employment and earnings asked in monthly check-ins (planned)" ], "evaluator": "University of California, San Francisco, with Oregon Health and Science University and MyPath", "result_reports": [], "notes": "The files hold the protocol, the registration (NCT05609188, completed September 2025, 300 enrolled), baseline data and a qualitative study of employment precarity from 36 participants' interviews, but no randomized outcome results, so measures are left empty. The cash-in-a-year arm gets the same $500 a month in months 13 to 24, so it is a no-cash control only up to the 12-month crossover; the later quarterly surveys (15 to 24 months) compare cash that has ended with cash being received and are left out of the waves. Participants were drawn monthly from an eligible pool and randomized after the baseline survey, so payment dates are staggered from November 2022 (study start); the years span the whole study, including the waitlist arm's second-year payments. Both arms are offered optional peer discussion groups and financial mentoring throughout, and survey payments plus $100 for answering most monthly check-ins. Payments go on a Focus prepaid card on the first of each month." }, { "trial": "T71", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A pilot RCT at a Philadelphia family medicine clinic that gave Medicaid patients with diabetes or hypertension $125 every two weeks (eight payments, $1,000) unconditionally against usual care, with results posted for perceived stress, state anxiety and Kessler-6 distress at the 12-week follow-up.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Penn Family Care clinic)" ], "population": "Adult Pennsylvania Medicaid beneficiaries seen at Penn Family Care with pre-diabetes, diabetes and/or hypertension on at least one oral medication for it", "years": "2023-03 to 2023-11", "arms": [ { "label": "Cash Transfer", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 125, "currency": "USD", "per": "two_weeks", "months_paid": 3.2, "n_randomized": 50 }, { "label": "Control", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "two_weeks", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 50 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T71-1", "treated": "Cash Transfer", "control": "Control", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2023-03", "payment_months": 3.2, "waves": [ { "label": "12-week follow-up visit (3 months)", "months_since_first_payment": 2.8, "during_payments": true, "measures": [ "mental_health", "stress" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6+, 6-30)", "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, state subscale (20-80)", "Perceived Stress Scale, short form (0-16)", "CDC healthy days" ], "employment_measures": [ "work and hours worked (baseline only)" ], "evaluator": "University of Pennsylvania", "result_reports": [ "NCT05838027", "pmid:41691989" ], "notes": "Payments of $125 on the day of enrollment and every two weeks after, eight in all over 14 weeks, on a reloadable ClinCard also used for study payments; a state waiver kept them from counting for Medicaid, SNAP or utility assistance. Enrollment ran 27 March to 4 August 2023 (the registration gives a 4 April start). The follow-up visit was about 12 weeks after enrollment, before the payments ended; mental health change scores by arm are in the results posted with the registration (no formal tests; the paper itself is qualitative plus descriptive). Both arms were paid $25 and $50 for the study visits. 93 of 100 attended follow-up (44 control, 49 cash)." }, { "trial": "T72", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A registered RCT with New York's child welfare agency in which 150 caregivers referred to CPS's Family Assessment Response got $500 a month for 12 months unconditionally and 300 got none, with Kessler 10 and perceived stress among its outcomes at 12 months; only a qualitative study of recipients has been published in the files.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Monroe County, New York", "Onondaga County, New York", "Westchester County, New York" ], "population": "Caregivers aged 18 or over served through New York's child protective Family Assessment Response track in the previous six months, invited by caseworkers", "years": "2023-06 to 2024-06", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment Group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 150 }, { "label": "Control Group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 300 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T72-1", "treated": "Treatment Group", "control": "Control Group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2023-06", "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "6 months", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12 months", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "18 months (survey and CPS administrative data)", "months_since_first_payment": 18, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 10 (planned)", "Perceived Stress Scale-4 (planned)", "Parental Stress Scale (planned)", "SF-36 general health items (planned)" ], "employment_measures": null, "evaluator": "Center for Guaranteed Income Research, University of Pennsylvania (Stacia West), with the New York State Office of Children and Family Services and Office of Temporary and Disability Assistance", "result_reports": [], "notes": "The files hold the registration (NCT05857553: started June 2023, completed December 2024, 450 enrolled) and an abstract of a qualitative study of 40 treated caregivers; no randomized outcome results yet, so measures are left empty and the waves are the planned surveys at 6, 12 and 18 months. Primary outcomes are CPS reports and foster care placements from administrative data over 18 months. Payments go on a debit card from an OCFS contractor; controls are invited to paid research activities. Employment is not among the registered outcomes. Payment dates are approximate (study start plus 12 months)." }, { "trial": "T73", "eligible": false, "reason": "no_control_arm", "why": "The Abundant Birth Project chose pregnant Black and Pacific Islander people in San Francisco for $1,000 a month for 12 months by random 'abundance drawings', but the only file is a formative design study; unselected applicants stayed in later drawings, and the evaluation it describes is opt-in for participants only, with no control group or comparative outcomes." }, { "trial": "T74", "eligible": false, "reason": "not_unconditional_cash", "why": "SeCuRE's pilot RCT compares usual care (a $250 emergency payment for both arms) with 12 weekly economic-empowerment sessions, employment mentoring and a $1,200 microgrant that each participant spends on income generation under a plan made with a mentor, so the extra cash is earmarked and bundled with services, and its outcomes are feasibility and HIV prevention and care." }, { "trial": "T75", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A three-arm RCT of transgender and nonbinary US adults facing material hardship comparing a single $150 microgrant (enhanced usual care) with $150 a month for 6 months, alone or with peer mentoring, with Kessler 6 distress as the primary outcome; only the protocol is in the files.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Nationwide (web-based)" ], "population": "Transgender and nonbinary adults aged 18 or over with at least one material hardship, English-speaking, with a phone, email and photo ID", "years": "2023-11 to 2025-09", "arms": [ { "label": "Arm B: extended microgrant (monthly $150 microgrant x 6 months)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 150, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 6, "n_randomized": 120 }, { "label": "Arm C: peer mentoring (monthly $150 microgrants x 6 months + peer mentoring)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 150, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 6, "n_randomized": 120 }, { "label": "Arm A: enhanced usual care (a single $150 microgrant)", "kind": "control", "amount": 150, "currency": "USD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 120 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T75-1", "treated": "Arm B: extended microgrant (monthly $150 microgrant x 6 months)", "control": "Arm A: enhanced usual care (a single $150 microgrant)", "kind": "recurring" }, { "id": "T75-2", "treated": "Arm C: peer mentoring (monthly $150 microgrants x 6 months + peer mentoring)", "control": "Arm A: enhanced usual care (a single $150 microgrant)", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2023-11", "payment_months": 6, "waves": [ { "label": "3-month process measures", "months_since_first_payment": 3, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "6-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "12-month survey", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "Kessler 6 (primary outcome, planned)" ], "employment_measures": null, "evaluator": "National Black Trans Advocacy Coalition (BTAC) with an unnamed research university (CARES study)", "result_reports": [], "notes": "Protocol only (NCT05971160); 360 planned (120 per arm, randomized 1:1:1), 138 enrolled by July 2024, recruitment to March 2025 and last visit March 2026, so no results yet (measures left empty). Payments go on a Mastercard; the only condition for each monthly $150 is answering a monthly call to verify date of birth. All arms get a monthly financial education video for 6 months; arm A's single $150 is coded as a token control payment. Primary analysis compares baseline to 6 months; the 12-month survey tests persistence. Three participants enrolled in a November 2023 soft launch and full recruitment began January 2024, so payment dates are approximate. Wave months are counted from enrollment." }, { "trial": "T76", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A small RCT in Philadelphia primary care that gave low-income patients with social needs a one-time $500 (labelled a conditional cash transfer, but only a request to spend it on their social need, unenforced) against a $50 participation reward, with the SF-12 registered as a secondary outcome at 6 months; the paper reports only qualitative findings.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (two University of Pennsylvania internal medicine practices)" ], "population": "Adult Medicare or Medicaid primary care patients in low-income Philadelphia ZIP codes (median household income under $50,000) screening positive for financial strain, transportation needs or food insecurity, with at least one chronic condition", "years": "2021-11 to 2022-03", "arms": [ { "label": "Cash transfer ($500 at enrollment)", "kind": "lump_sum", "amount": 500, "currency": "USD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 15 }, { "label": "Control ($50 participation reward)", "kind": "control", "amount": 50, "currency": "USD", "per": "once", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 15 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T76-1", "treated": "Cash transfer ($500 at enrollment)", "control": "Control ($50 participation reward)", "kind": "lump_sum" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2021-11", "payment_months": null, "waves": [ { "label": "6-month follow-up interview", "months_since_first_payment": 6, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": [ "SF-12 (registered secondary outcome; no results reported)" ], "employment_measures": null, "evaluator": "University of Pennsylvania (Division of General Internal Medicine)", "result_reports": [], "notes": "The registration (NCT05201586) calls the $500 a conditional cash transfer, but recipients were only asked to use it toward their flagged social need, with no repayment if they did not and no review of spending; it was paid on a preloaded debit card after the enrollment interview, and both arms set a 6-month health goal. Enrollment ran November 2021 to March 2022 (30 patients, 15 per arm planned); 25 completed follow-up interviews. The paper reports qualitative themes and baseline self-rated health only, so no file holds quantitative mental health results; the registered secondary outcomes are the SF-12, blood pressure, HbA1c, cigarettes and utilization." }, { "trial": "T77", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "An RCT in Turin that randomly split about 1,587 low-income families with a child under six eligible for an existing income support program into an unconditional transfer of 2,500 to 3,500 euros in three installments, the same transfer conditional on attending courses, or no transfer, reporting mothers' and partners' employment, hours and wages 12 months after admission.", "country": "Italy", "sites": [ "Turin" ], "population": "Families with ISEE income under 7,000 euros and at least one child under six, admitted to the Ufficio Pio's AOS income support program from April to December 2016", "years": "2016-04 to 2017-06", "arms": [ { "label": "UCT (unconditional cash transfer)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 3000, "currency": "EUR", "per": "year", "months_paid": 6, "n_randomized": 533 }, { "label": "CCT (conditional cash transfer)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 3000, "currency": "EUR", "per": "year", "months_paid": 6, "n_randomized": 533 }, { "label": "CG (control group)", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "EUR", "per": "year", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 521 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T77-1", "treated": "UCT (unconditional cash transfer)", "control": "CG (control group)", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": "biweekly batches of eligible applicants (families randomized within each batch of about 90)", "payment_start": "2016-04", "payment_months": 6, "waves": [ { "label": "Endline survey (12 months after admission)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": false, "measures": [ "employment", "hours", "earnings" ] } ], "mental_health_instruments": null, "employment_measures": [ "current employment status and type of employment (mother of the youngest child and partner)", "days or hours usually worked", "wages", "job-seeking activities and training" ], "evaluator": "Collegio Carlo Alberto and CHILD (Daniela Del Boca, Chiara Pronzato, Giuseppe Sorrenti; Universities of Turin and Zurich), with the Ufficio Pio of the Compagnia di San Paolo", "result_reports": [ "openalex:W2910961751" ], "notes": "Transfers came in three installments: 500 euros at admission, then 1,000 to 1,500 euros at about 3 and about 6 months (2,500 to 3,500 euros in all; the registration says 2,500 to 3,000), coded as 3,000 euros a year paid over 6 months. The CCT arm got the same money only after attending at least 75 percent of two assigned courses, so it is not compared here. The control group, though eligible, got no transfer during the analysis period, only a 100-euro food voucher for completing the endline survey. The endline interviewed the mother of the youngest child about herself and her partner; 73 percent responded (376 CCT, 396 UCT, 383 CG). No mental health outcome is reported (self-rated health at baseline only)." }, { "trial": "T79", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "The same trial as T49 (TAYportunity plus Guaranteed Income, Los Angeles County): 300 young adults randomly selected from applicants got an unconditional $1,000 a month for 36 months plus optional job training, against 650 randomly chosen controls, with labour hours, earnings and psychological well-being as primary outcomes.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Los Angeles County, California" ], "population": "Work-ready young adults aged 18 to 24 who applied to Los Angeles County's TAYportunity plus Guaranteed Income program (3,211 applicants)", "years": "2022-08 to 2025-08", "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment (TAYportunity plus Guaranteed Income)", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1000, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 36, "n_randomized": 300 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 0, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 0, "n_randomized": 650 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T79-1", "treated": "Treatment (TAYportunity plus Guaranteed Income)", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "individual", "stratified_by": null, "payment_start": "2022-08", "payment_months": 36, "waves": null, "mental_health_instruments": [ "psychological well-being (instrument not named in these files)" ], "employment_measures": [ "labour hours supplied in the past month", "labour market income in the past month", "employment" ], "evaluator": "A research team (the dissertation's author, not named) with the Los Angeles County Department of Public Social Services", "result_reports": [ "openalex:W7159681064" ], "notes": "Duplicate of T49: T49's abstract and these files (registration AEARCTR-0011791 and a dissertation abstract) describe the same 300 versus 650 trial, so the two ids should be merged. Treated people could choose six months of subsidized work at $15 an hour, an apprenticeship, or entrepreneurship support; none was a condition of the cash, paid on their EBT cards. Controls, applicants not selected, were told the study concerned their experience in the county's GROW program and, like the treated, got $20 per survey. The dissertation reports six survey waves (timing not given) and administrative arrest records; it finds employment up 7 percentage points and monthly earnings up about 30 percent. Payment dates come from the registration (start 25 August 2022, 36 months)." }, { "trial": "T80", "eligible": true, "reason": null, "why": "A registered RCT in the San Francisco Bay Area that randomly gives households leaving Abode Services' rapid re-housing unconditional monthly payments of $800 to $2,000 (about $13,000 to $16,000 over 12 months) against a token $50 a month, with employment and earnings among the registered secondary outcomes; no results are in the files.", "country": "United States", "sites": [ "Five San Francisco Bay Area counties (Abode Services rapid re-housing programs)" ], "population": "Heads of household aged 18 or over exiting Abode Services' rapid re-housing programs, not in another cash transfer pilot", "years": null, "arms": [ { "label": "Treatment group", "kind": "recurring", "amount": 1200, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 218 }, { "label": "Control group", "kind": "control", "amount": 50, "currency": "USD", "per": "month", "months_paid": 12, "n_randomized": 327 } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": "T80-1", "treated": "Treatment group", "control": "Control group", "kind": "recurring" } ], "randomization": "household", "stratified_by": "family type (single or adults-only vs household with dependents) and county of residence", "payment_start": null, "payment_months": 12, "waves": [ { "label": "12 months after random assignment (administrative data)", "months_since_first_payment": 12, "during_payments": true, "measures": [] }, { "label": "24 months after random assignment (administrative data)", "months_since_first_payment": 24, "during_payments": false, "measures": [] } ], "mental_health_instruments": null, "employment_measures": [ "earnings, wage rate, employed, job exits and job starts (secondary outcomes in the 2022 registration)" ], "evaluator": "LEO at the University of Notre Dame (Mary Kate Batistich, James Sullivan) and Stanford University (Adrienne Sabety), with Abode Services", "result_reports": [], "notes": "Only a pre-analysis plan (January 2023), its abstract and two registrations are in the files; no results yet, so measures are left empty. Treatment payments vary by family type and month (larger for families and in the first months), coded as their approximate average of $1,200 a month; they fall on a fixed schedule, not with earnings. Payments go on a preloaded debit card, with waivers sought for means-tested benefits (not possible for SSI). The plans differ: the 2022 registration (AEARCTR-0010372) planned 990 families (495 per arm), payments from February 2023, and employment and earnings as secondary outcomes; the pre-analysis plan expected enrollment from mid-2023 with 445 per arm analysed and names only homelessness, housing stability and credit outcomes; the 2024 registration (AEARCTR-0013550) gives 545 families (218 treatment, 327 control) from May 2024, with homelessness primary and housing stability and financial wellbeing secondary. Arm sizes follow the latest registration, and payment dates are left null. All outcomes come from administrative data (HMIS, Infutor, Experian; employment records unnamed)." } ]