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The masked doses were active, and their psychoactive effects showed less: masked ketamine lowered pain on day 1 or 2 after the procedure (g −0.53, 95% CI −0.93 to −0.13; 23 trials), as awake ketamine did (g −0.37, −0.61 to −0.14; 34 trials), with no difference between them in surgery (awake minus masked +0.28, −0.23 to 0.78), and it raised the odds of each trial's most frequent psychotomimetic adverse event less than awake ketamine did (Mantel–Haenszel odds ratio 2.11, 1.48 to 2.99, in 22 masked trials, against 3.75, 3.07 to 4.57, in 43 awake trials; p = 0.0051 for the difference). · sciencejournal.ai